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Controllability is a hot issue in complex networks. In this paper, without changing the number and the positions of the controllers, the effect of interdependence (viz., inter‐coupling relations) between two directed subnets that are controllable or uncontrollable on the structural controllability of complex networks is investigated. According to the Kalman rank criterion and PBH rank criterion, some sufficient conditions and necessary conditions for the structural controllability or uncontrollability of interdependent networks are presented. The results show that (1) if the uncontrollable and controllable nodes in one subnet are inter‐coupled with the controllable and uncontrollable nodes in the other subnet, respectively, and the directions are from controllable nodes to the uncontrollable nodes, then the interdependent network may be controllable; (2) the interdependent network can be obtained structurally controllable if there are simply directed paths covering all the uncontrollable nodes of the two subnets, separately; and (3) the interdependent networks are structurally controllable no matter what kind of inter‐couplings between two controllable subnets. All of these results are adaptive to undirected subnets. The final example verifies the effectiveness and correctness of the results provided in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to begin a discussion on researcher self‐care in response to the state of contemporary academia, which sees increasing issues of academic stress and anxiety, and the growing use of facile metrics. Specifically, we wish to explore the potential a critical engagement with self‐care poses for ourselves as academics and the communities of which we are a part – what kinpaisby (2008) refers to as the "communiversity." Our central argument is that self‐care may be regarded as a radical act that can push against the interests of the neoliberal university. We illustrate how researcher self‐care can be engaged as a reflexive process that operates to create and inform change within our communities through recognising ourselves as networked actors, rather than self‐contained individuals as the neoliberal ideology would have us believe. This paper is intended as an opening towards a much larger discussion regarding academia – of the communities, work environments, and "impacts" we wish to be a part of and how to begin working towards realising these. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Talk by members of executive hospital boards influences the organizational positioning of nurses. Talk is a relational leadership practice. Using a qualitative‐interpretive design we organized focus group meetings wherein members of executive hospital boards (7), nurses (14), physicians (7), and managers (6), from 15 Dutch hospitals, discussed the organizational positioning of nursing during COVID crisis. We found that members of executive hospital boards consider the positioning of nursing in crisis a task of nurses themselves and not as a collective, interdependent, and/or specific board responsibility. Furthermore, members of executive hospital boards talk about the nursing profession as (1) more practical than strategic, (2) ambiguous in positioning, and (3) distinctive from the medical profession. Such talk seemingly contrasts with the notion of interdependence that highlights how actors depend on each other in interaction. Interdependence is central to collaboration in hospital crises. In this paper, therefore, we depart from the members of executive hospital boards as leader and "positioner," and focus on talk—as a discursive leadership practice—to illuminate leadership and governance in hospitals in crisis, as social, interdependent processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on recent debates between the proponents of individualism and communitarianism. As the authors argue, the dichotomous character of these debates is inherently problematic, as no one functions just as an individual or member. Starting from the discussion around the Netflix series "Unorthodox" in the Swedish context, the authors engage with Sharon Todd's radical conception of plurality, and K.E. Løgstrup's notions of interdependence and the resulting ethical demand to show how these debates could be reframed into the constructive tension between plurality and universality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present review, the author draws upon Bell's (1987) critical race theory – especially as reflected in Crenshaw's (1989) construct of intersectionality – en route to examining the results of four studies of international relationship processes that have been published since 2002 (i.e., Holzapfel et al., 2018; Kaya et al., 2019; Kuramoto, 2018 and van Mol & de Valk, 2016). One common theme that emerged from the four studies was the importance of satisfaction‐related processes in international relationships – a theme that Thibaut and Kelley's (1959) interdependence theory would anticipate within intranational and international relationships alike. Although persons from African, Central American, and South American nations are conspicuously missing from the studies in question, the author does not attribute such omissions to structural racism. Implications for future research on inclusivity and the dynamics of international relationships are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent discussions of the geographies of students have drawn attention to the trajectories of UK students electing to leave home for university. While such debates recognise these important mobilities, little has been discussed as to how students interact within their term-time accommodation. Through a qualitative study of the living arrangements of UK students, this paper will demonstrate that much can be drawn from focusing on the micro-geographies of non-local students within their term-time homes. Student accommodation is more than simply somewhere to live. Student homes are intensely dynamic places, perhaps more so than family homes as they contain multiple, disconnected identities. This research contributes to research on the geographies of the home by unpacking how house-sharers in transition interact with each other, how they transfer their identities from one home to another, how they delineate their territory and whether they integrate or withdraw within their term-time accommodation. This paper addresses this by exploring (1) how students negotiate their habitualised behaviours in shared spaces and (2) how these behaviours become spatialised through the configuration and maintenance of boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT While environmental and social research have generated a large amount of information and data on how values and environmental ethics relate to sustainable development, there are no studies that examine the missing links reflected in the terminology of the sustainable development definition that alienates it from its ecological ethos. This paper reviews the concept of sustainable development that continues to remain vague even two decades after the Brundtland Commission report. It then examines the limitations in the contemporary anthropocentric conceptualization of sustainable development with a utilitarian ethic and argues for a more ecocentric reinterpretation of its definition that is more inclusive and incorporates recognition of the socio-ecological values. The paper concludes with a call for a revised global resolution and a framework for sustainable development based on its reinterpretation that recognizes the interdependence of humans with the rest of the ecosphere. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines affluence and poverty interdependence across 185 countries and its evolution over 1969–2014. To estimate affluence and poverty interdependence and derive tail interdependences the tail copulae are applied to multivariate density function. The tail coefficients are estimated in the non‐parametric way as in Schmidt and Stadtmüller (2006). The estimates show, that poverty is less interdependent and continue to decrease, while affluence has asymptotically high global dependence, meaning a higher global dependence on and sensitivity to the well‐being of the affluent countries. The received results derive the pattern of the extreme interdependence and can help to identify poverty and affluence spill‐over across countries and regions and calculate the average sensitivity of a country to these phenomena on the global level and can potentially help in poverty reduction strategies within the Sustainable Development Goal by the United Nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the mutuality of values, claims and social relations in the process of social change. Values are not separable from social relations but are embedded in the shaping and reshaping of social difference and interdependence. The paper focuses on developments around the turn of the twentieth century, and analyses changes in the relative social positioning of children and adults, and women and men, shifting patterns of interdependence, and linked values and ideas about difference. The reconfiguring of generational and gender relations was integral to the first fertility decline, to transformation in family life and societal divisions of labour, and to the embedding of particular values and claims regarding gendered difference, identities and gender appropriate roles. Analysis of these developments reveals the mutuality of 'cultural' and 'material' processes and holds lessons for interpreting social change today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are suspicious of the mob, the gang, the enmeshed relationship. We also know no one can be an island. Our heroes tend to be loners – the solo detective, those who live free under the stars – but we esteem individuals who devote themselves to others. We want to belong, but we don't want to be owned. Like a game of Snakes and Ladders, there are trap‐doors and escalators in the theme Dependence or independence: Which is the dirty word? This paper explores the frisson and the conflicts in the complex relationships between dependence and independence. Following an introductory vignette, a schematic account is presented of the diverse ways 'dependence' and 'independence' can be theoretically interpreted including by systems theory. A deeper attention is then paid to honouring the importance of 'dependence' and 'independence' as key referents in everyday subjectivity. A first‐person account of mental illness is drawn on to illustrate this theme. A final section examines the implications for family therapy practice that arise from the above analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that the practical reach and ethical impact of the One Health paradigm is conditional on satisfactorily distinguishing between interconnected and interdependent factors among human, non‐human, and environmental health. Interconnection does not entail interdependence. Offering examples of interconnections and interdependence in the context of existing One Health literature, we demonstrate that the conversations about One Health do not yet sufficiently differentiate between those concepts. They tend to either ignore such distinctions or embrace bioethically untenable positions. We conclude that careful conceptual differentiation can prevent One Health stakeholders either from over‐reaching or under‐reaching the practical and ethical boundaries of this developing paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community psychology's history has traditionally been described within the context of U.S. history, silencing contributions from people of color from the Americas, Asia, the Pacific Islands, and Africa. In a MA/PhD specialization in Community Psychology, Liberation Psychology, Indigenous Psychologies, and Ecopsychology at Pacifica Graduate Institute, we are attempting to steer into critical dialogues about modernity, coloniality, and decoloniality, closely examining our curriculum and pedagogy, including our approaches to fieldwork and research. Turning to Indigenous psychologists, decolonial and critical race theorists, and cultural workers within the U.S. and from the Global South, we are attempting to challenge coloniality in the social sciences, community psychology, and in our own thinking and teaching to unmask hegemonic assumptions and open space for decolonial theory and practice. In this paper, we explore ways in which we are working with our graduate students and faculty to co‐construct a decolonial curriculum that integrates decoloniality so that knowledges from historically silenced locations, as well as anti‐racist and other decolonial praxes can co‐exist and thrive. Highlights: Critical community psychology educators must confront injustice. Injustice in the forms of colonialism, neoliberal globalization, coloniality, and capitalism. Developing decoloniality in education requires clarity of intention and critical dialogue. Key is solidarity with those who live and practice decolonial forms of