Search

Objective: To determine the frequency of hirsutism and depression in female patients with Polycystic Ovarian Disease and to investigate the association between depression and hirsutism in such patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Gynecology and Medical Department of Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from Jan to Jun 2022. Methodology: A total of 118 females who fulfiled the inclusion criteria were enroled after taking writen informed consent. Demographic details, clinical history and physical examination findings were noted on a predesigned proforma. Hirsutism was assessed by the Ferriman-Galwey Method and depression was assessed according to Beck Depression Inventory. Findings were noted down on the proforma and were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The mean age of our patients was 32.9±7.09 years, the mean BMI was 26.9±3.13 kg/m2, the mean Beck Depression Inventory value was 10.7±1.38 and the mean Ferriman Galwey Score was 7.8±1.53. Hirsutism was seen in 19(16.1%) patients and depression in 22(18.6%) females. In patients who had hirsutism, depression was seen in 18(94.7%) patients and the association between hirsutism and depression was found to be statisticaly significant with a p-value of <0.001. Conclusion: Hirsutism and depression are frequently present in females with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome both have significant association with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The system presented in this paper can change the energy storage landscape by having the advantages of a compressed air storage system and pump storage, as well as minimizing the disadvantages of these two systems. One of the advantages of this system compared to similar systems is the lack of combustion of natural gas. Correspondingly, for construction, it does not require specific specifications for the executive site, and control of the energy and heat of the system (due to the use of water as an operational fluid) is easier than similar systems. In addition, this system is very scalable and can be designed in low capacities to high capacities, energy analysis of this research to identify the basic and effective parameters of the system and determine the limitations and relationships between them. The amount of energy saved in the current research system compared to previous research is significant, and 92% efficiency can be achieved. The energy analysis of this research determined the effect of the parameters on each other and their limitations so that the path of its feasibility design was paved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon nitride (C2N), a two-dimensional material, is rapidly gaining popularity in the photovoltaic (PV) research community owing to its excellent properties, such as high thermal and chemical stability, non-toxic composition, and low fabrication cost over other thin-film solar cells. This study uses a detailed numerical investigation to explore the influence of C2N-based solar cells with zinc magnesium oxide (Zn1−xMgxO) as a buffer layer. The SCAPS-1D simulator is utilized to examine the performance of four Mg-doped buffer layers (x = 0.0625, 0.125, 0.1875, and 0.25) coupled with the C2N-based absorber layer. The influence of the absorber and buffer layers' band alignment, quantum efficiency, thickness, doping density, defect density, and operating temperature are analyzed to improve the cell performance. Based on the simulations, increasing the buffer layer Mg concentration above x = 0.1875 reduces the device performance. Furthermore, it is found that increasing the absorber layer thickness is desirable for good device efficiency, whereas a doping density above 1015 cm−3 can degrade the cell performance. After optimization of the buffer layer thickness and doping density at 40 nm and 1018 cm−3, the cell displayed its maximum performance. Among the four structures, C2N/Zn0.8125Mg0.1875O demonstrated the highest PCE of 19.01% with a significant improvement in open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit density (Jsc), and fill factor (FF). The recorded results are in good agreement with the standard theoretical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We theoretically demonstrated a class of plasmonic coupled elliptical nanostructure for achieving a spaser or a nanolaser with high intensity. The plasmonic ellipse is made up of gold film substrate. The proposed structure is then trialed for various light polarizations, moreover, a simple elliptical nanostructure has been chosen primarily from which different cases have been formed by geometry alteration. The structure supports strong coupled resonance mode i.e. localized surface plasmon (LSP). The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the investigated system is numerically examined using the finite-element method (FEM). The calculations showed that the LSPR peaks and the local field intensity or near field enhancement (NFE) of the active nanosystem can be amplified to higher values by introducing symmetry-breaking techniques in the proposed ellipse and its variants. The coupled nanostructure having different stages of wavelengths can be excited with different plasmonic resonance modes by the selection of suitable gain media. In addition, a small-sized nanolaser with high tunability range can be developed using this nanostructure. The spaser phenomena are achieved at several wavelengths by changing light polarization and structure alteration methods. Giant localized field enhancement and high LSPR values enable the proposed model to be highly appealing for sensing applications, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and much more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to analyze the influence of ummatic personality (Amanah, ibadah, and ilm) on whistleblowing intentions of employees against wrongdoings occurring in organizations. Using a time-lagged survey, the data was collected from Muslim employees in Lahore, Pakistan. Results using regression and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique indicated that spirituality encourages whistleblowing intention in employees; however, this relationship is not linear, with each component having a differentiated effect on different forms of whistleblowing. This research focused on the predictive role of ummatic personality to reveal that whistleblowing intention is influenced by ummatic personality traits of ibadah, amanah and ilm. However, the relationship was not entirely linear and requires further in-depth analysis. Nevertheless, our findings not only add a new perspective to existing knowledge but also pave way for future research within