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Power and powerlessness remain important topics in the political science literature. Since Lukes (1974), power has been viewed as possessing three dimensions: the ability to affect behavior, the ability to limit alternatives, and the ability to influence thoughts and perceptions. Intimately connected to notions of power are questions of quiescence. Why do people "chose" to remain powerless? Why do some individuals and groups rise up against the power holder while others submit passively? Rather than invoking institutional factors, this paper attempts to frame the issue of power and powerlessness in terms of evolutionary biology. Social animals have relatively stable dominance hierarchies. Position in the hierarchy is coupled with changes in the hormonal balance of the animal's brain. The biochemistry of animals at the bottom of the scale leads to higher stress levels and a more lethargic attitude. This paper considers the applicability of this idea to powerlessness in mankind. It postulates a "fourth face" of power, a physiological one. Investigations into this area could have important theoretical ramifications both in understanding the nature of powerlessness and in finding novel ways of breaking the cycle of powerlessness. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the largely forgotten work of Gilbert Burnet (1688), revealing the connection between compromise and the idea of a social contract. It helps illuminate a different apprehension of politics across the English Channel. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper employs the distribution of heights within male populations and between males and females in pre-historic, agrarian and industrial societies to measure inequality and to examine its economic and political sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores Hobbes' Leviathan to uncover how Hobbes' believed that his teaching could come into practice. The paper focus' on how Hobbes believed his teaching could be universally valid. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This proposal paper shows economic individualists are likely to participate in politics whereas social individualists are unlikely to do the same thing. The relationship between individualism and participation is explored in this proposal paper. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though they are often spoken of as though they were alike, Emerson and Whitman are very different thinkers. The tensions between them highlight the tensions between individualism and democracy in ways that illuminate both the past and the present. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social groups are understood to influence individual opinion; however, little work has examined how the impact of social group attachment on opinion varies as a function of change in political discourse which connects said groups to political issues. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study of the recent literature on social capital since Putnam, and a consideration of the links between this literature and the main works of Tocqueville. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I estimate both the tactical and indirect-economical and political-effects of rough terrain on civil conflict onset. Rough terrain is significant more for its effects on state capacity rather than the tactical considerations of insurgents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the context of the public goods model, this paper evaluates the theory of hegemonic stability for the post World War II period using quantitative methods. The results support the theory of a benevolent hegemon. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the conditions under which white Americans will express that being white systematically benefits them. It furthermore examines the role of recognizing this privilege in support of policies of racial equality. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonprofit, nongovernmental organizations, considered critical indicators of functioning democracy, are undertheorized. This paper drawsfrom political science, sociology, and public management to develop a more general approach to collective action. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper revisits that classic, The American Voter, in particular the chapter on the politics of social group membership. The analysis is based on 2000 and 2004 ANES data. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper (1) addresses questions of the "scientificity" of the social sciences and (2) argues for the incorporation of the concept of the imaginary into social and political analysis. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the place of the family in Hegel's project of reconciliating human beings to the modern political world. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will explore the formation of the modern public sphere in the Middle East product of social conflicts for hegemony. Focus of research will be on the modern legal system and discourse and the case studies will be Egypt, Turkey and Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the adverse effect on rural inequality following the arrival of the neoliberal market in land a remote Ecuadorian community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines how political factors (such as the level of civil rights, or state regulation of religion) and sociological ones (such as inequality and development) influence the interaction between religious beliefs and religious practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper develops a political theory of endogeneous institutional change that emphasizes associational relations within families of institutions and the interactive properties of a given institutional mix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

150 years after his death his 1859 Tocqueville remains one of America’s most beloved political philosophers. He is said to have explored our politics and culture with unrivaled astuteness. But how do Tocqueville’s observations of America stand today? This panel will be dedicated to exploring whether Tocqueville’s discussions of American mores, religion, and civic culture are congruent and continually relevant to the US of the 21st century. This panel thus seeks to investigate and critically appraise current social and political realities seen through a Tocquevillean lens, bringing together insights from political science, sociology, and history. This panel also aims to suggest new directions in Tocqueville scholarship and future avenues of research. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alasdair MacIntyre’s criticisms of liberal individualism cannot stand in light of further examination. The functional concept of a human being he demands as support for ethical claims can in fact be constructed for liberal individualism. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

