4,338 results
Search Results
2. Design of Paper-Based Visual Analogue Scale Items.
- Author
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Weigl, Klemens and Forstner, Thomas
- Subjects
- *
EXPERIMENTAL design , *PILOT projects , *PAIN measurement , *RESEARCH methodology , *CROSS-sectional method , *VISUAL analog scale , *MANN Whitney U Test , *FISHER exact test , *SEX distribution , *T-test (Statistics) , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *DATA analysis software - Abstract
Paper-based visual analogue scale (VAS) items were developed 100 years ago. Although they gained great popularity in clinical and medical research for assessing pain, they have been scarcely applied in other areas of psychological research for several decades. However, since the beginning of digitization, VAS have attracted growing interest among researchers for carrying out computerized and paper-based data assessments. In the present study, we investigated the research question "Which different design characteristics of paper-based VAS items are preferred by women and men?" Based on a sample of 115 participants (68 female), our results revealed that the respondents preferred a paper-based VAS item with a horizontal, 8-cm long, 3 DTP ("desktop publishing point") wide, black line, with flat line endpoints, and the ascending numerical anchors "0" and "10", both for women and men. Although we did not identify any gender difference in these characteristics, our findings uncovered clear preferences on how to design paper-based VAS items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Paper-cuts in Modern China: The Search for Modernity, Cultural Tradition, and Women’s Liberation.
- Author
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Wu, Ka-ming
- Subjects
- *
PAPER arts , *MODERNITY , *LIBERTY , *WOMEN artisans , *CITIES & towns ,CHINESE civilization - Abstract
In the twentieth century, paper-cuts have been variously regarded as a domestic craft, a site of rural purity, a marker of Chinese civilization, and more recently, a national intangible cultural heritage. This article analyzes paper-cuts not merely as a cultural practice but as a medium of articulation through which Chinese urban intellectuals have understood the countryside and traditions at specific historical moments. It also explores paper-cuts as a cultural medium through which urban elites have expressed their visions of the nation’s path to modernity and women’s liberation. During the Yan’an period (1937–1947), paper-cuts served as a Communist marker to distinguish an “art form of healthiness and honesty” from urban decadence under Nationalist rule. Since the 1980s, however, the art and practices of paper-cutting have come to share new discursive spaces: as the site of recovery of a lost Chinese civilization, an urban nostalgia for vanishing rural ritual practices, and most recently, a discourse of capital, profit, and personal success. By analyzing the shifting meanings assigned to paper-cuts, this article explores the relationship among the state, culture, and capital as it has been actively manufactured and negotiated through this folk practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. A Scoping Review on Sexual and Gender-Based Violence Medicolegal Service Provision in East Africa.
- Author
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Rockowitz, Sarah, Flowe, Heather, and Bradbury-Jones, Caroline
- Subjects
HEALTH policy ,ONLINE information services ,CINAHL database ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,HUMAN rights ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,RAPE ,VIOLENCE ,MEDICAL care ,GENDER ,SEX crimes ,PHYSICIAN practice patterns ,LITERATURE reviews ,MEDLINE ,THEMATIC analysis ,GOVERNMENT aid ,MEDICAL needs assessment ,LEGISLATION ,LAW - Abstract
Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is a leading cause of physical, emotional, and psychosocial problems around the world, with many countries in East Africa having rates above the global average. Despite the high prevalence in the region, service provision for post-SGBV care is often poorly funded, difficult to access, or simply nonexistent. This review reports the findings of a scoping review of literature from East Africa. The goals of this research were to evaluate existing service provision practices throughout the region, understand how provider bias may affect service provision, and compare existing practices to national policies and internationally agreed human rights treaties. This review identified 54 academic papers and reports through a search of electronic databases and grey literature sources, and four main themes emerged: (1) current models of service provision are inadequate to address the medical and psychosocial needs of survivors; (2) countries are not providing sufficient funding for services; (3) further research is needed into how to incorporate SGBV care into existing health systems and align with international human rights treaties; and (4) there is limited research in many countries in East Africa. The findings are likely to be of use to policy makers, nongovernmental organizations, and service providers working in the medical, legal, and justice systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The Gender Gap: Who Is (and Is Not) Included on Graduate-Level Syllabi in Social/Personality Psychology.
- Author
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Skitka, Linda J., Melton, Zachary J., Mueller, Allison B., and Wei, Kevin Y.
- Abstract
We contacted a random sample of social/personality psychologists in the United States and asked for copies of their graduate syllabi. We coded more than 3,400 papers referenced on these syllabi for gender of authors as well as other characteristics. Less than 30% of the papers referenced on these syllabi were written by female first authors, with no evidence of a trend toward greater inclusion of papers published by female first authors since the 1980s. The difference in inclusion rates of female first-authored papers could not be explained by a preference for including classic over contemporary papers in syllabi (there was evidence of a recency bias instead) or the relative availability of female first-authored papers in the published literature. Implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Comprehension Scores Among Young Neurotypical Children and Children With Autism: Paper and iPad® Storybooks.
- Author
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Marble-Flint, Karissa J., Strattman, Kathy H., and Schommer-Aikins, Marlene A.
- Subjects
CHILDREN with autism spectrum disorders ,AUTISTIC children ,NEURODIVERSITY ,AUTISM in children ,SPECIAL education ,ADULTS ,GENDER - Abstract
This initial study used an equivalent-groups design to evaluate differences in story comprehension scores between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their neurotypical (NT) peers using paper and iPad® storybooks. Fifteen children with ASD of ages 4–6 and 15 NT peers matched for receptive vocabulary age and gender met inclusion criteria. Across two individualized testing sessions, participants answered language abstraction questions about three formats of Pete the Cat stories (paper, iPad adult read, and iPad with the read-to-me feature activated) during shared storybook reading. When examining the entire group of participants, all children performed better with either type of iPad storybook compared to the paper book. The current study indicates storybooks on the iPad function in similar ways for NT children and children with ASD. Further, this research shows promise for using the iPad with young children during shared storybook reading. Directions for future research and implications for special education personnel are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. A Paper Ceiling.
- Author
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Shor, Eran, van de Rijt, Arnout, Miltsov, Alex, Kulkarni, Vivek, and Skiena, Steven
- Subjects
- *
WOMEN , *CORPORATE culture , *CULTURE , *EDITORS , *EMPLOYMENT , *MASS media , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *NEWSPAPERS , *PRACTICAL politics , *REGRESSION analysis , *SEX distribution , *SEXISM , *SPORTS , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors - Abstract
In the early twenty-first century, women continue to receive substantially less media coverage than men, despite women’s much increased participation in public life. Media scholars argue that actors in news organizations skew news coverage in favor of men and male-related topics. However, no previous study has systematically examined whether such media bias exists beyond gender ratio imbalances in coverage that merely mirror societal-level structural and occupational gender inequalities. Using novel longitudinal data, we empirically isolate media-level factors and examine their effects on women’s coverage rates in hundreds of newspapers. We find that societal-level inequalities are the dominant determinants of continued gender differences in coverage. The media focuses nearly exclusively on the highest strata of occupational and social hierarchies, in which women’s representation has remained poor. We also find that women receive greater exposure in newspaper sections led by female editors, as well as in newspapers whose editorial boards have higher female representation. However, these differences appear to be mostly correlational, as women’s coverage rates do not noticeably improve when male editors are replaced by female editors in a given newspaper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The Length of Responses to Open-Ended Questions: A Comparison of Online and Paper Questionnaires in Terms of a Mode Effect.
