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In bearings-only tracking (BOT), the accuracy of state estimation significantly diminishes when confronted with an unknown target motion model. Therefore, this study proposed a novel continuous-discrete filtering algorithm, the neural ordinary differential equations-based continuous-discrete extended Kalman filtering (NODE-CD-EKF). The approach utilizes the neural ordinary differential equation (NODE) to build the target's system model, which is then used in the time update to precisely predict the target state at the next time point within the continuous-discrete Kalman framework. The NODE concisely and accurately describes the motion model in the form of ordinary differential equations in a data-driven way. This approach addresses the limitations of traditional Kalman filters, which suffer from degraded performance due to a lack of a precise mathematical model of target states. Our method is evaluated and compared to existing multiple-model and other data-driven algorithms in simulations of BOT and another scenario using the Accumulated Root Mean Square Error (ARMSE) of position. The ARMSE of our method is only 16.30 % of the multiple-model methods at least. Overall, this approach outperforms other multiple-model and data-driven algorithms and possesses the potential for solving other nonlinear tasks in real-world applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Higher Ce loading capacity obtained from embedding method. • Excellent performance with defluoridation capacity of 109.88 mg·g−1. • Better adsorption selectivity than commercial AA. • The maximum column treatment of 1782 BV for F− can be reached. Efficient defluoridation utilizing current hybrid nano-oxides remains a great challenge because of low loading capacity and hindered nucleation during immobilization. In this study, a new adsorbent for defluoridation was developed by encapsulating nanosized cerium oxides within a cross-linked network of cellulose foam using an embedding method. The controllable structure, uniform dispersion, and high content of NCO endowed the composite with high efficiency for fluoride removal. The batch adsorption experiments exhibited a broad pH range (2.0–6.0) for optimal fluoride adsorption and confirmed that NCO@CF had a maximum adsorption capacity of 109.88 mg·g−1 at pH 4.0, which was much higher than that of other materials. Exceptional adsorption selectivity was also observed, indicating strong attraction between NCO@CF and fluoride ions, even at high concentrations of competing ions. X-ray photoelectron spectrogram and the Fourier transform infrared spectra analyses suggested that the defluoridation mechanism involved ligand exchange and inner-sphere complexation between NCO@CF and fluoride. Batch adsorption–regeneration cycles demonstrated that NCO@CF could be effectively and consistently regenerated using an alkaline solution. In fixed-bed adsorption experiments, remarkable working capacities of 1782 and 480 bed volume were observed for NCO@CF at pH 4.0 and 6.0, respectively. The findings of this study provide insights into the practical application of hybrid NCO in efficient defluoridation from water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homogenous ultra-fine SnO 2 /TiO 2 particles encapsulated into carbon nanofibers (SnO 2 /TiO 2 @CNFs) with a uniform and ordered one-dimensional fibrous structure are fabricated through facile electrospinning technique and subsequent heat treatments, which are confirmed by XRD, Raman, TG, SEM, TEM, and XPS analyses. The battery performance reveals that the SnO 2 /TiO 2 @CNFs-1.5:1 (1.5:1 denotes the mole ratio of SnO 2 to TiO 2 in the carbon nanofibers) electrode displays the optimal electrochemical properties among the whole samples, which can deliver the initial charge and discharge specific capacity of 1061.2 and 1494.8 mAh/g with a coulombic efficiency of 71.0% at 100 mA/g, and exhibit a remarkable specific capacity of 766.1 mAh/g after 200 cycles. Moreover, the SnO 2 /TiO 2 @CNFs-1.5:1 electrode displays a high pseudocapacitive contribution of 73.9% at the scan rate of 2 mV/s and the lithium ion diffusion coefficient of approximately 1.20 × 10−15 cm2 s−1. The excellent electrochemical performance of the SnO 2 /TiO 2 @CNFs-1.5:1 electrode is closely correlated with the synergetic effect of the proper amount of TiO 2 that enhances the electrochemical stability of the electrode and provides fractional capacity, and the flexible and conductive carbon nanofiber matrix that accommodates volume changes and increases overall electronic conductivity. The detailed investigations of the as-prepared electrode materials by a facile electrospinning process may pave possible instructions for the next generation SnO 2 -based anodes and other related electrospun anodes for the energy storage device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CA can significantly change the dynamic patterns of the electrical-mechanical coupling. • CPR is an effective way to improve the dynamics of cardiovascular function after CA. • The electrical-mechanical coupling is an