1. A systematic literature review for some toxic metals in widely consumed rice types (domestic and imported) in Iran: Human health risk assessment, uncertainty and sensitivity analysis.
- Author
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Sharafi, Kiomars, Yunesian, Masud, Nodehi, Ramin Nabizadeh, Mahvi, Amir Hossein, and Pirsaheb, Meghdad
- Subjects
HEAVY metals ,HEALTH risk assessment ,ARSENIC ,META-analysis ,LITERATURE reviews ,SENSITIVITY analysis - Abstract
In present study we aimed to investigate the literature in the form of systematic review to determinate the concentrations of some toxic metals (arsenic, lead, and cadmium) in widely consumed rice brands in Iran and their related health risks. International and Iranian national databases were searched carefully with appropriate keywords for papers on toxic metal contamination of rice from Agust-2000 to Agust-2018. Initially, 560 articles were found, of which only the 50 papers fit the inclusion criteria and were selected for further analysis. The Monte Carlo Simulation was applied to generate missing data (mean, standard deviation, data distribution and sample size) of toxic metal concentration in some papers. Then, statistical analysis, health risk assessment, and uncertainty and sensitivity analysis were performed. The results indicated that approximately 88% of rice consumed in Iran (including Iranian, Pakistani and Indian rice) do not meet the national standard and WHO/FAO guideline requirements and their related health risks are unacceptable. The risks of arsenic and lead in Indian rice and cadmium in Iranian rice were considerably higher than others. In conclusion, according to our findings, In conclusion, it is necessary to prevent toxic metals contamination of rice by modifying cultivation patterns and, also, prevent low-quality rice brands to be imported. Image 1 • We made a literature investigation on toxic metals in rice consumed in Iran. • The rice consumed in Iran can't meet national standard and WHO/FAO guideline. • Estimated health risk of widely-used rice in Iran is higher than acceptable level. • The arsenic and lead in Indian rice and cadmium in Iranian rice were remarkable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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