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Purpose: Brain metastases (BM) often leave residual tumors despite having visible margins, which increases the risk of local tumor recurrence and can impact overall patient survival rates. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) utilizing sodium fluorescein (FL) has been reported as an effective technique in recent studies. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of FL FGS in improving the extent of resection of brain metastases and its impact on overall survival. Methods: We conducted a systematic search following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Our primary focus was on gross total resection (GTR). Additionally, we extracted survival data and evaluated the risk of bias using a modified version of the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. Results: The study comprised 970 patients with brain metastases through eight different studies. The study found that patients who underwent FL-guided resection had a significantly higher rate of GTR (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.14–3.56, p = 0.0156, I2 = 41.5%). Additionally, the study concluded that FL-guided resection is associated with better overall survival rates (HR: 0.61, 95%CI: 0.47 0.80, p = 0.0003, I2 = 41.5%). Conclusion: Our research suggests that the use of FL is associated with a higher rate of GTR and improved overall patient survival. None of the studies we reviewed reported significant complications associated with the use of FL in patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: If you encounter an unexplained case of bone marrow edema in a young patient, consider the possibility of osteoid osteoma (OO). Even in the presence of a nidus near vital structures, RFA can safely be used to treat OO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon malignancy of head and neck. Although the cornerstone of treatment is surgery, concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) might be used as an effective treatment for unresectable tumors. Herein we report a case of massive ACC of base of tongue with durable complete response to definitive CRT. Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor accounting for 1% of all head and neck cancers. The best treatment option is complete surgical resection with or without adjuvant radiotherapy. When surgical resection is not feasible, definitive radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy can be considered. Herein we report a non‐smoker 72‐year‐old woman presented with throat discomfort and sensation of a lump. Evaluation revealed an unresectable adenoid cystic carcinoma of the base of tongue in whom complete clinical response was achieved after definitive concurrent chemoradiation. Although the cornerstone of treatment is complete surgical resection, this case report indicates that concurrent chemoradiotherapy might result in complete clinical response and could be used as a definitive treatment in selected ACC tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Placenta previa, accompanied by placenta percreta, which involves invasion of the bladder, presents a significant risk of excessive bleeding during and after delivery. This case highlights that prophylactic embolization, conservative surgery, and careful monitoring offer an effective approach to avoid hysterectomy in cases of placenta percreta with adjacent organ involvement. Placenta previa complicated by placenta percreta is associated with a high risk of massive intra and post‐partum hemorrhage. We present a case of a 35‐year‐old woman (G2 P1) who was referred to the Akbar‐Abadi hospital at 13 weeks of gestation. Color Doppler ultrasound indicated complete placenta previa‐percreta with bladder invasion. After induction of fetal demise, bilateral uterine and bladder artery endovascular embolization was conducted for the patient. After 48 h, under ultrasound guidance, surgical resection of residual percreta tissue was conducted as much as possible. Eight weeks later, a follow‐up sonography showed the minimum residual placenta tissue and she regained menstrual cycles after 2 months. This case indicated that the combination of prophylactic embolization, conservative surgical management with placenta left in situ, and follow‐up with serial color Doppler monitoring, is an optimum method to avoid hysterectomy in placenta percreta patient with adjacent organ invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Radiotherapy (RT) is an essential treatment modality against cancer and becoming even more in demand due to the anticipated increase in cancer incidence. Due to the rapid development of RT technologies amid financial challenges, we aimed to assess the available RT facilities and the issues with achieving health equity based on current equipment compared to the previous reports from Iran. Materials and methods: A survey arranged by the Iran Cancer Institute's Radiation Oncology Research Center (RORC) was sent to all of the country's radiotherapy centers in 2022. Four components were retrieved: the reimbursement type, equipment, human resources, and patient load. To calculate the radiotherapy utilization rate (RUR), the Lancet Commission was used. The findings were compared with the previous national data. Results: Seventy-six active radiotherapy centers with 123 Linear accelerators (LINACs) were identified. The centers have been directed in three ways. 10 (20 LINACs), 36 (50 LINACs), and 30 centers (53 LINACs) were charity-, private-, and public-based, respectively. Four provinces had no centers. There was no active intraoperative radiotherapy machine despite its availability in 4 centers. One orthovoltage X-ray machine was active and 14 brachytherapy devices were treating patients. There were 344, 252, and 419 active radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and radiation therapy technologists, respectively. The ratio of LINAC and radiation