- Author
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Denscombe, Martyn
- Subjects
- *
INTERNET questionnaires , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *OPEN-ended questions , *GENDER , *SOCIAL impact assessment , *SOCIAL science methodology , *COMPARATIVE sociology , *SURVEYS - Abstract
The existence of a mode effect is assessed using data from two matched groups of 15- to 16-year-olds (n = 466) who completed a questionnaire either as a Web-based online version or an "optical mark recognition" paper version. This article focuses specifically on the length of answers to four open-ended questions included in the questionnaire. It was found that although the online answers to three of the four questions tended to be slightly longer than those from the paper version, the differences were not statistically significant. Other factors, specifically gender and educational aspirations, appeared to have much more influence on the length of answers to open-ended questions than the mode of delivery per se. The findings do not provide conclusive evidence of any mode effect with respect to the online delivery of questionnaires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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9. 'these things not marked on paper': creolisation, affect and tomboyism in Joan Anim-Addo's Janie, Cricketing Lady and Margaret Cezair-Thompson's The Pirate's Daughter.
- Author
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Smith, Karina
- Subjects
- *
TOMBOYS in literature , *CREOLES in literature , *SHAME in literature - Abstract
This article will look closely at the performance of tomboy identity in Joan Anim-Addo's collection of poetry Janie, Cricketing Lady, written as a tribute to her mother Jane Joseph, and Margaret Cezair-Thompson's novel The Pirate's Daughter, a fiction about Errol Flynn's 'outside' Jamaican daughter, May. It will argue that the ongoing affects of colonialism and patriarchy in the islands of Grenada and Jamaica, respectively, shape the life narratives of Janie and May who express their anger, shame, fear, frustration and desire through their ambiguous gender identity and through their determination to intervene in masculinist traditions, such as cricket, piracy and adventure, traditions that underpin Caribbean his/tories. To understand the way in which affect can be expressed through tomboyism in Caribbean societies, it is necessary to look at colour and class alongside gender in the context of Caribbean creolisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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10. Engendering gendered mathematics education in the Philippines: Is equality to access enough?
- Author
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Chua, Christopher G.
- Subjects
BINARY gender system ,AFFECTIVE education ,MATHEMATICAL equivalence ,ARITHMETIC mean ,MATHEMATICS education ,GENDER inequality - Abstract
In this meta syntheses paper, I explore gender as a social factor that interacts with both the cognitive and affective domains of education by explaining what it means for mathematics to be gendered and how we can use mathematics education to promote gender fairness as a form of social justice. I start by discussing gender as a dichotomy and how educational research transitioned from a physiological to a socio-cultural perspective. Guided by Ferguson’s and Bjerrun-Nielsen’s Four-Perspective Gender model, and Cohen and Martin’s Four Dimensional Model of Gender. I argue that mathematics education can be designed to promote gender equity only by considering these dimensions, and when there is a deliberate effort to examine how our exercise of education widens or narrows gender gap in terms of the four dimensions of gender equality: equality to access, learning experience, educational outcomes, and most importantly, external results. I discuss mathematics as an area perceived to embody a symbolic gender and what can be done through mathematics education to break that stereotype and contribute to the furthering equality to external results. I focus this discussion into the context of the Philippines and why it may be essential for educational reforms to zoom out to include other equally important dimensions of gender other than equality to access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Becoming and being a masters athlete: Class, gender, place and the embodied formation of (anti)-ageing moral identities.
- Author
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Hookway, Nicholas, Palmer, Catherine, Dwyer, Zack, and Mainsbridge, Casey
- Subjects
OLDER athletes ,ATHLETES ,GENDER ,GENDER inequality ,MIDDLE class ,PLEASURE ,SHAME ,AFFLUENT consumers - Abstract
Once discouraged or viewed as dangerous, Masters athletes are now seen as exemplars of how people should age. This paper qualitatively examines the sporting pathways, embodied experiences and the moral formation of ageing identities among 'young-old' athletes competing in the 16th Australian Masters Games. Held in regional Tasmania (Australia), the Games attracted over 5000 participants competing across 47 sports over an 8-day period. Contributing to a critical body of scholarship on Masters athletes, the paper shows that class and gender inequality shape processes of becoming and being a Masters athlete that are rarely acknowledged in the 'heroic ageing' accounts the participants narrate. Further, the paper develops a unique spatial perspective on Masters sport that recognises the potential of the Games to disrupt place-based stigma but also identifies its class dimensions both as a site of middle-class shame and consumer opportunity for affluent sports tourists. We draw upon Allen-Collinson's concept of 'intense embodiment' to spotlight the sensory pleasures, pain and injuries of training and competing as an older athlete but also as an important lens for analysing the construction of ageing moral identities that can stigmatise and exclude the inactive old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Men changing nappies: Dismantling a key barrier to gender-diversifying the early years workforce.
- Author
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Wilkinson, Joann, Davies, Jeremy, and Warin, Jo
- Subjects
GENDER stereotypes ,EARLY childhood education - Abstract
Currently the number of men working in early years education in England is very low at 2%. This stubbornly resistant workforce pattern matters because it perpetuates the entrenched gender stereotype of young children's education and care as women's work. It is extraordinary to find this corner of gender statis in a world that is supposedly in the grip of a gender revolution. This gender revolution does not appear to have impacted on, or even dented, the gendered nature of the early years workforce. This is all the more remarkable because early years staffing shortages have now reached crisis point in England (the country where the authors reside and where they have carried out the research referred to in this paper). The small minority of men that do take up work in this sector often work interchangeably with their female counterparts, adopting a range of roles and responsibilities including reading, rough and tumble, comforting and food preparation. The task of intimate care however, or more specifically 'nappy changing', remains an area of tension within men's presence in early years settings, with parents or carers sometimes requesting that male practitioners do not change their child's nappy or nursery managers removing men from this role. Although the Sex Discrimination and Equalities Act 2010 stipulates that no employee should be discriminated against because of their sex, a 2-year study into the recruitment and support of men in early years education in England (GenderEYE) shows that discriminatory practices around intimate care are very much alive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Challenges of Doing Gender Research as a Male Researcher in Pakistan: Reflections From Online and In-Person Fieldwork.
- Author
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Shah, Rahat
- Subjects
RESEARCH personnel ,INTERNET privacy ,FIELD research ,SOCIAL norms ,MALES ,VIRTUAL communities ,GENDER - Abstract
In this reflection paper, which stems from my PhD project and explores the gender arrangements and subjective experiences of female breadwinning couples (FBCs) in Pakistan, I delve into the distinctive challenges faced by a male researcher conducting gender research in a patriarchal cultural context. Drawing from both in-person and online fieldwork experiences, which began during the pre-pandemic period and extended through the pandemic into the post-pandemic era, this article unveils the layered intricacies posed by entrenched gender norms, societal expectations and the dynamics of a male researcher probing gendered issue. These challenges were further intensified in online mediums of interviewing, presenting obstacles from participant hesitations surrounding online privacy to inconsistent Internet connectivity and continuous disruptions. This paper also underscores the fluidity and multifaceted nature of the researcher's positionality, navigating interplays of gender, age, and cultural perceptions. My dual role, both an insider (by virtue of my cultural connection to the fieldwork area) and an outsider (owing to my affiliation with a Western academic institution), added layers of complexity to the fieldwork experiences. By juxtaposing in-person and online encounters, a rich tapestry unfolds, depicting both intersecting and unique challenges inherent to each mode of interviewing. Contributions of this reflection paper are multifold, which not only offers valuable insights for future researchers venturing into similar sociocultural contexts but also highlights the nuanced experiences of male-led gender research in predominantly patriarchal settings. The paper also contributes to the discourse on the fluidity of insider-outsider roles, reflexivity, and the methodological resilience and adaptability needed while conducting gender-focused fieldwork within specific cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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14. Who Is More Eager to Relocate to a Sustainable Retirement Village? Male or Female, Young or Elderly.
