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Lycium ruthenicum Murray possesses significant applications in both food and medicine, including antioxidative, anti-tumor, anti-fatigue, anti-inflammatory, and various other effects. Consequently, there has been a surge in research endeavors dedicated to exploring its potential benefits, necessitating the organization and synthesis of these findings. This article systematically reviews the extraction and content determination methods of active substances such as polysaccharides, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and polyphenols in LRM in the past five years, as well as some active ingredient composition determination methods, biological activities, and product development. This review is divided into three main parts: extraction and determination methods, their bioactivity, and product development. Building upon prior research, we also delve into the economic and medicinal value of Lycium ruthenicum Murray, thereby contributing significantly to its further exploration and development. It is anticipated that this comprehensive review will serve as a valuable resource for advancing research on Lycium ruthenicum Murray. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, rose bengal‐derived carbon quantum dots (RB‐CQDs) was synthesized by a one‐step solvothermal method using rose bengal and 1,2‐phenylenediamine as precursors in ethanol at 180 °C for 10 h and purified by silica gel chromatography. The as‐synthesized RB‐CQDs disperses well in water with particle sizes ranging from 0.78 to 2.46 nm and exhibits excitation‐independent yellow fluorescent emission (529 nm), high quantum yield (44.3 %) and good biocompatibility. More importantly, the fluorescence of RB‐CQDs can be selectively quenched by Fe3+ ions with good linear correlation and the detection limit is 19.9 nM. The recoveries of this method in actual water samples are 90 % to 110 % with relative standard deviations less than 5 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although membrane separation technology has been widely used in the treatment of oily wastewater, the complexity and high cost of the membrane preparation, as well as its poor stability, limit its further development. In this study, via the vacuum-assisted suction filtration method, polydopamine (PDA)-coated TiO2 nanoparticles were tightly attached and embedded on both sides of laboratory filter paper (FP). The resultant FP possessed the typical wettability of high hydrophilicity in the air with the water contact angle (WCA) of 28°, superoleophilicity with the oil contact angle (OCA) close to 0°, underwater superoleophobicity with the underwater OCA greater than 150°, and superhydrophobicity under the water with the underoil WCA over 150° for five kinds of organic solvents (carbon tetrachloride, toluene, n-hexane, n-octane, and iso-octane). The separation efficiency of immiscible oil/water, oil-in-water, and water-in-oil emulsions using the modified FP is higher than 99%. After 17 cycles of emulsion separation, a high separation efficiency of 99% was still maintained for the FP, along with good chemical and mechanical stability. In addition, successful separation and purification were also realized for the oil-in-water emulsion that contained the methylene blue (MB) dye, along with the complete degradation of MB in an aqueous solution under UV irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membrane separation is a very promising and economical method for gravitational oil/water separation and the collection of oil spills. Both superhydrophilicity/underwater superhydrophobicity (SHL&UWSOB) and superhydrophobicity/superlipophilicity (SHB&SOL) are suitable materials for the solution. In this work, an ingenious design strategy of "two birds with one stone" to modify Ni foams (NFs) was developed, in which SHL&UWSOB was initially fabricated by the in situ growth of a bimetallic Fe/Ni-MOF on an NF surface by solvothermal synthesis. Further modification based on the resultant SHL&UWSOB-NF led to the construction of a SHB&SOL surface by simple immersion of stearic acid. The micro/nano structure beneficial to underwater superoleophobicity was tailored by optimizing the solvothermal reaction time in the range of 10–24 h. The results showed that SHL&UWSOB-NF was obtained with a high oil contact angle (OCA) of 165.9° under water when the time of the solvothermal reaction was kept at about 18 h. Likewise, the further modified NF exhibited an obvious SHB&SOL property with a water contact angle (WCA) of 156.3° and a water rolling angle (SCA) of 9°. The light oil (n-hexane) floating on the water's surface and heavy oil of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) at the bottom of the water, as well as the mini-separation of oil/water, demonstrated