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BackgroundAssisted reproductive technology (ART) has been reported to have negative effects on maternal and neonatal health. Ovulation induction (OI) was reported to be associated with alteration of epigenetic modification of mice embryos, and extinguishing the influence of ovulation induction and in vitro operations on maternal and neonatal health will bring benefits for reducing side effects. The present study aimed to determine whether ovulation induction alone and ART are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and whether ART could induce a higher risk than ovulation induction alone.MethodsA total of 51,172 cases with singleton live birth between Jan 2016 and May 2019 at the International Peace Maternal and Child Health Hospital were included in this study. Conception modes documented during registration were classified into natural conception (NC), OI, and ART. Pregnancy outcomes of the three groups with balanced baseline characteristics by propensity score matching were compared. The relative risks of maternal and neonatal outcomes were calculated by logistic regression analysis.ResultsCompared with natural conception, infertility treatments are associated with gestational diabetes (OI: OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.31-2.27; ART: OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.26-2.20), preeclampsia/eclampsia (OI: OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.03-3.36; ART: OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.26-3.92). Even if gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, and placental problems were adjusted, infertility treatments are associated with birth before 37 weeks (OI: OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.28-3.12; ART: OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.08-2.69), low birth weight (OI: OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.23-3.91; ART: OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.05-3.45), and SGA (OI: OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.20-4.87; ART: OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.28-5.11). ART but not OI is associated with a higher risk of birth before 34 weeks (OR:3.12, 95% CI 1.21-8.05). By comparing the OI group with the ART group, we only found that ART could induce a higher ratio of placental problems (5.0%, 26/518 vs 2.1%, 11/519, p

The mechanical properties of direct laser deposition (DLD) parts are crucial for engineering applications, which are determined by the microstructure and texture. To achieve fine microstructure and higher mechanical performance, pulsed laser deposition is used to generate less heat accumulation and a higher cooling rate. However, the relationship between microstructure and thermal history is difficult to investigate due to the transient temperature change. In this work, a three-dimensional numerical model is developed to study the thermal behavior of the molten pool in the continuous laser deposition (CLD), the continuous pulsed laser deposition (CPLD), and the interval pulsed laser deposition (IPLD) processes. The microstructure of the deposition samples is investigated by optical microscope and electron back-scattered diffraction. The mechanical response of the deposition samples is investigated by tensile test and microhardness test. Compared with the CLD, CPLD, and IPLD result in higher temperature gradient and cooling rate, long columnar grains, and a strong fiber texture. However, grains with larger sizes and a texture with a herringbone pattern due to the change of heat flow are obtained in CLD samples. The test values of IPLD samples show higher tensile strength, higher yield strength, lower ductility, and higher hardness values. This research brings about a perspective for studying the thermal effects of deposition layers and a novelty deposition process to obtain specific microstructures and better mechanical properties.

Abstract Background Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have significant tumor regulatory functions, and CAFs-derived exosomes (CAFs-Exo) released from CAFs play an important role in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, a lack of comprehensive molecular biological analysis leaves the regulatory mechanisms of CAFs-Exo in OSCC unclear. Methods We used platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) to induce the transformation of human oral mucosa fibroblast (hOMF) into CAFs, and extracted exosomes from the supernatant of CAFs and hOMF. We validated the effect of CAFs-Exo on tumor progression by exosomes co-culture with Cal-27 and tumor-forming in nude mice. The cellular and exosomal transcriptomes were sequenced, and immune regulatory genes were screened and validated using mRNA-miRNA interaction network analysis in combination with publicly available databases. Results The results showed that CAFs-Exo had a stronger ability to promote OSCC proliferation and was associated with immunosuppression. We discovered that the presence of immune-related genes in CAFs-Exo may regulate the expression of PIGR, CD81, UACA, and PTTG1IP in Cal-27 by analyzing CAFs-Exo sequencing data and publicly available TCGA data. This may account for the ability of CAFs-Exo to exert immunomodulation and promote OSCC proliferation. Conclusions CAFs-Exo was found to be involved in tumor immune regulation through hsa-miR-139-5p, ACTR2 and EIF6, while PIGR, CD81, UACA and PTTG1IP may be potentially effective targets for the treatment of OSCC in the future.