- Author
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Wong Ming Wong, Hexuan Li, and Yifan Wang
- Subjects
RETIREMENT ,VILLAGES ,AGING ,CONSUMER attitudes - Abstract
This paper examines the influence of consumers' gender and age on the relationship between their attitudes and purchase intentions for choosing a sustainable retirement village, drawing on the Ecological Theory of Aging and the Theory of Reasoned Goal Pursuit. About 931 research participants were collected in China through an online research firm, which distributed questionnaires to its sampling database. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling was employed to test the proposed hypotheses. The study reveals that (1) consumers' attitudes toward sustainable retirement villages mediate the relationship between social and environmental sustainability and purchase intentions; (2) The link between the attributes of sustainable retirement villages and consumers' purchase intentions is mediated by their attitudes, which are not influenced by the consumers' gender or age. This research demonstrates that neither the gender nor age of consumers significantly impact their attitudes and purchase intentions regarding sustainable retirement villages. The scope of this study is constrained by its sample and variables, as the research subject focuses specifically on Chinese consumers' attitudes and intentions toward sustainable retirement villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Violence Against Women Who Sell Sex in Eastern and Southern Africa: A Scoping Review.
- Author
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Macleod, Catriona Ida, Reynolds, John Hunter, and Delate, Richard
- Subjects
RISK of violence ,VIOLENCE prevention ,PSYCHOLOGY of abused women ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,ONLINE information services ,MARRIAGE ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,SEX work ,VIOLENCE ,GENDER ,RISK assessment ,INCOME ,ALCOHOL drinking ,RESEARCH funding ,LITERATURE reviews ,MEDLINE ,EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
Women who sell sex (WSS) are vulnerable to violence. We present a scoping review of the last decade of research on the prevalence and incidence of, factors associated with, and services regarding violence against WSS in Eastern and Southern African (ESA). A systematic search of various databases resulted in 20 papers being reviewed. Inclusion criteria, applied by the first two authors, were as follows: empirical papers, key research problem is violence against WSS, and conducted in ESA countries. The lifetime prevalence of violence revealed in the studies ranged from 21% to 82%. A pattern of generalized violence against WSS from paying clients, male partners, strangers, family members, friends/acquaintances, and the authorities emerged. Factors associated with violence included the context within which the sex work occurs, alcohol use, type of sex exchange interactions, and personal factors (low education, low income, marriage, youth, high client volume, time in sex work, forced sexual debut, and internalized sex work stigma). WSS seldom access services after violence. Evaluations of two programs, a woman-focused HIV intervention, and the Diagonal Interventions to Fast-Forward Reproductive Health project, showed improvements in gender-based violence services. Findings suggest that targeted programmes should be paired with improving general health services and focus on promoting collective agency among WSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Twitter Women's Tips on Academic Writing: A Female Response to Gioia's Rules of the Game.
- Author
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Greenhalgh, Trisha
- Subjects
ACADEMIC discourse ,RULES of games ,WOMEN ,SOCIAL media ,SELF - Abstract
This article, intended in a spirit of good humor, offers a critique of a paper by Gioia on how to get published. Based on a social media discussion to which 46 women academics from around the world contributed, we ask whether the recommendations in Gioia's original paper are based on gendered assumptions and stereotypes (the "lone wolf" male academic competing with colleagues for a slot in a prestigious journal). Drawing on feminist scholars such as Mary Wollstonecraft ("Virtue can only flourish among equals"), we offer some additional recommendations which emphasize the importance of reflection, collaboration, acceptance of ambiguity, attention to audience and context, and nurturing self and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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17. Transfer-Intending Women in Computing: An Exploratory Analysis of Trends, Characteristics, and Experiences Shaping Women's Computing Participation.
- Author
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Blaney, Jennifer M., Rodriguez, Sarah L., and Stevens, Amanda R.
- Subjects
TREND analysis ,COMMUNITY college students ,ETHNICITY ,GENDER differences (Sociology) ,GENDER inequality ,INDIGENOUS women - Abstract
Objective: Community college transfer pathways are critical for advancing gender equity in STEM. Yet, community college students are often ignored within studies of women's participation in undergraduate computing. In a first effort to address this gap in the literature, this paper explores the composition of transfer-intending computing students over time (Study One) and gender differences in the characteristics and experiences of transfer-intending computing students (Study Two). Methods: This descriptive paper uses Center for Community College Student Engagement (CCCSE) survey data. Study One relies on a sample of nearly 30,000 transfer aspirants in computing across the United States between 2011 and 2019, allowing us to explore trends over time. Study Two examines a subset of over 9,000 students from the most recent survey cohort, providing a more nuanced snapshot of transfer-intending computing students. Descriptive statistics were used to examine how student experiences differ by gender and race/ethnicity. Results: Study One findings show that women's representation among transfer-intending computing students has declined over time. Study Two results reveal that, relative to men, women spend more time caregiving, commuting, studying, in student groups, and utilizing advising services, pointing to unique demands on women's time. We also identify significant differences in how Black and Indigenous women financed their college, relative to other women. Conclusions: While women are underrepresented among transfer-intending computing students, they represent a diverse group to support. We point to recommendations for policy and practice to support transfer-intending women in STEM and future research that considers intersectional identities among this diverse group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Positioning and the Thick Tangles of Spacetimemattering.
- Author
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Davies, Bronwyn
- Subjects
AUTOPOIESIS ,JUSTICE - Abstract
This paper re-turns to the concept of positioning, and to the thick tangles of spacetimemattering as they were at work in the paper "Positioning: the discursive production of selves" by Davies & Harré, published in 1990. In re-turning to the concept of positioning, and to its analysis, this paper asks what matters in scholarly work, and how it contributes to gendered, colonial relations of power. The paper explores the impact of the spacetimes scholars work in, on their thinking-in-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Challenges and Opportunities: Asian Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics.
- Author
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Varma, Roli, Falk, John H., and Dierking, Lynn D.
- Subjects
ASIANS ,WOMEN in science ,MATHEMATICS ,ENGINEERING ,CONFERENCES & conventions - Abstract
This special issue brings selected papers from an international conference which brought a group of approximately 30 Science Technology and Society and Popularization of Science experts from nine South Asian and Southeast Asian countries (Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, and Thailand), plus the United States. They discussed how best to enhance public awareness about the role of women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). These papers show how to develop strategies for increasing the participation of women in STEM, both as STEM professionals and as informed and engaged, lifelong participants in a STEM-rich world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Not biology or culture alone: Response to El-Hout et al. (2021).
- Author
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Stewart-Williams, Steve and Halsey, Lewis G
- Subjects
CULTURES (Biology) ,GENDER inequality ,DEFAULT (Finance) - Abstract
We respond to El-Hout et al.'s commentary on our paper 'Men, Women and STEM: Why the Differences and What Should Be Done?'. El-Hout et al. challenge several aspects of the position we present in the paper and outline their recent work on the concept of 'masculine defaults': a plausible contributor to the gender gaps found in some STEM fields. For the most part, El-Hout et al. present our views fairly and accurately. In a number of places, however, they misdescribe them, especially when it comes to policy options. In this response, we clarify and expand on our earlier arguments and explore various interesting issues raised by El-Hout et al.'s commentary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Young Men and Feminism: Gendered Struggle and Sense-Making for Australian University Students.