this stream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study's goal was to examine the mediation of Psychological empowerment in the relationship between Perceived Organizational Support (POS) and Championing Behavior of Information Technology (IT) Professionals. The research aimed to answer the questions regarding the effect of POS on Championing Behavior of IT Professionals with the indirect mediation of Psychological Empowerment. Data were collected from 220 IT professionals in an organizational setting. In contrast, data were collected through a cross-sectional design. Process Hayes model 4 was used for statistical analysis. The results depicted full positive mediation while revealing that POS increases when there is a mediation of Psychological empowerment in it. Additionally, it also explains that championing behavior is affected by organizational behavior and psychological factors. Results highlight HR systems' importance in providing organizational support and empowerment to their employees. This present study will contribute to the research world in a dynamic way. It tells us how we can achieve an environment that will support innovation, change and learning aptitude. In the fast-paced globalized world that is inclined to advancements and changes, we have to be on the pulse of the world and that requires innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports numerical modeling of perovskite solar cell which has been knotted with Distributed Bragg Reflector pairs to extract high energy efficiency. The geometry of the proposed cells is simulated with three different kinds of perovskite materials including CH3NH3PbI3, CH3NH3PbBr3, and CH3NH3SnI3. The toxic perovskite material based on Lead iodide and lead bromide appears to be more efficient as compared to non-toxic perovskite material. The executed simulated photovoltaic parameters with the highest efficient structure are open circuit voltage = 1.409 (V), short circuit current density = 24.09 mA/cm2, fill factor = 86.18%, and efficiency = 24.38%. Moreover, a comparison of the current study with different kinds of structures has been made and surprisingly our novel geometry holds enhanced performance parameters that are featured with back reflector pairs (Si/SiO2). The applied numerical approach and presented designing effort of geometry are beneficial to obtain results that have the potential to address problems with less efficient thin-film solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Less efficient solar cells are a hindrance in the commercialization of thin-film solar cells (TFSCs). Perovskite materials have now been extensively studied as an innovative epoch candidate. They are considered a panacea in the field of photovoltaics, as they levitate the Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) of the device with proper encapsulation of the materials. In this paper, the proffer structures are deliberately devised and reckon for optimizing the thickness of prototypical materials such as Methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) and Methylammonium lead bromide (CH3NH3PbBr3) perovskite, as there is a dire need to extract high conversion efficiency with minimum losses. Moreover, to improve the extraction of electrons and suppress the recombination losses, three Electron Transport Layers (ETLs) were introduced, which help in maintaining the open-circuit voltage (Voc). In addition, this study signifies that the lead iodidebased perovskite structure was found to more efficient as compared to lead bromide. The numerically extracted results after optimizing the structure under Standard Testing Conditions (STC) delivered the highest η of 24.89% with short-circuit current density, Jsc=24.04 mA/cm², open-circuit voltage, VOC =1.31 V and Fill factor, FF=86.76% with an optimum thickness of 580 nm. Moreover, this fact-finding study also throws light on the temperature of the device and discovered result markedly shows that high temperature deteriorates the η of the cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modification of a cell's architecture can enhance the performance parameters. This paper reports on the numerical modeling of a thin-film organic solar cell (OSC) featuring distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) pairs. The utilization of DBR pairs via the proposed method was found to be beneficial in terms of increasing the performance parameters. The extracted results showed that using DBR pairs helps capture the reflected light back into the active region by improving the photovoltaic parameters as compared to the structure without DBR pairs. Moreover, implementing three DBR pairs resulted in the best enhancement gain of 1.076% in power conversion efficiency. The measured results under a global AM of 1.5G were as follows: open circuit voltage (Voc) = 0.839 V; short circuit current density (Jsc) = 10.98 mA/cm2; fill factor (FF) = 78.39%; efficiency (η) = 11.02%. In addition, a thermal stability analysis of the proposed design was performed and we observed that high temperature resulted in a decrease in η from 11.02 to 10.70%. Our demonstrated design may provide a pathway for the practical application of OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water level in a river defines the nature of flow and is fundamental to flood analysis. Extreme fluctuation in water levels in rivers, such as floods and droughts, are catastrophic in every manner; therefore, forecasting at an early stage would prevent possible disasters and relief efforts could be set up on time. This study aims to digitally model the water level in the Kabul River to prevent and alleviate the effects of any change in water level in this river downstream. This study used a machine learning tool known as the automatic autoregressive integrated moving average for statistical methodological analysis for forecasting the river flow. Based on the hydrological data collected from the water level of Kabul River in Swat, the water levels from 2011–2030 were forecasted, which were based on the lowest value of Akaike Information Criterion as 9.216. It was concluded that the water flow started to increase from the year 2011 till it reached its peak value in the year 2019–2020, and then the water level will maintain its maximum level to 250 cumecs and minimum level to 10 cumecs till 2030. The need for this research is justified as it could prove helpful in establishing guidelines for hydrological designers, the planning and management of water, hydropower engineering projects, as an indicator for weather prediction, and for the people who are greatly dependent on the Kabul River for their survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]