resistance. Doctoral education is a paradox, accompanying communities with humility as we move toward justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Reliability and risk assessment of lifeline systems call for efficient methods that integrate hazard and interdependencies. Such methods are computationally challenged when the probabilistic response of systems is tied to multiple events, as performance quantification requires a large catalog of ground motions. Available methods to address this issue use catalog reductions and importance sampling. However, besides comparisons against baseline Monte Carlo trials in select cases, there is no guarantee that such methods will perform or scale well in practice. This paper proposes a new efficient method for reliability assessment of interdependent lifeline systems, termed RAILS, that considers systemic performance and is particularly effective when dealing with large catalogs of events. RAILS uses the state‐space partition method to estimate systemic reliability with theoretical bounds and, for the first time, supports cyclic interdependencies among lifeline systems. Recycling computations across an entire seismic catalog with RAILS considerably reduces the number of system performance evaluations in seismic performance studies. Also, when performance estimate bounds are not tight, we adopt an importance and stratified sampling method that in our computational experiments is various orders of magnitude more efficient than crude Monte Carlo. We assess the efficiency of RAILS using synthetic networks and illustrate its application to quantify the seismic risk of realistic yet streamlined systems hypothetically located in the San Francisco Bay Region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines financial integration, interdependence and exogeneity within and between Latin American banking and Eurobanking systems during a period of relative stability after the oil and debt crises of the 1980s. Significant evidence of cointegration in both long- and short-term relationships is reported. Within Latin America, exogeneity lies mainly with the Brazilian system. Within Eurobanking, the U.S. system is the dominant influence. Between Eurobanking and Latin American banking systems, the U.S. system is the major driving force. With continued interdependence of these banking systems, systemic risk lingers, and vigilance is required in banking supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The management of strategic buyer-supplier relationships is a critical concern for sourcing managers. The selection of key suppliers and how relationships with these suppliers are managed and incentivized can dramatically affect the buying company's performance. While the extant literature focusing on industrial buyer-supplier relationships is significant, the severe economic downturn beginning in 2008 tested buyer-supplier relationships in unprecedented ways, yielding new insights. The research presented in this paper uses dyadic cases to investigate transformations within industrial relationships during the economic downturn. Propositions are formulated that focus on why and how firms responded to the downturn. Three primary types of relationships are identified. The results indicate variation in the ways buying companies managed their key supplier relationships during the downturn: some firms behaved more cooperatively and found ways to jointly confront the effects of the downturn, while others responded by behaving competitively to maximize their individual outcomes. The results further suggest that researchers need to revisit existing models of relationship development and dissolution to understand how these relationships evolve or devolve. The research also raises questions about the value of physical and human asset specificity, and social investments in curtailing opportunistic behavior in times of severe economic stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the resource-based view of the firm has been written about extensively, the process by which firm assets are accumulated has not been explored in detail. That is, we know little about the micro-level mechanism by which assets are built, nor do we have sufficient empirical evidence why some assets are more difficult to imitate, trade, or substitute. In this exploratory paper, we attempt to provide a better understanding of asset accumulation via an empirical research program in pharmaceutical drug discovery. Using a combination of field research, discover data from nine pharmaceutical firms, and data on 218 alliances involving new technologies for experimentation and testing, three causes affecting asset accumulation are identified and described. First, the difficulty of imitating a particular asset is affected by interdependencies with other assets. Second, trading of assets can be impeded by structural inertia in the core of a firm that is adopting the technology asset. And third, fully specifying all factors affecting imitation and trading ex ante is very difficult, if not nearly impossible, under conditions of rapid technological change. We propose that the complex interactions of these causes can give rise to imperfections in factor markets. Finally, implications for further research are discussed as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the dominant characteristics of contemporary software development is the global distribution of tasks, of developers, of information and of technologies. Undoubtedly, such distribution engenders new coordination challenges in the form of distance-related interdependencies. One of the predominant processes of addressing these challenges is electronic meetings (or teleconferences). However, the functions of these meetings for coordination purposes are not yet understood. The distinctive conventions of teleconferences and their causal relationships that lead to optimal coordination of global software development (GSD) projects are also not yet understood. In this paper, the functions of teleconferences held by globally distributed software developers to coordinate their work in the face of global distribution of resources, cross-site information interdependencies and continuously changing software requirements are analysed. The analysis is based on a qualitative study of how a subunit of 13 software developers, distributed across three sites in the USA and one in Republic of Ireland, used teleconferences to address its coordination challenges. The paper proffers a teleconference approach to GSD coordination by arguing that the