- Author
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Kean, Jessica and Buiten, Denise
- Subjects
- *
YOUNG men , *FEMINISM , *COLLEGE students - Abstract
This paper explores feminism as a site of explicit struggle and implicit sense-making for young men. Through an analysis of interviews with twenty young people at two Australian universities, it considers how popularised feminist (and anti-feminist) discourses shape discussions of men, boys and masculinity. Actively grappling with the place of boys and men in certain high-profile feminist debates, participants' responses revealed core sites of tension around their collective and individual responsibility for gendered harms, tensions reflective of those present within feminist debates themselves. The impact of feminism could also be seen in the gendered analysis so many participants produced to make sense of limiting emotional norms, even though they did not recognise this analysis as a feminist inheritance. Moving beyond an approach seeking to categorise young men's responses as either pro- or anti-feminist, this paper highlights the entanglement of feminism in young men's sensemaking around gendered issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. The business of pornography: Contributions from organization studies—Introduction to the special section.
- Author
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Fleming, Peter, Muhr, Sara Louise, and Shadnam, Masoud
- Subjects
PORNOGRAPHY ,SOCIAL impact ,ORGANIZATION management ,ORGANIZATIONAL research - Abstract
Organization and management research has largely ignored the pornography industry. In many ways this is understandable; production often takes place under disturbing conditions, and the dissemination and consumption of porn is considered taboo. Nonetheless, we cannot neglect the fact that it is a multi-billion-dollar industry with significant economic, social and cultural impact. We believe scholars have an obligation to study and understand not only the talk-of-the-town organizations, but the shush-and-move-on ones too, drawing out their ethical and cultural significance. The collection of papers in this special section aptly demonstrates that pornography can be studied as an organizational phenomenon. The section includes an editorial as well as three individual papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. 'That's my dumb husband': Wild things, battle bears and heteronormative responses in an afterschool reading club.
- Author
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Skrlac Lo, Rachel and Wiseman, Angela
- Subjects
READING ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,DRAWING ,HUMAN sexuality ,EXPERIENCE ,CHILD psychology ,LITERACY - Abstract
In this paper, we analyse a group of 6 and 7 year olds' interactions during a literacy event. We explore the complexities of their meaning-making following a read aloud of Where the Wild Things Are (Sendak 1963). Our focus is on discourses of gender/sex/uality, a term that acknowledges the complex relationship between gender, sex and sexuality, and how these discourses are enacted. Our guiding question was: How did discourses of gender/sex/uality circulate in this group of young children's multimodal and playful responses to a literacy event? By considering the relationship between reader response, play and gender/sex/uality, we gained insight into how children's responses to texts are connected to their own identities and lived experiences. We used critical multimodal discourse analysis to understand the children's meaning-making processes. This revealed how the children were drawing from varying scripts to inform their play and creative processes. The children referenced gender/sex/uality to collaborate, to compete and to seek inclusion or status in the group. We discuss four children who drove this collective dialogue and who guided the group's interactions. Another child's responses pushed against and evolved in tandem with the emerging consensus. This study deepened and expanded our consciousness of children's enactments of gender/sex/uality and how such enactments reinforced heteronormativity. The children's artefacts, actions and talk are testimony of dominant discourses that guided and ultimately led them to adopt storylines that aligned with heteronormative scripts. Our analysis of how the children's responses unfolded revealed how power asymmetries were reinforced and hegemonic ideologies persisted. Understanding the influences of social norms during interactive literacy events may help educators create opportunities for all learners to write themselves into these events and classroom interactions more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. An intersectional reflexive account on positionality: researching Pakistani and Bangladeshi Muslim lone motherhood.
- Author
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Baz, Sarah A
- Subjects
GROUP identity ,RESEARCH funding ,SEX distribution ,INTERVIEWING ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,REFLECTION (Philosophy) ,MUSLIMS ,EXPERIENCE ,INTERSECTIONALITY ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,SOUTH Asians ,PSYCHOLOGY of mothers ,MOTHERHOOD ,WOMEN'S societies & clubs ,MEDICAL practice - Abstract
Engaging in 'reflexive practice' throughout the research process (Benson and O'Reilly, 2022) and a 'reflexivity of discomfort' (Hamdan, 2009) through an intersectional lens, this article presents a reflective account of accessing and conducting observations and interviews at a South Asian women's organisation, in North England, to explore Pakistani and Bangladeshi Muslim (PBM) lone motherhood. It critically explores how researchers' own subjectivities and intersecting identities – in this case, my intersecting identities and positionalities as a young British Pakistani Muslim women, researcher and volunteer – impact interactions in different circumstances with different groups of participants and the importance of having continuous critical self-awareness. Moving beyond simplistic insider–outsider debates, the paper contributes towards further developing reflexivity debates taking an 'intersectional reflexivity' approach. It argues for thinking about the research process and engagements in the field as socially constructed, changing, adapting and negotiated overtime and to utilise intersectionality to unpick broader categories. Finally, it encourages researchers to adopt reflexivity in their research practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Perspectives from the Netherlands on women in science.
- Author
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Dijkstra, Anne M
- Subjects
WOMEN in science ,GENDER nonconformity ,SCIENTIFIC communication ,GENDER - Abstract
The first woman to graduate from a Dutch university achieved that milestone more than 140 years ago in 1879, yet women's participation in science in the Netherlands still needs to improve. This paper presents and puts into perspective the country's latest figures for gender participation in science. It also discusses recent developments in the Netherlands regarding gender and diversity, particularly for women in science. Finally, the paper reflects on measures to increase women's participation in science in terms of both research and policy, and in relation to current Dutch developments in science communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. A glass classroom? The experiences and identities of third space women leading educational change in research-intensive universities in the UK.
- Author
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Denney, Fiona
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL change ,EDUCATIONAL leadership ,EDUCATIONAL planning ,LEADERSHIP in women ,EDUCATIONAL background - Abstract
In today's universities, women are still underrepresented in senior leadership positions. The research-focused systems and structures that support the progression of men often work against women who are drawn to alternative career paths within the academy for a variety of reasons. UK universities have seen an increase in teaching-focused career paths as well as 'Third Space' roles, which navigate an increasing space between purely professional and purely academic jobs. Since 2018, four research-intensive universities in the UK have appointed women to the position of PVC Education who have come from Third Space, academic development backgrounds. This paper explores their career paths and experiences and identifies that they have had to constantly navigate between professional and academic contracts in order to negotiate their own progression, thus creating their own space in which they are able to advance. The paper considers whether women in the Third Space end up trapped in a 'glass classroom' or whether a more fundamental political and transformational act in gender and Third Space career progression is emerging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Race, Gender, and HIV Testing: A Nationwide Study of the Social Determinants of Black Male and Female Differences in HIV Testing.
- Author
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Applewhite, Sheldon, Snowden, Fabienne, and Battle, Juan
- Subjects
BLACK men ,DIAGNOSIS of HIV infections ,RACE ,BLACK women ,BLACK people ,GENDER - Abstract
Black communities comprise 13% of the U.S. population, but accounted for 42% of all new HIV infections in 2019. Key to reducing HIV infection rates is knowing one's status. A precursor to knowing is getting tested for HIV. The more information one has concerning the ways social determinants serve as conduits and barriers to getting tested, the more beneficial to all communities, and especially marginalized ones. To help fill this gap in knowledge, this paper utilizes critical race theory and intersectionality as theoretical frameworks, employs secondary analysis of the Black sample within the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance data from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention; as well as hierarchical logistic regression modeling to examine the relative impact of health and healthcare, substance use, and key demographics on whether or not a respondent gets tested for HIV. Further, to examine gender differences across these relationships for Black adults, analyses are performed first for both genders and then separately for male and female respondents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Gender and Forced Displacement in Humanitarian Policy Discourse: The Missing Link.