indicator of cardiovascular dynamics during CPR. Cardiac arrest (CA) remains a significant cause of death and disability. High-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can improve the survival rate of CA. A challenging issue is to find physiological indicators for screening and evaluating the cardiovascular function associated with CPR. This study aimed to investigate the electrical-mechanical dynamic coupling between electrocardiographic (ECG) and photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals for indicating cardiovascular function in the progress of CPR. The ECG and PPG signals were simultaneously collected from a porcine CA model (n = 10) induced by ventricular fibrillation, and were further divided into four periods: Baseline, CA, CPR , and recovery of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Recurrence quantitative analysis (RQA) was applied to examine the nonlinear dynamics of the ECG and PPG signals individually, and cross recurrence quantitative analysis (CRQA) was used to examine the ECG-PPG dynamical coupling. The CA influenced the dynamic patterns of electrical and mechanical activities and the electrical-mechanical coupling, which can be observed from the reduced entropy (ENTR) (p < 0.01), reduced determinism (DET) (p < 0.01) and reduced trapping time (TT) (p < 0.01) at CA compared to Baseline. The recurrence rate (RR), ENTR, DET, and TT at CPR were significantly lower than the parameters at ROSC but higher than those at CA. The electrical-mechanical dynamical coupling was sensitive to CPR and able to reflect the changes in cardiac function in the process of CPR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ce-MOF is used as a molecular probe of RRS to quantitatively detect trace formaldehyde. • Formaldehyde derivative and Ce-MOF were coupled to generate energy transfer. • This method aims to combine the traditional spectrophotometric with the existing RRS technology. • A convenient detection of trace formaldehyde is realized. Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a widespread toxic pollutant, and the content of formaldehyde in food directly affects human health. Therefore, it is particularly important to establish and develop a rapid and accurate method for the determination of trace formaldehyde to ensure food safety. Metal-organic framework (MOF) has the characteristics of both organic and inorganic materials, which can be applied in various fields. What's more, Cerium (Ce) is the most abundant rare earth element. So far, it has no report about using Ce-MOF as a molecular probe of resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS). The purpose of this research is to establish a new method for formaldehyde by combining the highly selective acetylacetone reaction with the sensitive RRS technology. When formaldehyde is added, acetylacetone reacts with it to form a complex (DDL), which acts as an accepter. There is a RRS-energy transfer (ET) between the DDL and Ce-MOF (act as the donor) because of spectral overlap. As a result, the RRS intensity of the Ce-MOF system decreased with formaldehyde concentration increase. So, Ce-MOF is used as a molecular probe of RRS to detect formaldehyde. In this study, the detection limit of formaldehyde was 0.063 µmol/L, and the determination range was 0.067–66.67 µmol/L. Compared with other methods, this method is simple in pretreatment and operation, and has a lower detection limit. Thus, a convenient detection of trace formaldehyde is realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, hydrogenated tungsten oxide(WO 3-x) was synthesized. Through experiments, it was found that the material could effectively use infrared light to generate free radicals and effectively remove trimethoprim(TMP). Among them, O 2 ·-and H 2 O 2 are the main types of free radicals. SEM, TEM, XRD, UV–Vis-IR diffuse reflection, and repeatability experiments proved the high efficiency of infrared light utilization and the stability of the material itself. Besides, nine degradation products and two pathways of TMP in the system were first discovered. [Display omitted] • Hydrogenated WO 3 (WO 3-x) has good infrared light utilization. • The mechanism of infrared enhanced degradation of TMP was investigated. • Nine novel trimethoprim degradation products have been first discovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• To introduce alternative idea to predict combustion parameters of liquid hydrocarbons. • To set up multi-component gaseous alternative prediction model of liquid hydrocarbons. • To verify the applicability of alternative model by comparison with experimental data. • To pick out optimal alternative combination by using new comprehensive bias formula. • To reveal the C1-C3 gaseous hydrocarbons as core components to build prediction model. Currently, in order to predict more accurately the fire or explosion accident consequence of liquid hydrocarbons, detailed reaction kinetic models are being developed, however it's incredible for designing full kinetic model one-by-one for the whole compounds. Based on the previous conclusions that the macroscopic