oncologists to one million populations was 1.68 and 4.10, respectively. Since 2017, 35±5 radiation oncology residents have been trained each year. Conclusion: There has been a notable growth in RT facilities since the previous reports and Iran's situation is currently acceptable among LMICs. However, there is an urgent need to improve the distribution of the RT infrastructure and provide more facilities that can deliver advanced techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates vibrational behavior of a porous conical hollow rotor. Inner and outer rotor surface, sensor, and actuator strips made of piezoceramic are modeled and positioned, which are symmetrically distributed in the circumferential direction. Kinetic and potential energies were computed considering the effects of Coriolis and centrifugal force. Modeling of the system has been carried out assuming classical theory and using Lagrange approach for simple-supported boundary conditions. Also, the relations of piezoceramic and three types of porosity attend in equilibrium equations. The discretization of kinetic and potential energies using displacement field which is defined as double mixed series based on independent mode shape and time function leads to obtaining the equations in form of ordinary differential. To calculate the natural frequencies, the equations were converted to a special form of state space model. The correctness of the study is examined by comparing it with similar study results. The most consequential parameters affecting the forward and backward natural frequency, such as type and porosity coefficient, size, number, and thickness of piezoceramic, and the rotor angular velocity, are researched. The results demonstrate that the effect of porosity coefficient in various longitudinal modes on natural frequency is different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Herbal medicines are commonly used by many people with diabetes in addition to standard treatment. Plants contain numerous known and unknown compounds that may exacerbate or ameliorate diabetes complications. Therefore, it is crucial to be aware of the side effects of these herbs before prescribing them. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Securigera securidaca (HESS) seeds alone and in combination with glibenclamide on the angiogenic/anti-angiogenic balance in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Groups involved in this animal study included diabetic and healthy controls, three doses of HESS, glibenclamide, and combination therapy. Serum samples were collected and analyzed for a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), fetal liver kinase 1 (FLK-1), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFLT-1), and transforming growth factor -beta (TGF-β). Results: Induction of diabetes increased VEGF, FGF21, and TGF-β serum levels and decreased circulating FLK-1 and sFLT-1 factors. Herbal extract, except TGF-β, had little effect on the above blood levels even at the highest doses. Glibenclamide was more effective than the highest dose of HESS in improving the vascular complications of diabetes. Combination therapy with the highest dose of HESS partly enhanced the glibenclamide effects. Conclusion: Compared with glibenclamide as a standard chemical drug, HESS had no significant effects on the blood levels of the pro/anti-angiogenesis factor in diabetic rats. Glibenclamide attenuated the levels of the biomarkers and its effects were somewhat enhanced in combination with the highest dose of HESS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irrigation and crop management practices play a crucial role in ecology and agrohydrology and can have significant environmental and socio-economic impacts. The important decision factors include soil moisture and water salinity, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. In this study, the effects of these two factors on maize are quantitatively measured. To collect data, design of experiments is utilized at a greenhouse in a research center. The dataset consists of eighteen variables, including sixteen qualitative, quantitative, and morphological maize characteristics, as well as two decision variables, i.e., water depletion and salinity. This endeavor aims to promote the use of multi-objective decision-making techniques in the water management context to improve agricultural practices in regions facing water scarcity. To ensure appropriate data analysis, besides data visualization, multivariate and repeated measures analysis of variance are employed. Subsequently, a repeated measures model is used to fit statistical models and construct the corresponding responses. Furthermore, to determine the optimal levels of soil moisture and water salinity, which are often in conflict with each other, the problem is approached within a multi-objective framework. The weighted p-norm method is employed to incorporate management priorities in the decision-making process and facilitate tradeoffs between these two factors. Policy implications based on the findings are provided, offering valuable insights for improving irrigation and crop management practices. Detailed guidelines are provided on how to effectively analyze a problem, construct a model, and verify its assumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between September 2019 and December 2023, a total of 612 wild birds representing 16 orders, 33 families, 60 genera, and 78 species from nine provinces of Iran with different climates namely Hamedan (n = 54), Sistan-va-Baluchestan (n = 372), Kerman (n = 73), South Khorasan (n = 52), Mazandaran (n = 7), Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiari (n = 2), Gilan (n = 2), Golestan (n = 18), North Khorasan (n = 9), and Razavi Khorasan (n = 23) were examined for chewing lice infestation. Naked eye examination revealed that 58 birds (9.5%) were infested with at least one chewing louse species. Collected lice specimens