- Author
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Ekanayake, Anoji, Lakshman, Rajith, Blitz, Brad K., Aghapouri, Jiyar, Javed, Amna, Malik, Maria, and Rahim, Kiran
- Subjects
WOMEN'S empowerment ,FORCED migration ,POLICY discourse ,INTERNALLY displaced persons ,LGBTQ+ communities ,GENDER - Abstract
This paper reports on a study that examines how gender has been referenced in United Nations (UN), supranational and state documents on forced migration over the past 40 years. It is motivated by the premise that humanitarian protection discourses reflect broader institutional priorities and ideologies and may therefore expose gaps that reveal the relative importance given to the category of gender. The evidence presented below is the result of an extensive review of policy documents on Afghanistan, Kurdistan Region-Iraq (KRI), and Sri Lanka contained in the Refworld database. 1 The study sought to understand how gender is mentioned in terms of 1. governmentality — a top-down policy preference, which emphasizes the management of humanitarian protection; 2. empowerment — a bottom up policy preference, which emphasizes self-actualization and self-determination: we seek to understand how agency is expressed, including how opportunities for participation feature in policy discourse; 3. inclusion — the scope of coverage of different gender categories in policy discourse; and, 4. differentiation — the particularization of needs, wishes, and demands made by women, men, and girls and boys in displacement settings. The paper finds: • Where gender and displacement are discussed together, there is greater emphasis on governmentality, which crowds out other objectives, including advancing opportunities for gender empowerment and participation. • Internally displaced persons (IDPs) tend to be treated as an operational challenge alongside security and peacebuilding. The nature of their displacement is implicit in these documents, associated within the recurring themes of land, violence, empowerment, and livelihoods. The documents mention violence, but do not widely cover maternal, sexual, and reproductive health. • The documents offer little insight into the identities of the displaced — whether female, male, children, or members of LGBT communities — and are mostly silent on their specific protection needs. Overall, the paper finds remarkably little integration of gender within the humanitarian literature on forced displacement. In spite of much advocacy by the UN, the concept of gender has not been effectively disaggregated to address the specific needs of IDPs, especially in the discussion of children. This paper argues that taking gender seriously means recognizing how protection needs may be shaped by power relationships, and how policy and practice would be enhanced by a more nuanced understanding of how vulnerabilities and opportunities are structured by gender and the specificities of the displacement context. It recommends that the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and partner UN agencies continue to find opportunities to bring humanitarian policy on gender and forced displacement into conversation in order to strengthen protection. To this end, it suggests that the concept of gender should be disaggregated to address the specific needs of displaced people, to reflect the wider range of identities of displaced people, and to foster opportunities for their empowerment, and participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Masculinity and Marriage: Interrogating Possession among Velichappad Men of Northern Kerala.
- Author
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Balu, Gayatri
- Subjects
RITES & ceremonies ,CHANNELING (Spiritualism) ,GENDER - Abstract
The paper explores the everyday gendered lives of Velichappad men. The focus of the paper is on understanding imprint of rituals of possession beyond the space of enactment to the everyday social and material life of the persons who are possessed. Focusing on the experiences of men gives a deeper insight into the gendered dimensions of possession and its differentiated experiences. In addition, this paper examines the social and economic structures that limit and transform the Velichappads. Meanings of possession are understood by situated ethnography and the non-homogeneity of male experiences is reflected through the narratives. The narratives point toward the need for a conceptual framework that understands possession within the intricacies of gender, caste, and class. Furthermore, this study supports the contention that studies of masculinity be informed by the experiences of the marginalized. Interrogating the experiences of Velichappad men charts the histories of the region's sexual economies, and its social and material embedding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. 'Boys, when they do dance, they have to do football as well, for balance': Young men's construction of a sporting masculinity.
- Author
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Harding, Sarah Nicola
- Subjects
MASCULINITY ,MASCULINE identity ,YOUNG men ,IDENTITY (Psychology) ,GENDER identity ,REWARD (Psychology) ,YOUNG women - Abstract
The construction of masculinity and identity for young men is often complex. The role of sport for young men's construction of a 'valued' masculine identity mirrors this complexity, and sport is often viewed as the paradigmatic space for displaying dominant forms of masculinity. This paper explores how young men construct their masculinity within the field of sport. Using Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, field, capital and illusio, this paper draws on semi-structured interview data with 70 young people from 3 schools in North East England (33 young men/37 young women, aged 15–16 years). The key principle is that young men are able to manipulate and manage their sporting identities, whilst being mindful of how broader gendered expectations ('etiquette') can influence which gendered identities, sports and bodies are socially valued and rewarded. Young men expressed a strong desire to conform to broader social norms which equate sport with masculinity, thus reinforcing gender-appropriate sports as more acceptable. Young men are constantly undertaking ongoing identity work to present a version of masculinity that is context and field-specific. However, the physical use of the body in a sporting field remains a paradigmatic way in which masculinity is promoted and valued for young men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. "Cowboy up": Gender, labor, and workforce housing in Colorado ski country.
- Author
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Frydenlund, Shae
- Subjects
HOUSING ,LABOR supply ,GENDER ,COWBOYS ,WOMEN employees - Abstract
Workforce housing does not reproduce all workers equally. So, what kind of workers does "workforce" housing reproduce? Whose reproduction is prioritized, whose is devalued, and how? A case study of housing access and design in three elite Vail Resorts enclaves in Colorado shows that workforce housing prioritizes the reproduction of a young, flexible androcentric workforce who can be cheaply and easily housed. Extending McIntyre and Nast's theorization of racial subsidies, I argue that resort capital awards unearned gendered subsidies to privileged workers and instantiates what Susanne Soederberg calls "displaced survival," or recursive dislocation, for women workers and those with dependents. I detail how twin processes of displaced survival and gendered subsidy emerge in resort communities using data from interviews, survey, ethnographic observation, autoethnography, and municipal records. By attending to the lived experiences of workers in this niche industry, this paper contributes to literature on geographies of exclusion and expands scholarly understandings of how the gendered political economy of labor is sedimented in housing regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Examining the Sentencing of American Indian Women in U.S. Federal District Courts.
- Author
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Kramer, Kelsey L. and Kelley, Shamika M.
- Abstract
Prior sentencing research has examined the treatment of White, Black, and Hispanic defendants; however, little attention has been paid towards other racial/ethnic groups, like American Indian defendants. Moreover, a majority of sentencing research has focused men's outcomes, disregarding the treatment and outcomes of women. Therefore, this paper examines the outcomes of American Indian women in federal district courts using United States Sentencing Commission (USSC) data from FY2015 to FY2019. We situate our research within an intersectional framework and use the chivalry, evil women, and focal concerns perspectives to understand the sentencing outcomes of American Indian women. Our results indicate that American Indian women are similarly disadvantaged at the incarceration, and sentence length decisions as other racial/ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. 'I produce songs for her .... In this way, I gradually know her more. The more I know her, the more I like her': Using Collins' model of interactive ritual chains to study the case of virtual idol fandom in China.
- Author
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Chen, Zirui and Skey, Michael
- Subjects
YOUNG adults ,FANS (Persons) ,RITUAL ,BUSINESS revenue ,SEMI-structured interviews ,FOOD chains - Abstract
In the last decade, virtual idols have become increasingly popular among young people in China with news reports estimating a fan-base of around 300 million and total industry revenues of over $35 billion in 2020 (Bloomberg, 2021). Despite these startling figures, there have been few empirical studies of virtual idol fandom. To address this lacuna, this paper explores the ways in which fans engage with the Chinese virtual idol Luo Tianyi and uses insights from Randall Collin's (2004) work on Interactive Ritual Chains (IRC) to understand the relationship between digital fan practices and the generation of both emotional responses and a wider sense of solidarity Semi-structured interviews with fans, alongside digital participant observation, indicate the key role fans have to play in promoting their idol, notably when it comes to producing original content designed to raise her profile. It is these activities, in conjunction with gender differences, that are used to define hierarchies within the community, and point to the importance of adopting a more critical perspective in relation to Collins' original work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. What do young women want? Using a qualitative survey to explore the potential for feminist-informed mental health peer support.
