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Abstract People with intellectual disabilities have few opportunities to actively participate in research affecting programs and policies. Employment of participatory action research has been recommended. Although use of this approach with people who have intellectual disabilities is growing, articles on specific participatory research methods are rare. Photovoice is a participatory method often used with underrepresented groups and is effective for engaging people with intellectual disabilities in research or program development. A literature review is presented for use with this population as is a description of Photovoice as a participatory research tool for engaging people with intellectual disabilities. An example of a participatory study among people with intellectual disabilities is provided. Benefits and challenges of employing Photovoice with this population are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information on the life course studies of siblings with developmental disabilities. The sibling relationship constitutes the longest lasting family tie, beginning with the birth of the younger sibling and ending with the death of one member of the sibling pair. Siblings share a common family heritage, both genetically and experientially, and perhaps for this reason, the sibling relationship is normatively characterized as egalitarian, reciprocal, and mutual. In addition, there may be less genetic and experiential similarity between members of the sib-pair and less egalitarianism and reciprocal exchange due to unequal abilities and patterns of life course outcomes. However, there may also be greater continuity in contact across the life course when the sibling has a developmental disability. A growing body of research on adult sibling relationships when one individual has a developmental disability suggests that, in general, these siblings tend to maintain high levels of involvement across the life course, although there is variability in the degree of contact and closeness.

Presents information on the sense of happiness, well-being and character strengths in people with disabilities. Fact that breaking tradition with the usual focus on what is wrong with these people, the growing field of positive psychology instead asks what contributes to people doing well and being happy; Fact that positive psychology aims to more fully understand such positive states as hope, gratitude, satisfaction, flow, engagement, virtues, purpose, and meaning; Information on the researchers examining the families of children with mental retardation who have long assumed a psychopathological orientation.

Historically, research and practice in physical disability have emphasized the destructive and disabling consequences of illness and injury. More recently, we have begun to measure outcomes related to health, satisfaction, and quality-of-life. There has been little systematic attention to the study of happiness, felicitude, but data show that even for many of the people with most notable impairment, levels of happiness are high. The quest for felicitude requires methodological changes and, more significantly, greater professional humility to appreciate that people with both physical and intellectual impairments are able to experience and articulate their own satisfaction, pleasure, and joy. Fortified with this unpretentiousness, we can find happiness and begin to incorporate it as an outcome of clinical and public health programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Happiness is a concept reflecting general satisfaction with one's life and with oneself, not necessarily congruent with objective indicators. A most important ingredient is a positive self-image, depending, in turn, on positive perception of self as compared to one's peers and to the expectations of important figures in one's life. This requires understanding of personal strengths and constructive acceptance of limitations. Helping individuals develop subjective self-satisfaction should be the goal in any treatment program, achieved through direct therapeutic interventions as well as environmental supports (e.g., provision of opportunities for success). It is essential that service providers differentiate between their own values, goals, and administrative requirements and the individual's personal preferences and wishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a comparative study which focuses on the treatment of mildly mentally retarded adults in the U.S. for psychosomatic complaints using a multiple-baseline format across types of behavior and therapists. Subjects were matched with persons who are not having the disorder in order to establish the clinical significance in frequency of psychosomatic complaints. Frequencies of the target behavior were decreased and maintained during follow-up.

The authors reflect on the growth attenuation research results of Gunther and Dickema, and also of Brosco and Feudtner. A perspective is offered regarding the medical community's involvement for these issues regarding quality of life for the disabled. Involuntary institutionalization and sterilization are some historically regrettable medical solutions.

Research shows that self-determination and the right to make life choices are key elements for a meaningful and independent life. Yet, older adults and people with disabilities are often placed in overly broad and restrictive guardianships, denying them their right to make daily life choices about where they live and who they interact with, their finances, and their health care. Supported decision-making (SDM)--where people use trusted friends, family members, and professionals to help them understand the situations and choices they face, so they may make their own decisions--is a means for increasing self-determination by encouraging and empowering people to make decisions about their lives to the maximum extent possible. This article examines the implications of overly broad guardianship and the potential for supported decision-making to address such circumstances. It introduces the National Resource Center for Supported Decision-Making as one means to advance the use of supported decision-making and increase self-determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]