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Aim To investigate the expression of CX3 CL1 and its receptor, CX3 CR1, in the development of periapical lesions induced in rats and explore the possible role of these substances in the pathogenesis of periapical lesions. Methodology Periapical lesions in mandibular first molar teeth were established in 30 rats following pulp exposure to the oral environment. The animals were killed 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days after lesion induction. The development of periapical lesions was investigated by histological and enzyme histochemical examination. The distributions of CX3 CL1 and CX3 CR1 in the periapical tissue were examined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. Osteoclasts and CX3 CL1-positive cells were counted in each specimen. The data were then analysed by one-way anova using the SPSS 13.0 statistical package. Results The lesions expanded from days 0 to 14 and stabilized thereafter. Where expansion of the periapical lesion was most evident, numerous CX3 CL1-positive cells were observed around the apical foramen and adjacent periapical areas. From days 21 to 42, subjacent connective tissues presented intense CX3 CL1 immunostaining in inflammatory cells with different morphologies, such as round, oval and fibroblastic. The number of CX3 CL1-positive cells increased from days 7 to 28, but decreased on day 42 post-operation. Double immunofluorescence staining showed CX3 CL1- and CX3 CR1-positive cells around periapical lesions surrounding the apical foramen. Most CX3 CL1-positive cells were mononuclear in nature, which suggests the presence of macrophages, infiltrating neutrophils and lymphocytes, and overlapped with CX3 CR1-positive cells. Conclusions CX3 CL1 and CX3 CR1 are related to the development of periapical lesions. The chemokine and its receptor may be involved in the progression of tissue destruction, including bone resorption, during periapical inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parthenocarpy (seedless fruit) has potential for increasing yield in cucumber ( Cucumis sativus var. sativus L.). To determine the inheritance of parthenocarpy in gynoecious cucumber, P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1P1, and BC1P2 generations derived from crossing two non-parthenocarpic gynoecious inbred lines [Gy8 (P2; processing type) and ‘Marketmore 80’ (P2; MM, fresh market type)] with a highly parthenocarpic inbred line [2A (P1; processing type)] were evaluated for fruit number in a greenhouse at Arlington, Wisc. in 1999 (designated 2A × Gy8 1999) and in the open-field at Hancock, Wisc. in 2000 (designated 2A × Gy8 2000 and 2A × MM 2000). There were significant location and location × generation interaction effects, and therefore generation means analyses were conducted separately for each location. The minimum numbers of effective factors controlling parthenocarpy were estimated to be at least one (2A × Gy8 1999), two (2A × Gy8 2000) and four (2A × MM 2000). Results suggest that selection for parthenocarpy for multiple hand harvest operations will likely be more effective than that for once-over machine harvest operations. However, the selection efficiency will likely vary across different populations and environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Our aim is to evaluate the expression of SATB1 in human oral squamous cell carcinomas ( OSCC) and its role in the invasiveness and metastasis of OSCC. Subjects and methods A human OSCC tissue microarray was used to evaluate the expression pattern of SATB1. SATB1 mRNA knockdown was performed in human OSCC cell lines SCC25 and Cal27 to assess the function of SATB1 in the invasiveness and metastasis of OSCC. Results SATB1 is highly expressed in human OSCC determined by immunohistochemistry, and its nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio of histoscore is significantly correlated with patients' prognosis. Reduced cell motility, invasiveness, expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition ( EMT) markers (N-cadherin and β-catenin), and elevated expression of epithelial markers were observed in SATB1-knockdown cells in in vitro studies. Depletion of SATB1 also restored a cobblestone-like morphology in TGF-β1-treated cells. Conclusions These findings suggest SATB1 may play an important role in OSCC invasiveness and metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]