belonged to 28 species from the families Philopteridae, Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae including Strigiphilus strigis (n = 55, 15.6%), Falcolipeurus quadripustulatus (n = 41, 11.6%), Craspedorrhynchus platystomus (n = 40, 11.3%), Colpocephalum turbinatum (n = 36, 10.2%), Laemobothrion maximum (n = 25, 7.1%), Nosopon lucidum (n = 20, 5.6%), Degeeriella fulva (n = 18, 5.1%), Colpocephalum eucarenum (n = 16, 4.5%), Laemobothrion vulturis (n = 15, 4.2%), Anaticola crassicornis (n = 13, 3.7%), Craspedorrhynchus aquilinus (n = 9, 2.5%), Degeeriella fusca (n = 7, 2.0%), Aegypoecus trigonoceps (n = 7, 2.0%), Quadraceps obscurus (n = 6, 1.7%), Colpocephalum impressum (n = 6, 1.7%), Trinoton querquedulae (n = 6, 1.7%), Colpocephalum heterosoma (n = 5, 1.4%), Colpocephalum nanum (n = 5, 1.4%), Lunaceps holophaeus (n = 4, 1.1%), Quadraceps spp. (n = 4, 1.1%), Actornithophilus uniseriatus (n = 2, 0.6%), Nosopon chanabense (n = 2, 0.6%), Actornithophilus cornutus (n = 1, 0.3%), Cuclotogaster heterographus (n = 1, 0.3%), Falcolipeurus suturalis (n = 1, 0.3%), Laemobothrion atrum (n = 1, 0.3%), Colpocephalum gypsi (n = 1, 0.3%), and Rallicola cuspidatus (n = 1, 0.3%). All of these species except six, i.e., Trinoton spp., C. aquilinus, L. vulturis, L. maximum, C. impressum, C. turbinatum, and C. heterographus are recorded for the first time from Iran. This study is the largest epidemiological study to date performed in the country. Data reported herein contribute to our knowledge about diversity of avian chewing lice from wild birds in Iran. In this paper, an updated checklist of louse species reported from Iran according to their avian hosts is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation analyzes the effects of internal static fluid on the free vibrational behavior of joined shells made of carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber‐reinforced composite. Various types of functionally graded CNTs composite with temperature dependence are considered. Classic shell theory and Love's assumptions combined with Hamilton's principle are used to obtain motion equations. Bernoulli equation, velocity potential, and impermeability condition are employed to the coupling effects of fluid pressure with motion equations of shells. Continuity conditions in the joint point of conical and cylindrical sections are supposed to couple equations of two parts. The generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method is employed to solve equations for various boundary conditions. Experimental modal tests on a sample made by the 3-D printer and prior others' research are used to validate the accuracy of results. Consequently, parametric studies are expressed, such as longitudinal and circumferential mode numbers, semi-vertex angle, distributions of CNTs, CNTs fraction volumes, fluid density, shell thickness, and operating temperature. According to the results, although fluid decreases the frequency generally, the process of changing frequency in terms of other parameters is similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research analyzes the influence of temperature changes on the vibration of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SW-CNTs) composite joined conical-cylindrical shells. The governing dynamic equations of temperature-dependent CNTs with initial thermomechanical stresses are established using the Love shell assumptions and classical shell theory. The initial thermomechanical stresses are derived from the linear membrane approach method. Two possibilities are assumed for the calculation of temperature change: a uniform temperature distribution and steady-state heat transfer by conduction through the thickness of the shell. The initial thermomechanical stresses are determined using the linear membrane approach. The generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method is used to solve the equations after combining it with continuity conditions between the conical part and the cylindrical part and various boundary conditions. After validating the natural frequency and the different types of temperature distribution with the studies of other researchers, the effects of semi vortex of the cone, the volume fraction, and the type of distribution on the temperature rise are given as the results. The type of temperature distribution has the greatest influence among the parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an improved switched‐inductor quasi‐Z‐source inverter with a higher boost factor than similar inverters, which integrates a switched‐capacitor and a three‐winding switched‐coupled inductor into a conventional quasi Z‐source inverter (q‐ZSI). The proposed inverter is called a switched‐capacitor trans quasi Z‐source inverter (SCT‐q‐ZSI). In this topology, the input current is continuous, and a high voltage gain is reachable with lowduty cycles (D). In this structure, capacitors are used instead of the side diodes of the switched‐inductor quasi Z‐source inverter. The proposed converter has a low inrush current at the startup which might damage the converter components. The performance of the proposed inverter is investigated at different operating modes and the voltage and current equations of all elements are calculated. The analysis, derivation of boost factor, capacitor voltages, and components, of the proposed inverter, are carried out and are compared with similar inverters. Finally, analytical, simulation, and experimental results are also presented to validate its advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Internal mammary lymph nodes (IMNs) are a potential site of metastasis for breast cancer. Targeting IMNs as part of a comprehensive regional nodal irradiation comes at the cost of higher unwanted doses to critical nearby organs at risk. Thus, the efficacy and safety of different radiotherapy techniques for the coverage of this area remain elusive. Objectives: We present a dosimetric