- Author
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Moulding, Nicole, Jarldorn, Michele, and Deuter, Kate
- Subjects
SOCIAL support ,STRATEGIC planning ,FOCUS groups ,FEMINISM ,MENTAL health ,PEER counseling ,VIOLENCE ,NONBINARY people ,QUALITATIVE research ,EXPERIENCE ,GENDER ,SURVEYS ,LGBTQ+ people ,RESEARCH funding ,THEMATIC analysis ,WOMEN'S health ,GENDER inequality ,GAY people ,ADULTS - Abstract
Intersecting gender and other social inequalities are pertinent to women's mental health across the life course. Gendered violence and other forms of gender inequality in particular play a key role in the higher burden of psychological distress carried by young women. However, the context of gendered violence is often minimised or overlooked entirely when young women seek help or advice around mental health concerns. This is especially the case for young women under the age of 30 years. This paper reports on a research study exploring how young women in Australia understand their mental health, and the scope for new approaches to support that better address their needs. A qualitative survey undertaken with 52 Australian young women was used to explore the nature of their mental health experiences, sought to learn about the strategies they used when experiencing poor mental health and the scope for mental health peer support as an alternative approach to intervention. Responses from a diverse group of young women demonstrated that they understood the role that gendered violence and gender inequality played in their mental health. Findings point to the risk of slippage between young women's understandings of their lived experience and those of traditional service providers, demonstrating the risks associated with minimising or ignoring of the gendered nature of young women's mental health problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Disturbing hierarchies. Sexual harassment and the politics of intimacy in fieldwork.
- Author
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Harries, Bethan
- Subjects
INTIMACY (Psychology) ,PRACTICAL politics ,DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,CONVERSATION ,PEER relations ,INTERVIEWING ,RACE ,SEXUAL harassment ,FIELDWORK (Educational method) ,QUALITATIVE research ,INTERSECTIONALITY ,RESEARCH funding ,ETHNIC groups ,POWER (Social sciences) ,REFLECTION (Philosophy) - Abstract
This paper examines how sexual harassment is often mediated through the making of imagined complicities that are constructed to imply that an alliance/compliance underpins the relationship and 'justifies' the harassment. It is concerned with how the making and doing of intimacies engages with broader hierarchical structures of power, including structures of inequality. Fieldwork is viewed as a site in which the politics of intimacy exposes normative expectations and structures of inequality. Specifically, the discussion exposes how processes of Othering are mobilised by participants as a means to cultivate imagined complicities but expose discrimination. The paper calls for a reappraisal of the focus placed on building rapport and/or a sense of familiarity in qualitative research to take account of multiple forms of intimacies and risks they can entail. This is increasingly prescient in light of the renewed emphasis on participatory methods and co-production which entail closer working relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. A Question of Gender: Gender classification in international research.
- Author
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Cartwright, Trixie and Nancarrow, Clive
- Subjects
GENDER ,SCIENTIFIC community ,GENDER identity ,CLASSIFICATION ,PARTICIPANT observation - Abstract
The research community acknowledges that in many countries and cultures there is greater recognition of the diversity of genders with which people identify. In this paper we define and discuss the categories of "sex", "gender" and related categories and how research participants might identify themselves within these categories. We discuss methods researchers use to classify participants. We examine in depth the principal method the research community uses, namely "asking questions", but we also cover techniques based on observation. We evaluate the possible formats of questions – the introductory question posed, the response options, and, where appropriate, offer suggestions. We note the implications for international research, especially in countries where diversity and associated inclusivity are not yet recognised. The need for research in different cultures is recommended. We note the consequences and implications of adopting or not adopting questions that recognise diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The under representation of women coaches in high-performance sport.
- Author
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Serpell, Benjamin G., Harrison, Darlene, Dower, Rae, and Cook, Christian J.
- Subjects
COACHES (Athletics) ,GENDER nonconformity ,TEAM sports ,GENDER identity ,MINORITIES - Abstract
High-performance sport is still not appropriately addressing issues that perpetuate women's underrepresentation in elite sport coaching and leadership. Therefore, it is also unlikely representation for other minority groups in high-performance sport will be achieved any time soon. For high-performance sport to progress, there is an opportunity to create environments that foster a variety of coaching styles with diverse racial, ethnic and gender identities. This paper points to statistics from elite football and Olympic sports to highlight the issue of the underrepresentation of women coaches in high-performance sport and draws upon a range of literature to inform an evidence-based and strategic approach to designing development in the context of increasing coach and leader gender diversity in these settings. It explores leadership in high-performance sport, learning and development, and high-performance sport environments. We argue future focused development should prepare high-performance sport leaders to intervene at an environmental level where they provide leadership, facilitate performance enablers, and engage athletes and performance staff to shape cultural change [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Women have leadership advantages – on why that matters and how it may help us.
- Author
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Adams, Sophia JL
- Subjects
LEADERSHIP in women ,DIVERSITY in the workplace ,MENTAL health ,LEADERSHIP ,LABOR supply - Abstract
Objective: Diversity in the workforce is a recognised component of highly functioning teams but remains aspirational in the Australian mental health context. There continue to be significant obstacles to true workforce diversity. The objective of this paper is to outline some of the skills and advantages women in established leadership roles have by dint of their lived workforce experience and how these skills may inform leadership approaches and capacity building potential for the benefit of the system. Conclusions: Leaders must synthesise, capacity build, maintain a systems and future focus and hold a vision to harness the skills of others. This paper outlines why women may have some unique capabilities as a consequence of a gender socialised world and describes approaches that contribute to cohesive, diverse and engaged teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Dirty work in the clean city: An embodied Urban Political Ecology of women informal recyclers' work in the 'clean city'.
- Author
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Wittmer, Josie
- Abstract
This paper investigates the ways that 'cleaning up' Indian cities impacts those who rely on accessing waste on city streets for their livelihoods. I focus on low-income Dalit women recyclers in Ahmedabad, India as they navigate material and discursive shifts in urban waste management emanating from the national Swachh Bharat Abhiyan and 2016 Solid Waste Management Rules, and the municipal privatization and mechanization of solid waste management practice. The study is informed by 10 months of ethnographic research and a series of interviews and group discussions with women recyclers between 2016 and 2018. Using a feminist embodied Urban Political Ecology approach, I suggest the imagining and production of the 'clean and green' world-class city is affecting Dalit women recyclers' work in two ways. First, I argue that emerging cleanliness governance mechanisms and solid waste management practices are re-spatializing and masculinizing waste labour in the city. I show how spatial, discursive and temporal shifts in solid waste management are producing new challenges for Dalit women recyclers in accessing waste, intensifying their physical and financial burdens and requiring more precarious adaptations to generate daily incomes. Second, I explore women recyclers' own clean city aspirations, expressing a desire to experience the 'clean and green' city and a simultaneous sense of betrayal as their livelihoods, communities and bodies are excluded from its imagining and material production. I suggest that an embodied intersectional analysis of waste labour reveals how the imagining and production of clean and sustainable 'modern' cities can cause damage to socially marginalized and gendered bodies as they are displaced from work and denied the substantive experience of urban citizenship in the 'world-class' city. Attention to embodiment thus deepens an understanding of the complexities and contradictions invoked in urban environmental governance and infrastructural transformations, informing the imagining and production of more equitable and reparative urban futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Community Grievances, personal responsibility, and DIY protection: Frustrations and solution-seeking among marginalized Twitch streamers.