n recent years, an ever expanding political, economic, sociological, and even anthropological literature has tried to give convincing answers to each of the following two questions: (i) Why do we have civil wars in some countries and not in others? (ii) Why does post-conflict peace endure in some countries, while it collapses into renewed fighting in others? Building on our earlier work on political institutions, economic development, and civil war as well as the mentioned literature on causes and consequences of intrastate conflicts, their prevention and recurrence, we argue that addressing the second question ignoring the first almost inevitably leads to answers that are affected by selection bias. In fact, we can show that the non-random selection of civil wars biases not only estimates for the error term and the parameters in all directions, but can falsely indicate that duration dependence of post-conflict civil peace is present when it actually is not. Therefore, we first theoretically develop and then empirically test a rational institutionalist two-stage selection duration model that accounts for the non-random sample selection to explain the variation in the endurance of peace in countries with civil war experience. This is done simultaneously estimating the selection outcome (civil war) and the duration outcome (length of post-conflict peace) using full-information maximum likelihood estimation on a data set of more than 100 civil wars during the 1950-2000 period. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the motivating sources of political awareness. Utilizing cross-sectional data from four national surveys, I establish a baseline effect of socio-demographic characteristics on general political awareness. Next, I estimate the effects of these same variables on awareness to issues of specific interest to respondents. I find that though the propensity to gather information is a general predisposition based on education, curiosity, and general political interest, peoples' attention to specific issues varies based on whether or not information is relevant to one's specific interests. While the greatest source of variation is the general "curiosity/interest" trait, a secondary source of motivation for paying attention to issues stems from self interest, or having a material-interest at stake. Evidence from this study suggests that citizens with low-levels of general political knowledge may, nonetheless, possess personally relevant information enabling them to communicate key desires to representatives. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religion and democracy mutually define themselves: the emergence of the "spirituality" category in contemporary sociology of religion highlights the very process of the "democratisation of the sacred". ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analytic epistemology overlooks the epistemic relevance of the socio-political context of ideas.We need an epistemology which is attentive to the fact that socio-political contexts and truth claims are mutually-constitutive. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study finds causations between the micro level of individuals' social capital and the macro level of politics, correlations among different tiers of social capital, and combined effects of social capital elements at the macro political life. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose to develop and test a theory of opinion formation in which individuals? normative beliefs about equality and hierarchy in economic and social relationships fundamentally affect their preferences for specific government policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study shows that consensus types of democracies are more effective than majoritarian democracies in producing bridging social capital in heterogeneous environments. It also incorporates the effects of regime longevity into the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boom or Bust: Impact of the EU enlargement on future integration of Europe [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liberalism now suffers from excess individualism. Citizens believe they owe nothing that they did not contract to give. I argue that our obligations to our fellow citizens arise not from individual contract, but from systemic commitments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct a novel structural model for the purposes of testing for the presence of spillover effects from social capital. There is a disconnect in the social science literature as to whether social capital is an attribute of individuals (as typically modeled in economics and some sociology work) or an attribute of communities (as in the political science, sociology and public health disciplines). However, existing empirical work on coimmunity social capital simply uses aggregations of individual attributes to measure community level social capital (e.g., Putnam 20000); such measures may simply proxy for unobserved individual attributes. Consequently, there is currently no evidence that social capital is an attribute of communities (or groups). We develop a strutural model that allows us to test whether individual trust and membership in voluntary organizations are determined by community level trust and membership (ie, are there spillovers from social capital?). We estimate these equations simultaneously in a SUR framework; we also instrument for community level trust and membership using other community level attributes. Finally, because we are working with mmultilevel data, we correct for the clustering of observations at the community level. This work represents not only a major advance in the methods applied to social capital research, but also the first systematic evidence that community level social capital spills over and influences individual level social capital. The substantive importance of this finding is that it generates plausible instruments for identifying teh treatment effect of social capital on various outcome variables of interest, including voter turnout, trust in government, employment, and health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]