combustion characteristics of liquid hydrocarbons depend on their pyrolysis intermediates, in this work, 'alternative' idea is taken into consideration that alternative model can accurately predict the combustion consequence of typical liquid hydrocarbons, such as n -heptane (nC 7 H 16), n -octane (nC 8 H 18) and n -decane (nC 10 H 22). Then a multi-component gaseous alternative prediction model is designed for simulating high-temperature combustion characteristics of liquid hydrocarbons. The results show that: (1) Multi-component gaseous alternative model is proven to predict the combustion parameters of liquid hydrocarbons, and the optimal alternative groups are picked out by using a new comprehensive bias expression; (2) Multi-component gaseous alternative model may be built by combining primary pyrolysis intermediates with heat contribution to ignition of each alternative component; (3) the C1-C3 gaseous hydrocarbons should be considered as the core components to build multi-component alternative prediction model of liquid hydrocarbons; (4) the ignition delay time predicted by alternative model can keep almost constant above a certain initial temperature, regardless of any combination of alternative components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new and Rhodamine-based fluorescent probe for Hg2+ has been designed and developed. • The probe exhibits high sensitivity and fast kinetics for Hg2+ ions in aqueous solution. • The probe was successfully used to rapidly detect Hg2+ ions in real water samples. Mercury can cause a variety of physical diseases and even death due to its complicated biological toxicity. The detection of mercury ions is therefore of great significance. In this study, we designed a new rhodamine-based fluorescent probe Hg664 which shows a large Stokes-shift for Hg2+ detection. The probe was developed employing Hg2+-enhanced desulfurization-cyclization reaction, and demonstrated high selectivity, excellent sensitivity (LOD 1.87 ppb), and fast responsive profile (within 30 s). Besides, the probe was successfully applied for the detection of Hg2+ ions in different real water samples, and satisfactory results were obtained, indicating that the probe may be a potential method for detecting Hg2+ in the ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Ni–SiC composite coatings with improved wear and corrosion resistance were obtained by ultrasonic electrodeposition (UED) method. The microstructure, microhardness, corrosion and abrasion resistance, and sectional composition distribution of the composite coatings were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemical workstation, Vickers microhardness testing, and wear testing. AFM and HRTEM results revealed compact surface structure of Ni–SiC composite coating prepared by UED. Mean diameter of Ni crystals was 68.4 nm, whereas that of SiC nanoparticles present within the composite was 26.7 nm. According to XPS data, contents of Si in UED deposited Ni–SiC composite coating were approximately 23.7 at.%, whereas that of Ni was about 46.8 at.%. Ni–SiC composite coating deposited via UED method exhibited largest microhardness (715.7 HV) compared to other coatings, whereas nickel coating had mean microhardness of 485.8 HV. I corr and E corr values of Ni–SiC composite coatings deposited via UED were 1.13 × 10−3 mA/cm2 and −0.311 V, respectively, indicating optimal level of corrosion resistance. Besides, surface morphological analysis of the coating revealed it to be glossy with only minor surface scratches, exhibiting the best wear resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite quantum dots are considered an ideal alternative to traditional phosphor color converters because of their excellent optical properties. However, the bottleneck problem of instability has tremendously limited their practical applications. In the present work, we fabricate green-emitting CsPbBr 3 @glass and red-emitting CsPbBr 1.5 I 1.5 @glass nanocomposites via an in-situ nucleation/growth method. Importantly, the CsPbX 3 @glass (X 3 = Br 3 , Br 1.5 I 1.5) samples exhibit striking thermal reversibility in the heating/cooling cycle experiments. Furthermore, CsPbX 3 monolithic films with high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 80–95% and narrow full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) down to 16 nm are achieved by dispersing ground CsPbX 3 @glass particles in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. Benefiting from dual encapsulation of inorganic glass matrix and organic polymer matrix, the film can endure harsh accelerated aging tests (at 85 °C/85%RH for 500 h). Finally, combining the as-prepared yellow monolithic film with blue chips as the backlight endows the liquid crystal display (LCD) with a wide color gamut (a color gamut of 146% of commercial LCD, 101% of NTSC after passing the color filters), demonstrating great prospects in the display industry. • CsPbX 3 (X 3 = Br 3 , Br 1.5 I 1.5) QDs were in-situ precipitated inside glass matrix via controlling nucleation/growth process. • CsPbX 3 monolithic films exhibited high PLQY of 80–95% and