its facile and versatile application as a separation medium. The strategy may offer new approaches for the fabrication of superwetting/superantiwetting separation materials for oil/water separation and oil collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A visible-light-promoted direct thiolation of α-C(sp3)–H in ethers with thiosulfonates was developed for the preparation of α-arylthioethers using easily availably Na2-eosin Y and TBHP as a photocatalyst and oxidant. This reaction occurred smoothly under the irradiation of 5 W blue light at room temperature and generated the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An environmentally friendly strategy for the photo-catalyzed three-component reaction between quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, vinylarenes, with inexpensive and easily accessible ethyl bromodifluoroacetate/sodium difluoromethanesulfinate is described. This protocol exhibits mild conditions, high efficiency, and excellent functional group tolerance, providing a highly efficient approach for the synthesis of difluorobenzylated quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones by the formation of two carbon-carbon bonds. A radical mechanism is responsible for this three-component transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A convenient and efficient copper-catalyzed oxidative arylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with 3-aminoindazoles is developed for the synthesis of cyanoarylated quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones. Notably, 3-aminoindazoles are employed as efficient arylating agents via the cleavage of two C–N bonds. This oxidative arylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones involves a radical process and undergoes a sequence of 3-aminoindazole oxidation, two C–N bond cleavage, and cyanoaryl radical addition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A visible-light-catalyzed difluoroacetylated spirocyclization of N-arylpropiolamides with ethyl bromodifluoroacetate as a CF2CO2Et radical precursor is described. This approach allows the formation of two carbon–carbon bonds and one carbon–oxygen bond in a single reaction through a sequence of C–H oxidative coupling, ipso-cyclization and dearomatization processes. This protocol affords a straightforward route to synthesize CF2CO2Et-containing spiro[4.5]trienones in moderate to good yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A general visible-light-induced catalyst-/additive-free strategy was developed for the construction of various aroylated heterocycles (55 examples, up to 95% yield, including modification of pharmaceuticals and natural products) such as thioflavones, benzimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-6(5H)-ones, indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-6(5H)ones, quaternary 3,3-dialkyl 2-oxindoles, quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, and benzo[e][1,2,3]oxathiazine 2,2-dioxides in a green solvent (dimethyl carbonate) under air and room temperature conditions. This practical acylation process was achieved using 4-acyl-1,4-dihydropyridines (acyl-DHPs) as acylating reagents under mild conditions, avoiding the use of catalysts, bases, additional oxidants, and traditional organic solvents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A practical and efficient synthetic route to construct a variety of 3-arylselenenyl/3-arylthio spiro[4.5]trienones was developed using Selectfluor reagent as a mild oxidant. This reaction proceeds via a sequence of electrophilic cation addition, spirocyclization and dearomatization, then offers an approach to introduce Se/S-centered cation into the C–C triple bonds. The utility of this protocol were justified by the excellent compatibility of a wide range of functional groups, good yields and scalability under mild reaction conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design and fabrication of Janus interface materials as diodes for both liquids and gases are a great challenge in the field of materials science. Here, a Janus titanium mesh with superhydrophobicity and high oleophobicity was fabricated using economical and environmentally friendly electrochemical etching and wet-chemistry methods. Switchable, spontaneous, and unidirectional transport ability for both water and oil fluids was realized in the smart mesh by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Unidirectional fluid transport only occurred for fluids with specific surface tension values, and the fluid selectivity was dependent on the UV irradiation time. Underwater bubble unidirectional permeation through the mesh was also achieved using a mesh irradiated for approximately 7 h. More importantly, the mechanism is proposed and elucidated in detail, and the proposed mechanism