functions of teleconferences manifest in software developers' multitasking; their ready access to all their information as additional benefits; flexibility in their communicative behaviours; and a reduction in their structure overload. This approach draws attention to these manifestations as distinctive conventions of the de-structured meeting, which de-structuring is occasioned by organic information processing needs in teleconferencing. This approach also explains why the combination of global distribution and teleconferences is a strategic opportunity for information processing for software process coordination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper empirically investigates interdependence between major companies' stock prices during the 1720 South Sea boom and bust. This was one of the first documented major financial crashes in the European market. Empirical tests are conducted by means of rolling coefficients, multivariate cointegration, rolling cointegration, and causality tests. Results indicate a substantial interdependence among the stock prices during the boom but not during the bust period. This result implies the failure of the efficient market hypothesis and the diminishing ability of the investors to reduce portfolio risk via diversification during the boom period. The causality test results provide ample evidence of short‐term interaction between shares during the period of increasing prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Buddha taught that everything is connected and constantly changing. These fundamental observations of the world are shared by ecology and evolution. We are living in a time of unprecedented rates of extinction. Science provides us with the information that we need to address this extinction crisis. However, the problems underlying extinction generally do not result from a lack of scientific understanding, but they rather result from an unwillingness to take the needed action. I present mindfulness and meditative aspects of Zen practice that provide the deeper “knowing,” or awareness that we need to inspire action on these problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the effects of war experiences across three different levels (individuals, groups, and contexts) on moral judgments related to violations of humanitarian norms. Competing hypotheses derived from different theoretical perspectives are empirically evaluated. Social psychological studies of war traditionally highlight a reversal of morality and group norms justifying violence against outgroups. Rationalistic models insist on the importance of realistic costs on the choice of individuals. As a complement to these traditions, we suggest that situations in which risks are generalized across group boundaries tend to provoke a strengthening of principles, such as humanitarian norms, that enable the protection of the material and symbolic integrity of a community. Multilevel analyses of the international People on War survey dataset (N = 8,121) show that support for the ingroup's struggle, at both individual and group levels, predicts stronger justification of violence. Simultaneously, at the context level, generalization of war-related risks predicts stronger condemnation of violations of humanitarian principles. These findings are consistent with a collective vulnerability model and, only in part, with the intractable conflict model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social psychology and social network research are both centrally concerned with human sociality. Despite some historically significant interactions between the two, these areas of investigation have not been usefully deployed together in recent research endeavours. The present paper attempts to bring out some points of both theoretical and methodological contentions, to characterize the gap between them, to traverse briefly the trajectories of their historical development, and to provide some concrete instances of these differences. Intellectual resources available to Asian social psychology are reviewed, which may help bridge the gap between the two areas of research. We conclude by calling for a greater integration of social psychology and social network perspectives in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Public Administration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Supply chain management is a field at the confluence of many other disciplines; it has been studied under a number of perspectives, which has played a role for the crossbreeding of the discipline. In this paper, we propose a typology of supply chain configurations that contributes to tie together terms that have been used disjointedly for describing various forms of supply chain, it also enables researchers to develop theories related to the identified typology, rather than continue expanding efforts on separate, unconnected studies. The typology is configurational, consistent, and based on the correspondence (Sheppard and Sherman, 1998) between Fiske's theory of relational forms (1990) and the concept of interdependence, analyzed in the context of supply chain management. Our framework encompasses four main configurations -- the communicative, coordinated, collaborative, and co-opetitive -- and we refer to these as the 4 C's in supply chain management. We discuss the benefits of the proposed typology from managerial and research perspectives, and suggest some research extensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scand J Caring Sci; 2004; 18; 264–272The progression of suffering implies alleviated sufferingThere is a lack of research focusing directly on both patients’ suffering and alleviated suffering in relation to care. The aim of this paper was to investigate the progression of suffering in relation to the encounter between the suffering person and the caregiver from the perspective of an understanding of life. The progression of suffering is assumed to be an existential‘sign’ of the development of understanding of life as an ontological or spiritual entity, which demands a meaning-creating encounter between the patient and caregiver. The concept‘existential caring encounter’ was used to describe how the encounter between patient and caregiver can create meaning in communion and thereby alleviate suffering by making it bearable. The study was carried out using an interpretive, hermeneutic approach. The study as a whole comprises three parts, and these include letter-writing and interviews. The findings are described by the following main theses: (a) a darkness in life