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Climate change exhibits a clear trend of escalating frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, posing heightened risks to drainage systems along the existing road networks. However, very few studies to date have investigated the consequences of projected future changes in rainfall on main road drainage and the resulting risk of road flooding. The work presented in this paper builds on the limited research by introducing a probabilistic model for assessing the impact of climate change on road drainage systems, incorporating climate uncertainty and drainage system variation. The probabilistic scenario-based model and associated framework offer a practical and innovative method for estimating the impact of short-duration storms under future climates for 2071–2100, in the absence of fine-resolution spatio-temporal data. The model also facilitates the assessment of the effectiveness of a climate adaptation strategy. An illustrative case-study of a road drainage system located in the south of Ireland is presented. It was found that the probability of road flooding during intense rainfall is projected to surpass the current acceptable limits set by Irish standards. Assessment of a proactive climate adaptation strategy implemented in 2015 indicated it may need to be adjusted to further reduce climate change impacts and optimise adaptation costs. • Climate change can impact extreme rainfall patterns, and resulting road flooding. • A flooding model is developed incorporating climate and drainage system uncertainty. • A quantitative climate risk analysis framework is proposed for road drainage. • The effectiveness of a climate adaptation strategy adopted in Ireland is quantified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global consensus is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and actively respond to climate change (CC). Global warming has irreversibly altered the Earth's ecosystems. Unpredictable extreme weather events caused by CC are posing new risks to urban infrastructure. Infrastructure is one of the primary guarantees to maintain the stable operation of the city. Therefore, it is imperative to strengthen the climate resilience of infrastructure to avoid the loss of life and property caused by climate risks. This paper uses CiteSpace to analyze data in the field of climate resilience infrastructure (CRI) over the past 25 years. We find that global CRI research has transitioned through three stages. According to the geographic spatial distribution map drawn by ArcGIS, it can be found that developed countries account for a relatively large number of documents. The research institution is dominated by institutions of higher learning, with limited cooperation between institutions and loose organizational collaboration. CRI is composed of multi-disciplinary collaborative development, from a single discipline of environmental ecology or water resources to a research field integrating engineering, meteorology, sustainability, and energy. Urban resilience and Nature-based solutions are research hotspots. Small Island Developing States are major objects in the future. The research emphasis has shifted from addressing the multiple problems caused by CC to increasing the climate resilience of infrastructure to enhance the resistance of urban systems. Renewable energy and climate models are applied to infrastructure construction. In general, CRI is a effective measure that can help reduce environmental pollution, carbon emissions, and global climate regulation. In addition, we suggest taking cities as pilot projects in the future, increasing CRI projects and providing policy guidance for urban planning and construction. • Research on global climate resilience infrastructure has gone through three stages. • Multi-field collaboration is the future trend of climate resilience infrastructure. • Urban resilience and Nature-based solutions are research hotspots. • Climate resilient infrastructure is a sustainable solution. • Climate resilient infrastructure can improve urban resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]