- Author
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Tomlinson, Christine
- Subjects
RESPONSIBILITY ,VIRTUAL communities ,SOCIAL media ,FRUSTRATION ,CONSCIOUSNESS raising ,DO-it-yourself work - Abstract
Online spaces offer fan communities and content creators many outlets for expressing their interests, but they also tend to place users in positions where they encounter hostility, toxicity, and gatekeeping. In the case of online streaming on Twitch, users frequently encounter hostility based on identity and seek assistance from fellow users via social media. In this project, I highlight the ways that social media is used to try to organize against discriminatory cultures toward marginalized streamers. Ultimately, I find that much of the onus is placed directly on streamers themselves to circumvent, address, and keep themselves safe despite harassment. In this paper, I will argue that this feeds into the structures and cultures that allow racist and sexist hostilities in online and gaming spaces by placing responsibility – and blame – on individual users from marginalized backgrounds. Although the community is frequently supportive of users who seek advice for addressing hostility and there are attempts at raising awareness through collective online action, the lack of apparent resolution leaves many feeling that these experiences are inevitable, immutable, and within the realm of individual responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. 'I keep forgetting them': Lacrosse, indigenous women and girls and reconciliation in Canada.
- Author
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Holmes, Avery, Giles, Audrey R, and Hayhurst, Lyndsay
- Abstract
In Canada, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) released its list of Calls to Action (CTA) in 2015, and five Calls were directly related to reconciliation and sport. Within these five sport-related CTA, there was no specific reference to gender. Lacrosse, as an Indigenous cultural practice that has been culturally appropriated by white settlers, is a complex site to investigate how the TRC's CTA is (or are not) being implemented and the ways in which these efforts are gendered. In this paper, we examined how staff at Canadian lacrosse organizations address the CTA and Indigenous women's and girls' participation in lacrosse. Through the use of Indigenous feminist theory, feminist methodologies informed by the tenets of Indigenous methodologies, semi-structured interviews and reflexive thematic analysis, our findings demonstrate that Indigenous women and girls are commonly overlooked, and gender is typically an afterthought within the implementation of sport-related CTA by lacrosse organizing bodies in Canada – if they are implemented at all. As a result, we argue that there is a need to make gender a central organizing principle when lacrosse organizations within Canada implement the TRC's CTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The dangers of masculine technological optimism: Why feminist, antiracist values are essential for social justice, economic justice, and climate justice.
- Author
-
Stephens, Jennie C.
- Subjects
CLIMATE justice ,DISTRIBUTIVE justice ,SOCIAL justice ,SOCIAL innovation ,ANTI-racism ,CLIMATE change denial ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
Responding to the climate crisis requires social and economic innovation—because climate change is a symptom of patriarchal capitalist systems that are concentrating—rather than distributing—wealth and power. Despite the need for social and economic innovation, technological innovation continues to be prioritized in climate policy and climate investments. This paper reviews the dangers of technological optimism in climate policy by exploring its links to patriarchal systems and masculinity. The disproportionate focus on science and technology emerges from and reinforces “climate isolationism,” a term that I use to refer to the common framing of climate change as an isolated discrete, scientific problem in need of technological solutions. This framing stems from assumptions of patriarchal white-male conceptions of privilege and power that evolve from a colonizing and controlling mindset. Masculine technological optimism is dangerous because it is exclusive, it minimizes the need for social change and social innovation, and it is ineffective in catalyzing inclusive societal transformation. This paper argues that embracing feminist, antiracist values is necessary for transformative climate policies, economic justice, and climate justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Enhancing critical social work practice: Using text-based vignettes in qualitative research.
- Author
-
Kia, Hannah
- Subjects
PROFESSIONAL practice ,HIV infections ,FOCUS groups ,GROUNDED theory ,RESEARCH methodology ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,CHANGE ,TRANSPHOBIA ,GENDER-nonconforming people ,INTERVIEWING ,SOCIAL stigma ,EXPERIENCE ,QUALITATIVE research ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,ORGANIZATIONAL change ,SOCIAL worker attitudes ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,RESEARCH funding ,CASE studies ,CHILD welfare ,SOCIAL services ,TRANSGENDER people ,SECONDARY analysis ,CISGENDER people - Abstract
There exist ongoing calls among social work scholars and practitioners to cultivate applied knowledge of critical and emancipatory practice. In this paper, I explore the utility of text-based vignettes as instruments that can be used to elicit insight from marginalized service users on critical social work practice. To do this work, I draw on data from interviews with 20 transgender and gender diverse (TGD) social service users, along with 10 social workers, whose responses to a text-based vignette were originally used to build an understanding of the constituents of equitable social work practice with TGD people. Incorporating critical pragmatism as a conceptual framework and constructivist grounded theory as a methodological orientation, I analyze data from this study as an exemplar that substantiates the promise of using text-based vignettes in qualitative social work research to generate knowledge of critical social work practice. Specifically, I demonstrate how text-based vignettes in this study (1) contextualized the meaning, significance, and impact of oppression for service users, (2) built insight on practice that reflects solidarity and allyship, and (3) identified opportunities for social workers' reflexive use of professional power to effect change. Accounting for the tensions between empiricism and critical praxis in social work, I consider the promise of incorporating text-based vignettes to develop empirical social work literature that is rooted in the voices of marginalized service users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. "The spectators ask, is it a boy or a girl? What is it?": Cultural cisgenderism and trans men's sporting experiences in Iran.
- Author
-
Afroozeh, Mohammad Sadegh, Phipps, Catherine, Afrouzeh, Ali, Mehri, Ameneh, and Alipour Asiri, Zahra
- Subjects
TRANS men ,GENDER essentialism ,WOMEN'S sports ,GENDER expression ,GENDER identity ,SEX (Biology) ,SPORTS participation - Abstract
In this article, we draw on cultural cisgenderism to analyse the sporting experiences of trans men in Iran. Utilising semi-structured interviews with twelve trans men in different stages of transition, we consider their experiences of women's sport environments, the extent to which cisnormativity is embedded into the culture, and whether their gender identities are accepted. We found that essentialist understandings of sex and gender are evident in sport environments, with gender presentation policed by others, and expectations this should align with ascribed biological sex. While some interviewees' masculine expressions were valued, others were considered 'too masculine' to be eligible to participate in women's sport spaces; this led to restrictions around appearance and clothing, alongside instances of compulsory hormone testing. Finally, for those who were 'out' about their gender identity, this often led to hostility from others, including coaches, teammates, and spectators. Overall, this paper provides a critical understanding of trans inclusion in sport spaces in Iran. However, the findings may be useful for anyone working to make sport more accessible, regardless of geographical location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The Use and Effectiveness of the Whole School Approach in School-Based Interventions Addressing Gender-Based Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.
