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Optical fiber sensors that have a compact size and the capability for multi-parameter sensing are desired in various applications. This article reports a miniaturized optical fiber Fabry-Perot interferometric sensor with a length of hundreds of µm that is able to simultaneously measure variations of curvature, temperature, and strain. The sensor is easy to fabricate, requiring only the fusion splicing of a short section of the silica capillary tube between two single-mode fibers (SMFs). The combined mechanism of the Fabry-Perot interference occurred in the two interfaces between the capillary and the SMFs, and the antiresonant guidance induced by the capillary tube makes the device capable of realizing multi-parameter sensing. A simplified coefficient matrix approach is developed to decouple the contributions from different parameters. In addition, the capability of the device for multiplexing is investigated, where four such prototypes with different air cavity lengths are multiplexed in a system in parallel. The spectral behavior of an individual device for measuring curvature and strain is reconstructed and investigated, showing reliable responses and little crosstalk between different devices. The proposed device is easy to fabricate, cost-effective, robust, and could find potential applications in the field of structural health monitoring and medical and human–machine interactive sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the most widespread and devastating viral diseases worldwide. The genetic architecture of qualitative resistance to SMV in soybean remains unclear. Here, the Rsvg2 locus was identified as underlying soybean resistance to SMV by genome‐wide association and linkage analyses. Fine mapping results showed that soybean resistance to SMV strains G2 and G3 was controlled by a single dominant gene, GmST1, on chromosome 13, encoding a sulfotransferase (SOT). A key variation at position 506 in the coding region of GmST1 associated with the structure of the encoded SOT and changed SOT activity levels between RSVG2‐S and RSVG2‐R alleles. In RSVG2‐S allele carrier "Hefeng25", the overexpression of GmST1 carrying the RSVG2‐R allele from the SMV‐resistant line "Dongnong93‐046" conferred resistance to SMV strains G2 and G3. Compared to Hefeng25, the accumulation of SMV was decreased in transgenic plants carrying the RSVG2‐R allele. SMV infection differentiated both the accumulation of jasmonates and expression patterns of genes involved in jasmonic acid (JA) signalling, biosynthesis and catabolism in RSVG2‐R and RSVG2‐S allele carriers. This characterization of GmST1 suggests a new scenario explaining soybean resistance to SMV. GmST1, encoding a sulfotransferase (SOT), was isolated from Rsvg2 locus underlying soybean resistance to mosaic virus (SMV). A key variation in the coding region of GmST1 changed the structure of the encoded SOT between the RSVG2‐S and RSVG2‐R alleles. The overexpression of GmST1 carrying the RSVG2‐R allele conferred resistance to SMV strains G2 and G3. GmST1 mediated SMV resistance was related to genes involved in JA signaling, biosynthesis and catabolism pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • IGFBP-rp expression was assessed in the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. • PtIGFBP-rp and PtIAG share similarity in expression patterns during AG development. • PtIGFBP-rp may be involved in IAG signaling network by direct or indirect regulation of PtIAG gene. The insulin-like growth factor/insulin-like polypeptide (IGF/ILP) signaling is vital for growth, physiological metabolism, development, and reproduction. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP) is involved in the insulin signaling pathway in both vertebrates and invertebrates and is critical for various physiology functions. Herein, we cloned and characterized the full-length cDNA of IGFBP-rp in the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus (PtIGFBP-rp). The deduced amino acid sequence of PtIGFBP-rp was found to contain three key domains (insulin-like binding (IB) domain, the kazale-type serine protease inhibitor (KAZAL) domain, and the immunoglobulin-like C2 (IGc2) domain). Results showed that PtIGFBP-rp shared the same expression pattern as P. trituberculatus insulin androgenic gland hormone (PtIAG) transcripts during the embryonic larval, juvenile crab stage and the androgenic gland (AG) developmental cycle. Moreover, PtIGFBP-rp transcripts were also present in high abundance in hepatopancreas, muscle, and androgenic glands. The regulatory relationship between PtIGFBP-rp and PtIAG was investigated by RNA interference and co-localization assays, which showed a co-localization relationship and feedback regulation between them. Bilateral eye stalk ablation (ESA) increased the expression of PtIGFBP-rp in the AG at 7 d after surgery. These results demonstrate the involvement of PtIGFBP-rp in the signaling regulatory network of IAG in P. trituberculatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertrophic scarring is a fibro-proliferative disorder caused by abnormal cutaneous wound healing. Circulating metabolites and the gut microbiome may be involved in the formation of these scars, but high-quality evidence of causality is lacking. To assess whether circulating metabolites and the gut microbiome contain genetically predicted modifiable risk factors for hypertrophic scar formation. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed using MR-Egger, inverse-variance weighting (IVW), Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier, maximum likelihood, and weighted median methods. Based on the genome-wide significance level, genetically predicted uridine (P = 0.015, odds ratio [OR] = 1903.514, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.280-846,616.433) and isovalerylcarnitine (P = 0.039, OR = 7.765, 95% CI 1.106-54.512) were positively correlated with hypertrophic scar risk, while N-acetylalanine (P = 0.013, OR = 7.98E-10, 95% CI 5.19E-17-0.012) and glycochenodeoxycholate (P = 0.021, OR = 0.021 95% CI 0.003-0.628) were negatively correlated. Gastranaerophilales and two unknown gut microbe species (P = 0.031, OR = 0.378, 95% CI 0.156-0.914) were associated with an decreased risk of hypertrophic scarring. Circulating metabolites and gut microbiome components may have either positive or negative causal effects on hypertrophic scar formation. The study provides new insights into strategies for diagnosing and limiting hypertrophic scarring., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Bivalves are species-rich mollusks with prominent protective roles in coastal ecosystems. Across these ancient lineages, colony-founding larvae anchor themselves either by byssus production or by cemented attachment. The latter mode of sessile life is strongly molded by left-right shell asymmetry during larval development of Ostreoida oysters such as Crassostrea hongkongensis. Here, we sequenced the genome of C. hongkongensis in high resolution and compared it to reference bivalve genomes to unveil genomic determinants driving cemented attachment and shell asymmetry. Importantly, loss of the homeobox gene Antennapedia (Antp) and broad expansion of lineage-specific extracellular gene families are implicated in a shift from byssal to cemented attachment in bivalves. Comparative transcriptomic analysis shows a conspicuous divergence between left-right asymmetrical C. hongkongensis and symmetrical Pinctada fucata in their expression profiles. Especially, a couple of orthologous transcription factor genes and lineage-specific shell-related gene families including that encoding tyrosinases are elevated, and may cooperatively govern asymmetrical shell formation in Ostreoida oysters., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Cultivated chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat.) is a beloved ornamental crop due to the diverse capitula types among varieties, but the molecular mechanism of capitulum development remains unclear. Here, we report a 2.60 Gb chromosome-scale reference genome of C. lavandulifolium, a wild Chrysanthemum species found in China, Korea and Japan. The evolutionary analysis of the genome revealed that only recent tandem duplications occurred in the C. lavandulifolium genome after the shared whole genome triplication (WGT) in Asteraceae. Based on the transcriptomic profiling of six important developmental stages of the radiate capitulum in C. lavandulifolium, we found genes in the MADS-box, TCP, NAC and LOB gene families that were involved in disc and ray floret primordia differentiation. Notably, NAM and LOB30 homologs were specifically expressed in the radiate capitulum, suggesting their pivotal roles in the genetic network of disc and ray floret primordia differentiation in chrysanthemum. The present study not only provides a high-quality reference genome of chrysanthemum but also provides insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the diverse capitulum types in chrysanthemum., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.)

The iconic phenotype of seadragons includes leaf-like appendages, a toothless tubular mouth, and male pregnancy involving incubation of fertilized eggs on an open "brood patch." We de novo-sequenced male and female genomes of the common seadragon ( Phyllopteryx taeniolatus ) and its closely related species, the alligator pipefish ( Syngnathoides biaculeatus ). Transcription profiles from an evolutionary novelty, the leaf-like appendages, show that a set of genes typically involved in fin development have been co-opted as well as an enrichment of transcripts for potential tissue repair and immune defense genes. The zebrafish mutants for scpp5 , which is lost in all syngnathids, were found to lack or have deformed pharyngeal teeth, supporting the hypothesis that the loss of scpp5 has contributed to the loss of teeth in syngnathids. A putative sex-determining locus encoding a male-specific amhr2y gene shared by common seadragon and alligator pipefish was identified., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).)

This publisher's note contains corrections to Opt. Lett.46, 2714 (2021).OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.428001.