understanding is existentially experienced as unbearable suffering and requires an encounter involving attentive care and confrontation; (b) the turning point means that the struggle of suffering begins; and (c) the encounter involves being meaning-creating in a communion in the struggle of suffering. An understanding of the patterns of unbearable and bearable suffering can be of help to the caregiver in caring for the patient by serving as a basis for meaning-creation in communion. This may thereby be a way of alleviating the patient's suffering by making it bearable during the progression of suffering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this paper Gadow's philosophical themes are developed considering the pedagogical relation – the relation of teacher and student, nurse and patient, self and world. Relational pedagogy is discussed through exploration of embodiment (being the teaching), improvisation (doing the teaching), and interdependence (locating the teaching in a reciprocal world as home). The pedagogical relation explores the lived space between teacher and learner, nurse and patient, where new knowledge is constructed. Such knowledge ‘resounds bodily’ and is always under construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article critically reviews concepts and uses of the term altruism in relation to the emergence of the capitalist welfare state. It argues that altruism may be regarded as a fetishized representation of 'sociality' and that notions of altruism tend to obscure or distort understandings of the essential social interdependence that characterises humanity as a species. The article reaches back to anthropological evidence, to religious and philosophical influences, and to insights from scientific inquiry and it makes a case for a humanistic switch in perspective within the study of social policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a systematic review of research on relational sacrifices in romantic relationships from 2002 to 2021 [N = 115 studies] to answer three questions: Q1: Whose voices and vantage points are represented in the research?; Q2: What types of questions are valued?; Q3: What are the reflections and connections about relational sacrifices that were learned during the review? To address Q1, we coded sample demographics of study participants on geographical location, race/ethnicity, education/income/SES, gender (i.e., gender differences explored and beyond gender binaries), sexual orientation, age, and disability, using a coding system of 1 (exclusion/absence) to 5 (focus on context‐relevant experiences for underrepresented samples). Results for Q1 showed that the most frequent codes were 1 (exclusion/absence) for information about the samples' disability status, education/income/SES, and both codes for gender (i.e., gender differences explored and beyond gender binaries); when demographic information was reported, the most frequent codes were 2 (compensatory addition) for age, sexual orientation, geographical location, and race/ethnicity. To address Q2, we coded for aspects of the study designs and conceptual dimensions of sacrifice. Results for Q2 showed that a majority of the studies in our review used quantitative and close‐ended measures emphasizing behavioral frequency of sacrifice. For Q3, we include our own reflections and connections about relational sacrifices, questioning research methods, and challenging assumptions drawn from existing research to move toward a more inclusive science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to qualitatively explore how partner support for health behaviours is perceived, received, and utilised in people living with and beyond cancer (LWBC). Methods: Semi‐structured audio interviews were conducted with 24 participants, 15 men and nine women, living with and beyond breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer. Inductive and deductive Thematic Analysis was used to analyse the data. Results: Three key themes with six subthemes were identified relating to partner support for health behaviours: (1) Interdependence (Reciprocity, Overt Control, Influence & Motivation) (2) Concordance (Shared Attitudes & Health Beliefs, Shared Health Behaviour) and (3) Communal Coping (Communal Orientation towards Health and Decision Making, Co‐operative Action in Health Behaviour). Conclusions: Partner support plays a unique and significant role in the health behaviours of people LWBC. Partners play a collaborative role in managing health and facilitating health behaviours, while the high level of concordance in couples may represent a potential barrier to change via the reinforcement of maladaptive health beliefs and behaviours. Implications for Cancer Survivors: Overall, findings demonstrate that partners should be considered and included where possible when designing future behaviour change interventions for people LWBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The government's contracting out of foster care services in Guangzhou, China, introduced the possibility of partnerships between nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and government‐led human services. To understand network governance among actors involved in contracting out foster care services, service funders, service providers, and service users were interviewed. A thematic analysis of interviews combined with a critical review of archival data was conducted. Drawing from the policy network governance analytic framework, we found that network governance conditions in contracting out foster care services were characterized by close interdependence among actors, moderate standardization in work duties, but nonreciprocal patterns of interactions, and low to modest levels of autonomy, along with strong power in the government but limited self‐governance among NGOs and foster families. Our findings indicate that network governance was not fully achieved among actors involved in the contracting out of foster care services. Implications for practice and research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the spillovers, portfolio allocation, and diversification potential of bank equity portfolios from developed and emerging countries in Europe (henceforth, developed and emerging Europe) using a directional spillover index and nonlinear portfolio optimisation methods. Empirical results indicate that in developed Europe the largest spillover receivers and transmitters are the banks from France and Spain, whereas in emerging Europe are those from Greece and Poland. Cross‐country spillover