- Author
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Nyoni, Thabani, Steiner, Jordan J., Okumu, Moses, Orwenyo, Evalyne, Tonui, Betty C., Lipsey, Kim, and Mengo, Cecilia
- Subjects
ONLINE information services ,MEDICAL databases ,SCHOOL health services ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,VIOLENCE ,GENDER ,MEDLINE ,SUB-Saharan Africans ,HEALTH promotion - Abstract
Adolescents and young people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) experience high rates of gender-based violence (GBV). The whole school approach (WSA) is an established benchmark of effective school-based interventions to address this issue. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature using PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar (1) to determine the characteristics, measured outcomes, and effectiveness of school-based GBV interventions and (2) to examine each papers' alignment with WSA and methodological quality. We developed a comprehensive intervention characteristics form for data extraction and analyzed the selected studies' quality using the modified Methodological Quality Rating Scale. To measure alignment with WSA implementation standards, we expanded the application of the WSA by creating the Whole School Approach Rating Scale (WSARS) for assessing school-based GBV interventions. Most interventions (n = 14/16) we reviewed effectively addressed at least one of the three outcomes of interest (i.e., sexual violence, physical violence, and GBV-related knowledge/attitudes). Over half (n = 9/16) of the studies were rated high on the WSARS. However, we observed no significant differences in effectiveness between studies rated high and those rated low on the WSARS. Our results indicate that school-based GBV interventions could be an effective and sustainable strategy for addressing GBV in and around schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. A Medical-Legal and Psychological Systematic Review on Vitriolage Related to Gender-Based Violence.
- Author
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Barchielli, Benedetta, Lausi, Giulia, Pizzo, Alessandra, Messineo, Manuel, Del Casale, Antonio, Giannini, Anna Maria, and Ferracuti, Stefano
- Subjects
RISK of violence ,MENTAL illness risk factors ,ONLINE information services ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,CULTURE ,GENDER role ,ACIDS ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,PSYCHOLOGICAL vulnerability ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,AGE distribution ,DOMESTIC violence ,CRIMINALS ,VIOLENCE ,RACE ,GENDER ,RISK assessment ,CRIME victims ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,SOCIOECONOMIC status ,SOCIAL isolation ,INTIMATE partner violence ,SEX crimes ,SOCIAL classes ,ALCOHOL drinking ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,MEDLINE ,EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
Attacks perpetrated using acid are a particular form of interpersonal violence, possibly one of the most heinous manifestations of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Acid attacks are mainly motivated by extramarital cheating, marital conflicts, women's rejection of marriage proposals, and sexual advances. As these attacks are not well understood from a psychological perspective, we conducted a systematic review, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, of 284 articles identified, 13 were eligible for inclusion. Three main focuses were identified: "Risk and vulnerability factors," "Consequences and implications," and "Interventions and treatments." Acid attacks seem to be more frequent in countries where social and economic development leads to greater tensions over traditional gender roles like Bangladesh, Pakistan, and India. Identified risk factors were young age, low socioeconomic status, low educational attainment, ethnicity, unemployment status of the victim, alcohol, and drug use of the perpetrator. Among the main psychosocial consequences of acid attacks, isolation and social exclusion emerged. Additionally, the paper will discuss the role of mental health consequences and specific treatments from psychological, clinical, and medical-legal points of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. What's So Great About GTO ?: Evolving Discourses of Japanese Masculinity in Great Teacher Onizuka.
- Author
-
Kosciesza, Aiden James and Darling-Wolf, Fabienne
- Subjects
MASCULINITY ,FINANCIAL crises ,FUKUSHIMA Nuclear Accident, Fukushima, Japan, 2011 ,NUCLEAR accidents ,TEACHERS ,TELEVISION adaptations - Abstract
This paper explores evolving discourses of masculinity in the Japanese socio-cultural context through a textual analysis of two live-action television adaptations of Great Teacher Onizuka (GTO), a popular manga. Broadcast respectively in 1998, one year after the onset of the Asian Financial Crisis, and 2012, one year after the Fukushima nuclear disaster, the two shows provide a unique opportunity to examine the disruption and/or reconfiguration of hegemonic discourses around gender in their respective historical moments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. " I ' m Actually a Female Empowerer ": Student Perspectives on a Critical Pedagogical Approach to Re/Engage At-Risk Females in School.
- Author
-
MacMaoilir, Eóin and McGillicuddy, Deirdre
- Subjects
STUDENT attitudes ,SELF-confidence ,EMPATHY ,AT-risk students ,CRITICAL analysis ,WOMEN'S empowerment ,URBAN education - Abstract
Internationally, there is increasing concern regarding the disengagement of marginalized students, particularly girls, from the formal education system, particularly since Covid-19. Students experiencing oppression/marginalization within urban education systems are considered at-risk from poor attendance, early school leaving, underperformance, low self-confidence, and social exclusion. In considering Paolo Freire's conceptualization of education as "the practice of freedom," this paper presents findings from an intervention, the Female Empowerment Group, a critical pedagogical approach to re/engaging at-risk female students in school. The Female Empowerment Group created a space for at-risk female students to explore complex contemporary issues shaping the intersectionality of their identities as marginalized, feminized, and politicized citizens in/outside school. Drawing on findings from a mixed methods design (quantitative surveys (n = 21 girls), qualitative interviews (n = 9 students, 7 teachers, 2 parents), Ketso (n = 9 students), this study presents the power of critical pedagogy for empowering and re/engaging at-risk students in school. Findings illustrate the powerful impact of a critical pedagogical approach for empowering students, enhancing self-confidence, motivation, empathy, and engagement with issues impacting their lives. Reported outcomes included more positive relationships with adults/peers, increased re/engagement in class and enhanced sense of belonging in school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Where spirituality and religion meet gender and sexuality: Toward a research agenda for intersectional marketing theory.
- Author
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Rinallo, Diego, Santana, Jannsen, Zanette, Maria Carolina, Appau, Samuelson, Coffin, Jack, Eckhardt, Giana M., Eichert, Christian A., Husemann, Katharina C., Kedzior, Richard, Moufahim, Mona, Rodner, Victoria, and Stevens, Lorna
- Subjects
MARKETING theory ,SPIRITUALITY ,GENDER ,INTERSECTIONALITY ,RESEARCH personnel - Abstract
During a roundtable discussion at the 2022 GENMAC Conference, a group of researchers specializing in religiosity and spiritual consumption, using examples from their own fieldwork, reflected on how (i) researchers' subject positioning—including their gender and sexuality—shape fieldwork in multifaceted manners; (ii) investigations of religious/spiritual fields would benefit from a heightened sensitivity to issues of gender and sexuality; and (iii) greater sensitivity to aspects of religion and/or spirituality can help gender and sexuality scholars better understand consumers and markets. Based on the above, in this commentary paper, we call for intersectional reflexivity, attention to vulnerability and discomfort during fieldwork, and critical sensitivity to the religious "context of context" during theorization. Furthermore, we argue that specific spiritual/religious imaginaries can foster new research approaches that can contribute to more nuanced fieldwork and theorization in marketing and consumer research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Background Checks: Disentangling Class, Race, and Gender in CRPG Character Creators.
- Author
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Iantorno, Michael and Consalvo, Mia
- Subjects
RACE ,BACKGROUND checks ,STEREOTYPES ,GENDER ,ROLEPLAYING games - Abstract
Character backgrounds are one of many elements players use to customize their protagonists in fantasy computer role-playing games. By documenting the narrative trappings, mechanical benefits, and hierarchical availability of character backgrounds in Arcanum: Of Steamworks and Magick Obscura (2001) and Dragon Age: Origins (2009), this paper considers how real-world socioeconomic class markers and racial stereotypes have been repeatedly associated with fictitious races such as orcs, dwarves, and elves. Class is an understudied axis of identity in media studies and this research scrutinizes how developers construct socioeconomic class, particularly through character-creator interfaces. We begin by building a theoretical repertoire for studying identity in digital game interfaces while also scrutinizing long-established discourses of race and gender in the fantasy genre. We then analyze the hierarchies embedded in both games' character creators, connecting them with broader gameplay and narrative themes and contextualizing them in established media stereotypes and existing scholarship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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