FWHM down to 16 nm. • The CsPbX 3 @glass@PDMS composite films possessed extremely excellent moisture and heat resistance. • A white LED backlit unit was simply achieved by coupling a yellow composite film with blue chips. • The color gamut of screen reached 101% NTSC 1953 standard and 146% commercial LCD after passing the color filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies on the impact mechanism of landslides against multiple barriers are commonly based on small-scale and large-scale flume tests in the absence of real-scale landslides. This study established a coupled smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model to analyze the landslide and multiple barriers in one numerical framework. Thereafter, a flume test of dry sand impacting dual barriers was simulated, and the impact force was compared to test results for the validation. The Gaoloucun landslide was selected as the studying case and by changing the barrier spacing, barrier height and number of rows, the dual-barrier system and triple-barrier system were designed with totally 12 simulation cases. All these cases were analyzed by the proposed SPH model to obtain the variation of run-out distance and peak impact force. The results show that a large barrier spacing is recommended for the improvement of interception efficiency and increasing the row number of barriers can take effect. Finally, the comparison between simulations and analytical solutions demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed SPH model in the impact analysis of actual landslides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] We synthesized a group of newly designed phenanthrene-bridged photochromic diarylethenes. [•] We examined their absorption and fluorescence changes in various solvents. [•] Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out to determine the structure of one diarylethene derivative. [•] We found their fluorescent non-destructive readout capability. [•] DFT theoretical calculation results indicated the photocyclization of open forms was carried out at the second excited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this manuscript, Ni–TiN thin coatings were deposited on 45 steel substrate surfaces using a magnetically assisted pulse electrodeposition (MAPE) technique. The surface topographies, chemical compositions, microstructures, microhardnesses, and corrosion properties of the Ni–TiN thin coatings were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning probe microscopy (SPM), triboindenter in-situ nanomechanical testing, as well as corrosion and wear testing. Results indicated that the Ni grain size in the Ni–TiN thin coatings gradually decreased as the grain size of TiN decreased from 180 nm to 32 nm. The mean sizes of TiN nanoparticles and Ni grains in the NT32 thin coating were 41.5 nm and 379.2 nm, respectively. The microhardness of NT180 was the lowest among all three coatings with a mean value of 597.2 HV. Conversely, the mean microhardness of the NT32 thin coating was the highest at 902.9 HV. The size of the TiN particles had a significant effect on the corrosion properties of the Ni–TiN thin coatings, and the corrosion curve of the thin coating of NT32 slowly grew throughout the experiment. Under the same wear test conditions, the NT180 coating showed higher wear mass loss, while the wear mass loss of the NT32 thin coating was the lowest at 36.4 mg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• EGSB treatment of food waste could tolerate a fluctuation of COD. • Dissolved ammonia nitrogen and organic nitrogen were mainly removed. • Methanothrix were the predominant archaea. • Amino acids metabolism decreased and energy metabolism increased at high OLR. The influent and effluent nitrogen compositions of an expanded granular sludge blanket (EGSB) reactor employed for treating food waste (FW) operated under ambient temperature was evaluated. Additionally, dynamic changes in the bacterial community structures and its metabolic functions were investigated. Results show that the EGSB reactor had a good effect on FW disposal and well resistance to variations in the organic loading rate. Furthermore, the COD concentration in the influent increased to about 10,000 mg/L and the COD removal rate stabilized at about 95%. The dissolved ammonia nitrogen (d -ammonia) content was the largest, accounting for approximately 70–80% of the dissolved nitrogen in the effluent. The amount of particulate organic nitrogen (PON) decreased by about 25%–33%. Amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism decreased at high organic loading rate (OLR). Meanwhile, the abundance of Methanothrix increased from 30.82% to 70.25%, whereas Methanobacterium decreased from 66.14% to 14.49%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SnO 2 nanoparticles encapsulated in polyaniline (PANI)-derived nitrogen-doped carbon composite powders (SnO 2 /NC) are successfully synthesized by in-situ polymerization and carbonization processes under an inert atmosphere. The results indicate that SnO 2 nanoparticles of the targeted powders (SnO 2 /NC-3) are uniformly