can more reasonably explain the antigravity unidirectional transport of liquid droplets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present study, a novel glutathione functionalized MoS 2 quantum dots (GSH-MoS 2 QDs) was synthesized from sodium molybdate dehydrate and glutathione by using a one-pot hydrothermal method. After they were characterized, the influence of GSH-MoS 2 QDs on amyloid aggregation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by various analytical methods including thioflavin T fluorescence assay, circular dichroism and transmission electron microscope. Moreover, the effect of GSH-MoS 2 QDs on cytotoxicity induced by BSA amyloid fibrils and cell penetration were evaluated by MTT assay and confocal fluorescence imaging, respectively. The results indicated that the GSH-MoS 2 QDs not only had good water solubility, excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity, but also could obviously inhibit the aggregation of BSA and depolymerize the formed BSA aggregates. The data obtained from this work demonstrated that the GSH-MoS 2 QDs is expected to become a candidate drug for the treatment of amyloid-related diseases. • A novel GSH-MoS 2 QDs was synthesized by one-pot hydrothermal approach. • The as-prepared QDs can inhibit BSA aggregation and depolymerize BSA fibrils. • The QDs exhibits good biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity and cell permeability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Providing a useful way to understand the detailed mechanism of the Brønsted acid-catalyzed reactions. • Controlling the chemoselectivity of reaction by a thermodynamical equilibrium. • Investigating the role of catalyst by DFT calculations. The possible mechanisms of [4 + 3] cyclization of N,N′-cyclic azomethine imine with isatoic anhydride catalyzed by a Brønsted acid catalyst have been investigated by performing DFT calculations. The calculated results show that the most energetically favorable pathway mainly includes (1) nucleophilic attack on isatoic anhydride, (2) the decarboxylation process, (3) formation of seven-membered N-heterocycle, (4) rearrangement of C−N bond, (5) transfer of hydrogen bond, (6) breaking of C−N bond, (7) formation of a new C−N bond. Furthermore, the chemoselectivity of reaction involving the transformation between two isomer products is controlled by a thermodynamical equilibrium of the reassembly of the C−N bond, which can be promoted by Brønsted acid catalyst in kinetics. This work should be useful for understanding the detailed mechanism and chemoselectivity of the Brønsted acid-catalyzed reactions. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A photoexcited sulfenylation of C(sp 3 )-H bonds in amides is developed for the synthesis of sulfenyl amides using thiosulfonates as a sulfur source. In the presence of easily available and inexpensive Na 2 -eosin Y, TBHP and K 2 CO 3 , various sulfenyl amides can be obtained under the irradiation of blue light at room temperature.

The Ce(III)-photocatalyzed synthesis of amides from carboxylic acids and aryl isocyanates was developed. The reaction includes the formation of alkyl radicals from carboxylic acids followed by radical addition to the electron-deficient carbon of isocyanate.

The mechanistic understanding of catalytic radical reactions currently lags behind the flourishing development of new types of catalytic activation. Herein, an innovative single electron transfer (SET) model has been expanded by using the nonadiabatic crossing integrated with the rate-determining step of 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reaction to provide the control mechanism of radical decay dynamics through calculating excited-state relaxation paths of a paradigm example of the amide-directed distal sp 3 C-H bond alkylation mediated by Ir-complex-based photocatalysts. The stability of carbon radical intermediates, the functional hindrance associated with the back SET, and the energy inversion between the reactive triplet and closed-shell ground states were verified to be key factors in improving catalytic efficiency via blocking radical inhibition. The expanded SET model associated with the dynamic behaviors and kinetic data could guide the design and manipulation of visible-light-driven inert bond activation by the utilization of photocatalysts bearing more or less electron-withdrawing groups and the comprehensive considerations of kinetic solvent effects and electron-withdrawing effects of substrates.

A visible-light-induced decarboxylation reaction was developed for the synthesis of alkylated benzimidazo[2,1- a ]isoquinoline-6(5 H )-ones and indolo[2,1- a ]isoquinolin-6(5 H )-ones under metal-free conditions. Impressively, metal catalysts and traditionally volatile organic solvents could be effectively avoided.