transmission and reception is larger across banks from developed Europe than across banks from emerging Europe. Banks from emerging Europe offer greater diversification potential and have a lower risk for financial resource allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the pioneering work by Rasmussen and others in the 1950s, alternative measures of linkages have been developed, with the aim of examining the interdependence in production structures and in identifying key sectors in an economy. Our study proposes a comparative analysis of traditional and modern methods, by applying them to the case of China between 1987 and 1997. It finds that backward and forward linkages have generally increased in China, denoting an increase in intersectoral interdependence, with some sectors (e.g. agriculture, food, textiles and chemicals) being dominant in this process. With regard to the identification of key sectors, hypothetical extraction methods provide superior results compared with traditional methods. Agriculture, textiles, chemicals, building materials, primary metals, machinery, commerce and other services are all recognized as being the key sectors by both the total linkage and pure linkage methods. JEL classification codes: C0, O1, O3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars have suggested that we need a better understanding about the drivers and performance implications of managers' ambidexterity. By building a human resource management perspective on managers' ambidexterity, this article not only examines organizational and functional tenure as important antecedents, but also provides novel insights into the contextual conditions under which the ambidextrous behavior of managers contributes to individual performance. Based on survey research among managers of two large firms, our results indicate that while organizational tenure contributes to managers' ambidextrous behavior, functional tenure actually limits such complex behavior. Our study also reveals how managers' performance results from the interaction between their ambidextrous behavior and the uncertainty as well as the interdependence of their work context. Results indicate that managers' ambidexterity contributes to individual performance in more uncertain and interdependent work contexts. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developments in twentieth‐century science upended the classical Newtonian paradigm that posited a mechanistic universe of atomized entities, regular forces, and natural laws. Trajectories in quantum, biological and cosmic sciences began to indicate instead a paradigm of entanglement and relativity. Religious ethicists and theologians, especially feminists, have interpreted the new model by adopting "interdependence" as a relational‐ontological symbol. What are the implications of this move for religious ethics? I consider a selection of representative works that ascribe normative value to quanto‐bio‐cosmic ontological interdependence. The contemporary scientific paradigm affirms feminist and liberationist relational ontologies, but the attempt to synthesize an "ethico‐onto‐epistemology" from natural processes inevitably runs up against the fact/value distinction as well as ethical ambiguities intrinsic to natural interdependence. These issues must be addressed if interdependence is to survive as a theological ethical symbol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most authors have accepted the notion that A has power over B to the extent that A can get B to do what he wants B to do. However, they should have asked themselves, 'How can A do so? What is it that A must manipulate in doing so?' This paper argues that it is B's essential data that A must manipulate, and presents a formulation of the interaction between A and B following this line of thought. It is also shown that the condition for the stable equilibrium is related to the law of 'comparative advantage.' Some of the important concepts in international politics, such as hegemony and balance of power, are explained in the same way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a Systems Modeling Language (SysML) extension, referred to as the "Human‐Agent Teaming Modeling Language," and a companion method, referred to as "Human‐Agent Teaming Design Method," which are useful in the design and specification of teams comprised of humans and artificial agents which interact within a system. The language and method support the analysis and design of human‐agent teams through a three‐step process. First, an existing system is analyzed to understand the goals to be achieved as well as the roles and the responsibilities necessary to support goal attainment. Simultaneously, a team of humans and artificial agents are synthesized wherein each entity has capabilities useful in fulfilling the responsibilities. Second, responsibilities are allocated to agents by matching agent capabilities to responsibilities. Finally, the design is vetted through the application of an extension to an existing method referred to as Interdependence Analysis. This step includes the specification of teaming behaviors between humans and artificial agents to improve system robustness. We posit that the proposed language and method can be useful in specifying requirements for artificial agents, human knowledge, and procedure requirements, as well as components of critical interaction between multiple humans and artificial agents comprising a human‐agent team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A community is the totality of human relationships, in which individuals live with and for others. This article discusses promoting dementia‐friendly community from the perspective of human relationships within a community. Improving the social well‐being of aging people is important; it is especially important for people with dementia, as dementia is a life‐changing syndrome that affects all aspects of one's life, including human relationships. Dementia‐friendly community requires support from the community in improving the social adaptation of people with dementia, as they experience greater difficulties in social interaction as a result of cognitive decline, especially deterioration of social cognition. They need to be empowered to stay motivated for the opportunity to maintain an active and meaningful life, despite dementia. Flexible provisions of such tailored support can be effective to improve the support network in the community to meet the individual's needs. As social and human resources are limited, it is also necessary to discuss how to share socioeconomic burdens to meet both social sustainability demands and the welfare of aging adults. More discussions that include people with dementia and their family members are required to achieve the purpose of dementia‐friendly community. This is important to enhance the well‐being of individuals with and without dementia, as well as the society as a whole, through dementia support and dementia prevention activities. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; ••: ••–••. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the mediating role of common dyadic coping (common DC) on the longitudinal associations between attachment‐related anxiety and avoidance and parental adjustment to the first year postpartum. A total of 92 Portuguese couples completed self‐report questionnaires of romantic attachment, common DC, parenting stress, and parental confidence. Results showed that more avoidant parents (at mid‐pregnancy) engaged less in common DC (at 6 weeks postpartum), which consequently increased their partner's parenting stress (only in mothers) and decreased their partner's parental confidence (in both parents) at 6–9 months postpartum. Anxious attachment did not predict parents' adjustment directly or indirectly. Interventions aimed at preventing adjustment difficulties to early parenthood in more avoidant parents should focus on enhancing their common DC strategies soon after childbirth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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When is a mechanism designer justified in only asking for ordinal information about preferences? Simple examples show that even if the planner's goal (expressed by a social choice correspondence (SCC)) depends only on ordinal information, eliciting cardinal information may help with incentives. However, if agents may be uncertain about their own cardinal preferences, then a strong robustness requirement can justify the focus on ordinal mechanisms. Specifically, when agents' preferences over pure outcomes are strict, if a planner is able to implement an SCC (in ex post equilibrium) using a mechanism that is robust to interdependence of arbitrary form in cardinal preferences, then there must exist such a mechanism that elicits only ordinal preferences. The strictness assumption can be dropped if we further allow the possibility of non‐expected‐utility preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Based on the cognitive theory, anxiety arising from the awareness of death and dying may activate dysfunctional attitudes, which may then reduce quality of life. This study examined the interdependence and the mediating role of dysfunctional attitudes on the relationship between death anxiety and quality of life among patients with lung cancer and their caregivers.Methods: From March 2016 to April 2017, 173 pairs of patients and their caregivers enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of psychosocial support. Using the baseline data, actor-partner interdependence modeling was used to analyze the relationships among death anxiety, dysfunctional attitudes, and quality of life.Results: In patients, death anxiety was related to dependency (β = .51) and self-control (β = -.37); achievement (β = -.21) and self-control (β = .34) were related to quality of life. Among caregivers, death anxiety was related to all 3 dysfunctional attitudes of their own (βs = .23 to.32); dependency (β = -.22) was associated with quality of life. Caregiver quality of life was also associated with patient self-control (β = .22) and achievement (β = -.18). Patient self-control mediated the links between patient death anxiety with both patient and caregiver quality of life. The relationship between death anxiety and quality of life was mediated by dependency in caregivers.Discussion: Death anxiety influences dysfunctional attitudes and quality of life of both patients and caregivers. Our results support the relevance of dysfunctional attitudes in understanding the impact of death anxiety and underscore the need for parallel psychosocial interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study considers the ‘contagion versus interdependence’ controversy between hedge funds and equity markets. We find that contagion effects break down the established interdependence between hedge funds and equity markets and conditional return smoothing could play a key role in the contagion process by increasing or decreasing the contagion likelihood during crisis and prosperity. It is noted that the return smoothing tends to produce a biased pattern of returns during crisis and a decreased amount of return during prosperity. These findings are obtained by linking a single equation error correction model to a factor model and carrying out quantile regression, Z‐test and Wald–Wolfowitz runs tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Taking the American Declaration of Independence as its starting point, this article critiques the Declaration's individualistic framing of “Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.” It offers an alternative view that emphasises the collective life in which all lives matter, freedom with responsibility, and social well‐being, each and all of which both draw on and further the concept of interdependence. Drawing on organismic psychology, Carl Rogers's ideas about the freedom to learn, and Corey Keyes's research on social actualisation, the article argues that, in contrast to independence, and other concepts such as ego, the self/Self, and individuation, the concept, practice, and aspiration of interdependence is more consistent not only with psychotherapeutic knowledge about being human and about human development, but also with psycho‐political perspectives that favour more connected and just societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the effect of cultural orientations on the sustainable household behaviours of Hispanic immigrants and non-Hispanic Whites in the United States. A model is tested in which the personal-level cultural orientations of interdependence-independence determine consumers' environmental value and concern, which in turn, affect sustainable behaviours (recycling, water, electricity and energy conservation). Results from a sample of 338 Hispanic immigrants and 249 non-Hispanic Whites indicate that interdependence predicts environmental values among non-Hispanic Whites. For the Hispanic sample, neither interdependence nor independence predict environmental value. In both samples, environmental value is positively