comparison between partially wide tangents (PWT) and direct photon/electron (P/E) portals in terms of target volume coverage and normal tissue sparing. Methods: Patients with left-sided breast cancer, who were referred to our clinic for post-lumpectomy or post-mastectomy radio-therapy, underwent computed tomography (CT) simulation. The left breast and IMNs, heart, lung, right breast, and esophagus were contoured. Dosimetric comparisons were based on dose-volume histograms (DVHs) generated for all of the aforementioned organs. A subgroup analysis was also performed based on patients' type of surgical treatment. Results: A total of 30 patients (10 with breast conserving surgery and 20 with modified radical mastectomy) were included. The P/E plan provided a higher coverage of the left breast (P-value of CTV V105%: < 0.001) and IMNs with a P-value of 0.087 regarding the mean dose received by IMNs, and also less volume of the heart (P-value of Heart V30Gy: 0.021), and lungs (P-value of Lung V20Gy: 0.003) were irradiated. However, these advantages came at the cost of a higher dose to the esophagus and right breast and more hotspots compared to the PWT technique. Conclusions: The P/E technique had advantages regarding target volume coverage and toxicity regardless of the type of surgery. Based on the results of this study, overall, the P/E portal is superior to the PWT for radiotherapy of breast cancer with internal mammary node inclusion. However, the appropriate treatment plan should be decided on a case-by-case basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agnathia is one of the first pharyngeal arch deformities referred to as mandibular abnormality. This case report aimed to describe an unusual form of agnathia-otocephaly in a Mehraban ewelamb accompanied by other malformations. The scrutiny of the lamb's face indicated a chain of abnormalities in the head region. Lack of mandible, lips, rima oris, oral cavity, tongue, and teeth were recognized. Eyes and ear lobes were normal, but the base of the pinnae met each other ventral to the atlantooccipital joint and formed a single external acoustic meatus there. The nostrils were normally formed, but the philtrum was not formed due to the lack of lips, especially the upper lip. The hyoid apparatus was normally developed. The laryngopharynx had no connection with the nasopharynx and dead end. Also, the nasal cavities ended blindly because of rinopharyngeal aplasia and no choanal foramen. So, the abnormal pharyngeal region caused a non-functional respiratory system followed by death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting adverse effect of oxaliplatin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of duloxetine in the prevention of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN). Method: Cancer patients receiving oxaliplatin based chemotherapy were randomized into two arms. Duloxetine 60 mg capsule was given in the first 14 days of each chemotherapy cycle to one arm and placebo was similarly given to another. We compared the two arms based on the incidence of neuropathy and the results of the nerve conduction study (NCS). Grade of complained neuropathy was recorded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Results: Thirty-two patients mostly rectal cancer (90.6%) were randomized to duloxetine and placebo arms. Highest grade of neuropathy in each cycle was not significantly different between the two groups. Six weeks after treatment incidence of neuropathy of any grade was 52.9 in duloxetine arm compared to 76.9% in placebo arm (P: 0.26). Patients in the duloxetine arm had a lower percentage of chemotherapy cycles (mean) in which they reported distal paresthesia (51% vs. 84%, P = 0.01) and throat discomfort (37% vs. 69%, P = 0.01). Results of NCS were mostly comparable between the two arms except for the velocity in two of the examined nerve which was significantly higher in duloxetine group. Duloxetine was safe and well-tolerated. Conclusion: Although a definite conclusion might be difficult to draw but administering duloxetine for 14 days in each chemotherapy cycle could not decrease the incidence of acute OIPN based on CTCAE grading system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the interaction of the common lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network involved in signaling pathways in different stages of prostate cancer (PCa) by using bioinformatics and experimental methods. Methods: Seventy subjects included sixty PCa patients in Local, Locally Advanced, Biochemical Relapse, Metastatic, and Benign stages, and ten healthy subjects were entered into the current study. The mRNAs with significant expression differences were first found using the GEO database. The candidate hub genes were then identified by analyzing Cytohubba and MCODE software. Cytoscape, GO Term, and KEGG software determined hub genes and critical pathways. The expression of candidate lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs was then assessed using Real-Time PCR and ELISA techniques. Results: 4 lncRNAs, 5 miRNAs, and 15 common target genes were detected in PCa patients compared with the healthy group. Unlike the tumor suppressors, the expression levels of common onco-lncRNAs, oncomiRNAs, and oncogenes showed a considerable increase in patients with advanced stages; Biochemical Relapse and Metastatic, in comparison to the primary stages; Local and Locally Advanced. Additionally, their expression levels significantly increased with a higher Gleason score than a lower one. Conclusion: Identifying a common lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network associated with prostate cancer may be clinically valuable as potential predictive biomarkers. They can also serve as novel therapeutic targets for PCa patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration of Ascaris lumbricoides through the papilla of Vater in humans, and entry into the biliary tree, is