dispersed in the N-doped carbon matrix when the added amount of SnCl 4 ·5H 2 O is precisely controlled at 3 mmol, in which PANI suppresses the aggregation of SnO 2 nanoparticles and is converted into N-doped carbon during the calcination process. The cell assembled with the SnO 2 /NC-3 electrode displays high initial discharge specific capacity of 1116.3 mAh g−1 and reversible discharge specific capacity of 567.2 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1. Moreover, the SnO 2 /NC-3 electrode also exhibits relatively high Li+ ions diffusion coefficient of about 1.22 × 10−12 cm2 s−1. The improved electrochemical performance can be partly ascribed to the fact that the proper amount of SnO 2 nanoparticles contributes to the enhancement of lithium storage capacity, and partly to that the N-doped carbon effectively relieves the volume expansion of SnO 2 nanoparticles. Therefore, the proposed method of using PANI as N-doped carbon source may provide a feasible strategy to fabricate anode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. • SnO 2 @NC composite powders are prepared by in-situ polymerization and carbonization. • SnO 2 nanoparticles are well dispersed in polyaniline-derived nitrogen-doped carbon. • The SnO 2 @NC-3 electrode presents superior capacity and cycle performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Am-SnO 2 @P-C powders are synthesized through phase separation and heat treatment. • The differences of amorphous and crystalline SnO 2 based electrodes are investigated. • The porous carbon matrix will improve the structural stability of electrodes. • The Am-SnO 2 @P-C electrode exhibits excellent cycling stability and rate capability. Amorphous SnO 2 nanoparticles embedded into a three-dimensional porous carbon matrix labeled as Am-SnO 2 @P-C are precisely customized through a phase separation process of tin salts and polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylpyrrolidone/ N, N -dimethylformamide polymer mixed solution with the presence of deionized water and combining with heat treatments. The targeted composite powders are characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, transmission electron microscope, and scanning electron microscope, in which amorphous SnO 2 nanoparticles with ultrafine diameters are uniformly distributed across the three-dimensional porous carbon matrix. The Am-SnO 2 @P-C composite electrode can deliver an initial discharge and charge specific capacity of 1557.6 and 1194.4 mAh/g with an initial coulombic efficiency of 76.7 % at 100 mA/g, and the discharge specific capacity can be retained at 886.4 mAh/g after 200 cycles. Moreover, the Am-SnO 2 @P-C composite electrode also exhibits great rate capability, in which the electrode can deliver a reversible capacity of 581.1 mAh/g at the current density as high as 1.0 A/g with a capacity retention of 92.8 % after 500 cycles. Furthermore, the kinetics investigations of pseudocapacitive contributions and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on the as-prepared composite electrodes demonstrate the fast electrochemical kinetics of the Am-SnO 2 @P-C electrode due to the synergistic effect of the ultrafine size of amorphous SnO 2 nanoparticles and the porous carbon matrix. Those findings and understandings of the SnO 2 based electrodes may offer some a prospective strategy of the metal-oxide based anodes for lithium-ion batteries in the field of energy storages. [Display omitted]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiO 2 nanorods decorated with CdS and Ag0 were prepared and anchored on to a fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode in order to investigate the photoelectrochemical (PEC) oxidation of nitrobenzene (NB) coupled with simultaneous reduction of water to produce molecular hydrogen (H 2). The modified TiO 2 nanorods (TiO 2 -NRs) prepared for 4 h have regular nanoroads with high superficial area and Ag nanoparticles loaded on the surface of nanoroads covered with CdS film uniformly. The nano-composite TiO 2 -NRs with photochemically active up to 700 nm with coupled photoconversion efficiencies for NB degradation and H 2 production as high as 4.4%. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of Ag not only excited the photo-generated electron of Ag nanoparticles, but also promoted the electron transfer from CdS to TiO 2 -NRs. NB as a role of electron donor, reacts with hole to improve the efficiency of H 2 production. The heterostructure electrode for solar energy conversion had an important significance for solving environmental pollution and energy crisis. Image 1 • TiO 2 nanorods decorated with CdS and Ag0 were prepared and anchored on to a FTO electrode. • Simultaneous oxidation of nitrobenzene coupled with reduction of water to produced H 2. • Ag particles loaded on the surface of TiO 2 nanoroads covered with CdS film uniformly. • Photoconversion efficiencies for nitrobenzene degradation and H 2 production as high as 4.4%. • The heterostructure of CdS/Ag/TiO 2 -NRs electrode has solar energy conversion in PEC system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]