associated with environmental concern, which is positively related to sustainable behaviours. The relationships between environmental concern and all four behaviours are relatively weaker among Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic Whites, suggesting that immigrants have not yet fully embraced mainstream American pro-environmental ideals and practices. Our study sheds light on cultural differences regarding environmental values and concerns, and implies theoretical and practical recommendations for marketers in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term situationism refers to an individual's belief about the importance of a behaviour's context. This study tested whether the degree of situationism expressed by individuals in various regions of Europe was consistent with self-regulation and cross-cultural theories. The English version of a Situationism Scale (measuring beliefs about the relation between the environment and one's own behaviour) was translated into five additional languages: Dutch, German, Hungarian, Italian and Slovenian. Young adults ( N = 1106, MAge = 22.9 years, 79% female) across Europe responded to one of the six language versions of the scale as part of a larger survey. Results indicated that: new language versions were psychometrically valid; there was a positive relation between situationism and the use of situation-control strategies; and situationism was higher for individuals from regions that are Eastern European and relatively more interdependent, compared with individuals from regions that are Western European and relatively less interdependent. As the first evaluation of the Situationism Scale outside America, this study supports the Scale's validity and suggests not only may some effects of situationism be universal, but between- and within-culture differences in situationism exist. Overall, when making judgments and decisions about the self, cultural background and individual differences in situationism may come into play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This commentary reflects on the Community-Diversity Dialectic, summarizing its development and reviewing its impact on community psychology research and practice. Two contemporary examples are presented to illustrate both the possibilities of and challenges to bridging the gap between sense of community and diversity: the rise of the so-called 'alt-right' on the one hand, and the popularity of Pokémon Go on the other. The article concludes with a brief discussion of Kurt Lewin's contributions to group dynamics theory, recommending that an emphasis on our interdependent fates and goals is paramount to reconciling the tensions between sense of community and diversity that persist in an increasingly complex multicultural world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many scholars have argued that systemic risks of conflicts tend to increase at critical junctures of power transitions or major power shifts. This article examines the economic and military rise of China and the challenges that it both faces and poses in East Asia, especially in relation to the United States. Specifically, it connects issues of power projection and parity, trade, and interdependence, as well as international institutions and governance to underscore the need for continued economic engagement and institutional enmeshment to lessen the likelihood of militarized conflict in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children are central to the rhetoric supporting global climate agreements, yet they are also envisaged to play a strategic role in materialising such agreements. Along with other household actors, children are implicated in localised efforts to manage global resource sustainability. As learners in educational systems that are being redesigned to encompass messages of sustainability, children are moreover positioned as ‘agents of change’ through sustainability education. Drawing on theoretical work on children's agency and interdependence, this review calls for greater attention to the structural and relational dimensions of environmental knowledge transmission to inform sustainability education. This is presented as one move towards constructing what Middlemiss (2014) terms a more ‘socially sensitive’ model of sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a new framework for understanding cultural differences in self-construal by noting the duality of this construct. Based on the analysis of the adaptive roles of self-construal, we predicted that a US-Japan difference in self-construal exists in the contrast between self-expression and rejection avoidance. We confirmed these predictions using newly constructed self-construal scales. Compared to Japanese respondents, American respondents were higher on self-expression and lower on rejection avoidance. Our findings regarding the contrast between distinctiveness of the self and harmony seeking, which are traditionally discussed as the core features of independence and interdependence, did not support the standard cultural psychological view. The two groups of respondents did not differ on distinctiveness of the self and the American respondents were higher on harmony seeking than were Japanese respondents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young people develop a sense of personal identity during the transition to adulthood, a time when individuals choose and adhere to a specific set of goals, values, and beliefs. In addition, in many contemporary Asian societies, youth are expected to acquire and balance traditional and Western cultural views of the self - that is, independent and interdependent self-construal. To understand the relationships between the personal and cultural facets of the transition to adulthood, this study examined (a) associations between personal identity and well-being and (b) the possible moderating role of cultural self-construal (independence and interdependence) in this link. These hypotheses were tested in a sample of 520 Japanese university students (52.6% female). The results indicated that personal identity predicted each dimension of well-being, suggesting that the importance of personal identity in promoting youth's well-being can be understood as a universal phenomenon. Moreover, because the moderating role of self-construal in the links between identity and well-being was found to be limited, personal identity can be viewed as operating separately from self-construal in well-being to a large extent. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]