well‐recognised. Ascaris suum and Toxocara vitulorum have been recovered from the liver of swine and buffalo. We necropsied a Persian Kurdish filly at age 6 months, weighing ∼100 kg. Death evidently was caused by oleander (Nerium oleander) intoxication. An 8‐cm adult male Parascaris was found at the lobar‐left hepatic bile duct junction. We suggest that the nematode entered anteriorly into the hepatic tree, via the duodenum, major duodenal papilla, bile duct, left hepatic duct and finally the lobar duct. Considering the brief 4‐h elapsed time between death and necropsy, and the 18‐cm distance from the major duodenal papilla to the location of the parasite, we conclude that entry into the biliary tree likely occurred ante‐mortem. We advise consideration of Parascaris infection in differential diagnosis of equine hepatic and pancreatic dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Muscular stomach or gizzard is one of the most important parts of gastrointestinal tract in birds for mechanical and chemical digestion and can vary depending on the bird's eating habits. In the present study, the morphology of muscular stomach in common kestrel, steppe eagle, golden eagle and imperial eagle has been investigated and compared. Materials & Methods: In this study, common kestrel (n=4), steppe eagle (n=5), golden eagle (n=4) and imperial eagle (n=6) which died because of broken leg and wing, sent to the faculty of veterinary science at Bu-Ali Sina University of Hamadan. The gizzard samples were fixed in 10% formalin buffer solution and the histological process was carried. Finally, H&E, Masson's trichrome, Orcein and PAS staining were utilized. Results: The most important difference between the stomach of steppe, golden, and imperial eagles and common kestrel was the lack of keratinous layer in the surface of stomach in eagles. The histological structure of stomach in imperial eagle was more similar to that of steppe eagle. The differences of the stomach of imperial eagle were due to the presence of a thick muscle layer in several different rows with different directions in comparison with steppe and golden eagles. Conclusions: It can be concluded that, the structure of muscular stomach in common kestrel was similar to gizzard, while the stomach in three species of eagles did not have a keratinous layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The non-surgical treatment outcome of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma remains to be defined. We aimed to assess the outcomes of definitive chemoradiation (CRT) of GEJ tumors. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was entirely carried out in the radiation oncology ward of Cancer Institute of Iran. We included patients with adenocarcinoma histology whose tumors had involved the gastro-esophageal junction and underwent chemoradiotherapy without surgery. In the final analysis, we evaluated 50 patients with non-metastatic adenocarcinoma of GEJ (Siewert's type I and II) from 2008 to 2017. The primary outcome was overall survival; secondary outcomes were progression-free survival and local and distal metastasis. Results: The reasons for not undergoing surgery in order of frequency from highest to lowest were patient refusal or medical unfitness for surgery, tumor unresectability or progress at the time of operation and incident metastasis in pre-op restaging, and. The 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year overall survival rates were 53%, 26%, and 12%, respectively. The 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year progression-free survival rates were 44%, 18%, and 10%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the only independent predictor of survival was a distant failure (P=0.031). Conclusion: Although the outcomes of non-surgical treatments are disappointing in GEJ adenocarcinomas, a few patients may experience long-term survival using definitive CRT. This option should be discussed with all patients who are not candidates for surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the most important fundamental issues in mental health is patients' satisfaction with the beauty of their teeth and their compatibility with complete dentures. Therefore, this study investigated the role of early maladaptive schemas and body image in the level of satisfaction with complete dentures among patients referred to the dental clinic of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Iran, in 2021-2022. Methods: The research was a descriptive correlational study. This study's statistical population included all candidates for complete dentures referring to the dental clinic of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in 2021-22, from among which, 168 people were selected through convenience sampling method. The research tools included the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) (1988), Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) Littleton et al. (2005), and Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire (DSQ) by Davies and Ware (1982). The collected data were analyzed using multiple regression tests in SPSS software. Results: The results showed a relationship between the components of early maladaptive schemas [failure (B = -0.225), defectiveness/shame (B = -0.279), social isolation/alienation (B = 0.278), abandonment/instability (B = 0.331), subjugation (B = -0.264), and dependence/incompetence (B = 0.246)] and the level of satisfaction with complete dentures among the patients (P < 0.05). The results also showed a significant relationship between the components of body image and the level of satisfaction with complete dentures (P < 0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that early maladaptive schemas and body image playa role in the satisfaction level of patients referred to the dental clinic of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Along with high calorie and high protein diet, a new comprehensive dietary approach is needed to control cachexia caused by cancer and its related outcomes. This study was done to evaluate the effect of a Mediterranean diet on body composition, nutritional status, and inflammatory markers among cancer cachexia patients. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 46 patients with colorectal cancer-induced cachexia were included. After randomization, 23 patients were allocated to the intervention group (Mediterranean diet) and 23 to the control group (nutritional counseling for weight gain and prevention of weight loss in cancer patients). The primary outcome including muscle health, nutritional status, and inflammatory markers along with secondary outcomes such as quality of life, and serum proteins were evaluated at the start and the eighth week of the study. Statistical analysis was performed according to the intentionto-treat concept. To compare changes in dependent variables between the 2 groups, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed. Results: After adjustment for the baseline values, age, sex, and supplements use, in the Mediterranean diet group mean of weight (P < .001), lean body mass (P = .001), fat mass (P = .002), and muscle strength (P < .001) were significantly increased compared to the control group. Regarding inflammatory markers, the mean serum level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) (P < .001), high sensitive-C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (P = .01) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) (P < .001) were significantly improved in the Mediterranean diet group. Moreover, in the Mediterranean diet group, the score for global health status (P = .02) and physical performance score (P < .001) were significantly increased. Conclusion: It appears that the implementation of the Mediterranean diet might be a strategy to improve nutritional status, quality of life, inflammatory markers, and body composition in patients with colorectal cancer cachexia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many accidents always happen in the electricity distribution sector, which requires the use of control strategies in this field. Therefore, this study presented a risk assessment method based on a fuzzy Bayesian network (FBN) and William Fine method in low-voltage power distribution systems to reduce the structural uncertainties of the studies and examined the reliability of these systems to achieve proper performance in emergencies. The first step is to develop a fault tree (FT) and event tree (ET) in bow tie (BT) format. In this study, fuzzy theory and expert judgment were used to qualitatively analyze the root events affecting the system failure and determine the relevant probabilities. Then, deductive and inductive reasoning was done after determining the likelihood of basic events (BEs) and establishing the Bayesian network (BN). Then, the final risk was estimated using William Fine's method and fuzzy logic. The results of a case study in a low-voltage power distribution system showed that there were 36 BEs and 20 intermediate events (IEs) for system failure, and the reliability of the system was obtained as 0.96654476 and 0.96654476 based on the FT and FBN, respectively. According to the results of BE25 (no installation of the earth) and BE18 (contact of metal objects with the live wire), the most critical events were based on FBN. The results showed that FBN simulation and its combination with static methods such as BT and William Fine provide a suitable method for the accurate identification of distribution systems. Therefore, the approach of the present study can help the decision makers and analysts of the electricity industry to prevent possible failures due to system changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, two high step-down bridgeless power factor correction rectifiers based on the switched inductor network (SIN) are introduced. The proposed rectifiers employ the SIN to provide high step-down voltage gain with a higher duty cycle than the competitors. They also offer higher efficiency, lower current stress, and total peak switching device powers. A thorough and straightforward design algorithm in the discontinuous conduction mode is provided that ensures a unity power factor and a low total harmonic distortion with a simple control scheme. As a demonstration of the superior performance of the proposed rectifiers, a 300-W high-gain sepic rectifier setup with 48Vdc output voltage from a 230Vrms/50Hz source is built in the laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most histotechnical methods and preparation of tissue sections were invented and used in the 18th and 19th centuries. Due to the colorless nature of most cells and tissues in the body, tissue staining methods were used from the beginning to differentiate cells and tissues. Materials & Methods: According to sources and reports in this field, the time required for each hematoxylin-eosin staining period is approximately 80 minutes. In the present study, a method of hematoxylin-eosin staining is reported that reduces the time required for staining by maintaining the quality of sections and staining from 80 minutes to less than 40 minutes. Also, considering the existing problems regarding the cost of histochemistry and immunohistochemistry kits, the Low amount of kits and the problems that exist in the drip staining method of this type of staining, the present report tries to present three creative methods in this regard. These methods increase the quality of the prepared slides, in addition to reducing consumables. Optimization of tissue staining steps can reduce expenses spent and increase the quality of tissue sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Foreign body aspiration is a common accident with life-threatening outcomes. Rigid bronchoscopy is considered an effective tool in the diagnosis and treatment of this complication; however, there is still no agreement on the preferred ventilation method for the treatment of patients with foreign body aspiration. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes followed by ventilation methods in patients with foreign body aspiration undergoing rigid bronchoscopy. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the information was recorded from 90 patients' files, including age, gender, aspirated foreignbody, interval from aspiration to referral, signs, andsymptoms, comorbidity, bronchoscopic results, ventilationmethod during the procedure, occurrence of respiratory complications, heart rate, blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, length of hospital stay, and mortality of patients. The data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22). A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 90 reviewed cases, 57.67% were male, and the mean age was 2.06-1.25 years. The most common aspirated foreign body was peanuts (38.89%). The mostcommonclinical signs were cough (81.11%) and wheezing (51.11%). The mostcommonsymptoms were wheezing (54.44%) and decreasing respiratory sounds (46.67%). Bronchoscopy was associated with foreign body extraction in 65.6% of the patients. The relationship between the ventilation method with blood pressure changes, length of hospital stay, cardiopulmonary complications, and oxygen saturation was not significant; however, the cases with spontaneous breathing referred at shorter intervals from aspiration and experienced fewer heart rate changes. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed no preference between spontaneous and controlled ventilation during rigid bronchoscopy in patients with foreign body aspiration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pemphigus disease activity measurements: pemphigus disease area index, autoimmune bullous skin disorder intensity score, and pemphigus vulgaris activity score. Self-assessment Pemphigus Vulgaris Activity Score (SA-PVAS): A new tool for patients to self-assess their disease severity Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune blistering mucocutaneous disease with an unpredictable course.1,2 For assessing the severity of PV, several scoring systems have been developed such as Pemphigus Disease Area Index (PDAI) and Pemphigus Vulgaris Activity Score (PVAS).3 We conducted this study to evaluate the translated simplified version of the PVAS called Self-Assessment PVAS (SA-PVAS) in comparison with the PDAI. [Extracted from the article]

The proventriculus is one of the most important parts of digestive tract in birds for mechanical and chemical digestion and can vary depending on the bird's eating habits. In the present study, the morphological and histological structure of proventriculus in common kestrel, steppe eagle, golden eagle and imperial eagle have been investigated and compared. In this study, Proventriculus of common kestrel (n=4), steppe eagle (n=5), golden eagle (n=4) and imperial eagle (n=6) were collected and fixed in 10% formalin buffer solution and the histological process were carried. Finally, H&E, Masson's trichrome, Orcein and PAS stainings were utilized. Histologically, slight differences were observed between the proventriculus of common kestrel and steppe eagle. Notable differences included a continuous and relatively thicker layer of mucosal muscle in the steppe eagle's proventriculus, and the distinct simple columnar epithelium of the submucosal glands type II ducts. The only notable structural difference in golden eagle was the presence of relatively dense connective tissue of lamina propria and one to three layers of continuous smooth muscle in its structure. The histological structure of imperial eagle's proventriculus had two differences with its structure in common kestrel. Firstly, the lamina propria was composed of relatively dense connective tissue and secondly, the muscle layer was relatively thinner than other species examined in this study, while the serosa layer had a considerable thickness. It can be concluded that the structure of proventriculus was similar in three species of eagles and common kestrel, and the main significant difference was related to the layers of mucosal muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic seed extract of Securigera securidaca (S. securidaca) (HESS) on liver local reninangiotensin system (RAS) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Three groups of diabetic male Wistar rats were treated with different doses of HESS (100, 200, 400 mg/Kg-BW), and the results were compared with diabetic and healthy control groups. To test the effects of HESS on liver local RAS as well as its alternative pathway, the tissue levels of renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2, angiotensin-II (Ang-II), and Ang- (1-7) were measured. The oxidative state of liver tissue was evaluated by biomarkers of malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), and total antioxidant status (TAS). Due to the association between local RAS activity and tissue inflammation, the production of interleukins (IL) IL-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-a), and IL-10 in the liver was assayed in the experimental group. Results: Dose-dependent effects of HESS showed that the highest dose of the extract had a reducing effect on the hepatic levels of local RAS components including angiotensinogen, ACE, and Ang-II. Surprisingly, despite the decrease in tissue level of ACE2, an increase in Ang- (1-7) tissue concentration was observed. Decreased local RAS activity through treatment with the highest dose of HESS was associated with decreased tissue levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a), and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). Most of the effects of the extract are attributed to its antioxidant properties. Conclusions: S. securidaca seed can be suggested as a suitable drug supplement to prevent hepatic complications of diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two structures are proposed based on the quasi Z‐source inverter (qZSI), which can significantly raise the output voltage in applications, including photovoltaic and fuel cells, in which the input voltage is low. The proposed inverters provide a continuous input current and reduce the voltage stress on capacitor. Besides, the proposed switched‐capacitor‐inductor qZSI (SCL‐qZSI) can suppress inrush current at the start up moment as this current might damage the devices. The performance of the proposed structures is investigated at different operating modes, and the voltage equations are calculated. The voltage stress on switches, the voltage stress on capacitors, the voltage stress on diodes, and the current stress on inductor, as well as the average DC‐link current, the gain voltage (G), and the boost factor (B) of the proposed inverters, are analysed and derived. They are then compared with similar converters. To confirm the performance of the proposed converters, a laboratory sample of converters is made, which with output voltages, capacitors voltages, input and output current for the proposed converters. The DC‐link (Vi) voltage is 95 with boost factor 1.6 for SCL‐qZSI, and the DC‐link voltage is 216 with boost factor 3.6 for the enhance switched‐capacitor‐inductor qZSI (ESCL‐qZSI), which confirms the relationships obtained from the proposed converters. Also, the abbreviation for this paper is shown in table 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Post-surgery radiation can reduce the risk of loco-regional relapse in high-intermediate-risk endometrial cancer. High-dose-rate vaginal cuff brachytherapy (HDR-BRT) is an acceptable method of radiation in majority of endometrial cancer cases. Although 2D planning is frequently used for treatment based on physical examination without any imaging, measurement of the dose received by organs-at-risk (OARs) is not possible. Therefore, the present study was the first to compare dose delivered to target and OARs in 2D vs. 3D planning in patients treated with cobalt-60 source. Material and methods: In this study, organs including vagina wall, bladder, rectum, and sigmoid were contoured on computed tomography (CT) scan images of 37 endometrial cancer patients, and doses delivered to organs were recorded. Statistics, such as D90, D99, V100, V150, V200, D0.1cc, D1cc, and D2cc were determined. Results: D90 and D99 were lower in 3D treatment planning in comparison with 2D. Although V100 was more in 3D planning, V150 and V200 were less. Analyzing D0.1cc, D1cc, and D2cc of OARs revealed that doses given to rectum, sigmoid, and bladder were less in 3D planning compared to 2D. Conclusions: Comparison of 2D and 3D planning results showed that 3D planning could deliver an appropriate dose to the target while sparing more OARs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) is a stem cell transcription factor and a major regulator of self-renewal and pluripotency of cancer stem cells (CSCs). In many types of cancer, SOX2 is dysregulated due to overexpression associated with tumor progression and low survival rate. Many HCC cases encounter recurrence and metastasis which might be due to CSCs and also apoptosis. Since little is known about the expression pattern of SOX2 and apoptotic genes in HCC, we aimed to determine the prognostic significance of SOX2, Bax, and Bcl-2 in clinicopathological features, tumor progression, and survival rate of the HCC patients. The expression of SOX2, Bax, and Bcl-2 were evaluated using qRT-PCR in 53 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues (FFPE) of patients and 44 controls. Correlation of these genes was analyzed with clinicopathological features and tumor progression. The correlationship between SOX2 expression and ALBI grade as prognostic indicators were calculated. Survival rates were determined by Kaplan-Meier survival curves. SOX2 and Bcl-2 were remarkably overexpressed in HCC patients compared to controls (p = 0.04 and p = 0.003, respectively). A significant association was found for both SOX2 and Bcl-2 overexpression with TNM staging (p = 0.02, p = 0.04) and tumor grading (p = 0.01, p = 0.003), respectively. A significant correlation was observed: patients with SOX2 overexpression had a lower 5-year overall survival rate (p = 0.04); however, there was no significant association between Bcl-2 and survival (p = 0.5). Collectively, overexpression of SOX2 and Bcl-2, alone or combined, may be a potential marker to evaluate prognosis and response to HCC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, a new Z-source inverter inspired by the quasi-inductor-switched Z-source inverter is presented. The new inverter has an acceptable boost factor, and gain voltage compared to the similar Z-source inverter. Also, in this new topology, the capacitors’ voltage stress has been decreased compared to similar inverters. In this converter, a capacitor is replaced with the side diodes of the quasi-Z-source inverter. The input current in this inverter is continuous and it is a low figure that at the moment of switching off about 54 A (V in = 120 V). The high inrush current damages the converter components. The operation of this inverter has been checked in different modes and the voltage and current equations of all elements have been calculated. The new converter can be extended to n-cascade, and it makes to achieve a higher boost factor with a low-duty cycle. The ingredients used in the new topology are fewer than those of the switched-inductor Z-source inverter. The analysis and extraction of all voltage stress such as capacitors, diodes, switches, all currents such as inductors, dc-link average, inrush current, voltage gain and boost factor of the new topology have been done and compared with other structures. The DC-link voltage (Vi ) is 148 V with an input voltage of 120, so the boost factor is 1.43. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]