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Eastern China, a populous and economically developed area, is severely affected by various meteorological disasters under the background of global climate change. In recent years, urban waterlogs caused by heavy rainfall has become a major concern threatening urban safety and socioeconomic development. This paper aimed to reveal the spatial pattern of waterlogging risk in 89 prefecture-level cities of Eastern China by a comprehensive analysis on extreme rainfall, socioeconomic exposure and urban adaptability. Hazard intensity index was calculated on 20-year return period value of maximum daily precipitation. Exposure index was based on the total urban population and local gross domestic product, while adaptability index was an integrated evaluation of drainage pipeline density, river network density and greening rate of urban area. Risk assessment was a synthesis judgment of hazard intensity index, exposure index and urban adaptability index, according to which the cities in Eastern China were classified into five risk levels. The six cities with the highest level of waterlogging risk were Shenzhen, Beijing, Maoming, Yangjiang, Shanwei and Dongguan, which indicates relatively stronger intensity of meteorological hazard, higher density of socioeconomic exposure and the weakness of urban adaptability in these cities. The high risk cities would suffer much more losses than other cities in Eastern China when hit by an extreme rainfall. This paper could provide a scientific basis for urban waterlogging risk identification and governance, as well as for technical measures development and capacity building of disaster prevention and reduction. • A research framework and technical methods for urban waterlogging risk assessment were proposed. • An indicator system for waterlogging risk assessment was raised based on hazard, exposure and adaptability factors. • Urban adaptability of waterlogging disaster was evaluated based on drainage pipelines, river networks and greening level. • Taking Eastern China as a pilot, the paper presented a city risk ranking for urban waterlogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the national nutrition crisis and the adjustment of planting structure, millet has once again become a widely planted cash crop in Northern China. However, as the climate warms in recent years, drought has occurred frequently and repeatedly in Northern China, which has seriously threatened millet production safety in this area. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the hazard of millet drought disaster and provide reference for the formulation of millet disaster prevention and reduction measures. In this paper, combined with the water demand of millet in each growth period, Standardized Precipitation Requirement Index (SPRI) was selected to identify and quantify the drought disaster of millet. Considering the impact of different degrees of drought in different growth periods, a hazard assessment model is constructed to evaluate the hazard of millet drought disaster in Northern China under the background of climate change. The results show that: (1) SPRI can well characterize the drought of millet in Northern China. (2) In the context of climate change, millet drought in Northern China shows a trend of increasing intensity and decreasing frequency, and it is possible that millet drought will be even more severe in the future. (3) Combined with the hazard assessment model, millet drought in Northern China will still be dominated by middle hazard in the future, but the areas with high hazard will gradually increase, mainly distributed in northeast China, central and western Inner Mongolia and northern Gansu. The research results can be of great practical significance for the adjustment of agricultural production structure in the future, especially for the sustainable development of agriculture and the formulation of measures to prevent and resist agricultural disasters. [Display omitted] • We apply SPRI to identify millet drought by considering actual water demand. • Future changes of millet drought evaluated by CMIP6-GCM models. • Hazard assessment model was presented combined with disaster loss coefficient. • The areas with high hazard of millet drought will gradually increase in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The hazardous chemical accidents remain a matter of major concern. However, there is a dearth of practical measures about the emergency management of hazardous chemicals leakage. Therefore, in order to provide more accurate management plan, quantitative risk assessment has become a critical issue in chemical industry. The main aim of this study is to quantify the risk of hazardous chemicals leakage, and take precautions against the accidents. In this study, a Fire-Explosion-Poisoning Quantitative Probability Model (FEPQPM) has been established. The paper introduced the probability analysis methods to analyze derivative accidents caused by hazardous chemicals leakage, established quantitative risk assessment models, and made acceptable risk level analysis. This model has been applied to quantitatively assess an enterprise’s storage tank at Changshou Chemical Industrial Distripark (CID) in Chongqing, China. Evaluation results are in line with the actual situation of the CID. It is shown that the probability of poisoning is very large, causing more economic loss than the other two types of accidents, and death toll of leakage accident increases over time, resulting in greater economic losses. The risk level of leakage accident involving poisoning is unacceptable. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Keep in pace with the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the 2010 Shanghai Expo, engineering events of different types and sizes are coming to China more than it had ever happened during years. Obviously, these could all cause safety problems. To organize the event perfectly, a lot of questions occur: How to provide the best safety to everyone participate in our event? How to deal with the emergencies during the event? These questions are the most important element of holding a successful event. This paper discusses the necessity of engineering risk management during events. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Floods are indeed one of the most serious natural hazards for human societies, especially in China. In this paper, we firstly introduce the interior-outer-set model (IOSM) based on information diffusion theory in detail. Then taking consideration its deficiencies, we represent the diffused-interior-outer-set model (DIOSM) to obtain the possibility–probability distribution (PPD). Based on the PPD, we analyze and calculate the risk results. To illustrate the procedure of the proposed method, we apply DIOSM to describe the flood disaster risk quantitatively in China by using statistical data respectively, such as the time of floods, the number of the deaths as well as the economic losses each year from 1990 to 2009. The outcomes of this research offer new insights and moreover new possibility to carry out an efficient way for various future flood disaster prevention and mitigation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: As crises happen more frequently and in bigger magnitudes in urban communities, disaster prevention and disaster mitigation become increasingly more important. One useful preventive measure is for community members to report relevant risk information before an actual crisis occurs. This paper presents a Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) system called Collaborative Risk Map System (CRMS), which is community based and through which local residents can report risk information of crisis events and share the information in disaster mitigation. Although the Internet and mobile phones are the preferred methods for public participation due to their convenience and ease of use, the feedback information needs to be filtered before usage, so we designed a credibility model to filter out the mendacious information. A risk model of crisis events is also proposed which transformed the static pre-planning to dynamic and timely risk map as a result of public participation. The risk state of the community and reliable risk feedback is displayed on the map using Oracle Spatial technology so that public can see the risk information visually. Through the analysis of risk information, the community can directly access reliable risk information easily and can prepare for it immediately. Most importantly, decision-makers can get the most up-to-date risk information and do more accurate risk analysis so as to make better informed decisions. We demonstrate the prototype system by selecting 20 places to be a community in Chengguan district in Lanzhou, the capital city in Gansu Province, China and selecting fire risk to evaluate its effectiveness and efficiency. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Ill-considered urban planning around Niwan gully may multiply the human and economic losses caused by debris flows. • A depth-integrated model was adopted to determine the hazard zones of debris flows with different recurrence intervals. • The debris flow inundation and evolutionary trajectory are shown to be reasonably comparable with historical debris flows. • This study established a relatively complete system to implement hazard and risk assessment in the study area. The highly geologically active, structurally complex Bailongjiang river basin, Longnan City, Gansu Province hosts many debris-flow gullies. The recent Wenchuan and Jiuzhaigou earthquakes have increased the amount of source material available in these debris flow gullies, and the disturbed nature of the slopes makes them prone to failure under high rainfall, increasing the risk of large-scale debris flows. Moreover, poor urban planning in the region may multiply the human and economic losses caused by debris flows. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the potential hazard zones associated with such debris flows and to implement debris flow hazard and risk assessment. In this paper, Niwan gully is chosen as the study object, as it is characterized by repeated debris flow outbreaks and an ill-considered urban planning at the outlet of the gully. A depth-integrated continuum method is adopted to determine the potential hazard zones of debris flows with different recurrence intervals. The debris flow inundation and evolutionary trajectory are shown to be reasonably comparable with historical debris flows. A two-factor model that couples maximum flow depth with momentum is used to better classify the hazard zones. This study also provides a complete and efficient means to determine the values of debris flow parameters and to implement a hazard and risk assessment based on the solid material reserve method and a probabilistic method. This proposed approach efficiently generated a debris flow risk distribution map that can be used for effective disaster prevention in the Bailongjiang River basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]