23 results
Search Results
2. Climate change impact on yield and income of Italian agriculture system: a scoping review.
- Author
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Pulighe, Giuseppe, Di Fonzo, Antonella, Gaito, Marco, Giuca, Sabrina, Lupia, Flavio, Bonati, Guido, and De Leo, Simonetta
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,CLIMATE change in literature ,SUSTAINABLE agriculture ,EXTREME weather ,SCIENCE databases ,NURSING literature ,SCIENCE publishing ,ORCHARDS ,ARABLE land - Abstract
Climate change poses significant challenges to agricultural systems in the Mediterranean region, with Italy being significantly affected. This literature scoping review aims to examine existing research on the impact of climate change on yield and income on the three agri-food value chains in Italy: viticulture, fruit and vegetables, and dairy cattle. By analysing the available literature, this study seeks to outline the pros and cons, knowledge gaps, and potential areas for future research. A systematic search of scientific databases was conducted to identify relevant articles published between 2000 and 2022. The search terms included climate change, agriculture, Italy, yield, income, and related keywords. Articles were screened based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in a final selection of studies. Quantitative information was collected and organized into descriptive tables. The review encompassed 44 studies that investigated the impact of climate change on yield and income in various agricultural sectors across different regions of Italy. The findings indicate that climate change is already impacting crop productivity and income levels, with increased temperature, changes in precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events being identified as the primary drivers. Additionally, disparities were observed between different agricultural regions, crops, and farming systems, highlighting the need for location-specific and crop-specific assessments. The scoping review provides a prospective overview of the existing literature on climate change impacts on yield and income within the Italian agriculture system. It underscores the urgency for targeted adaptation strategies to minimize the negative consequences of climate change. Further research should focus on understanding the complex interactions between climate change, agricultural practices, socio-economic factors, and policy interventions to develop context-specific solutions for sustainable agriculture in Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Weather Extremes Shock Maize Production: Current Approaches and Future Research Directions in Africa.
- Author
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Du, Shaolong and Xiong, Wei
- Subjects
EXTREME weather ,CORN ,CLIMATE change adaptation ,HEAT waves (Meteorology) ,TECHNOLOGY transfer ,DIGITAL divide ,SHIFTING cultivation - Abstract
Extreme weather events have led to widespread yield losses and significant global economic damage in recent decades. African agriculture is particularly vulnerable due to its harsh environments and limited adaptation capacity. This systematic review analyzes 96 articles from Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, focusing on biophysical studies related to maize in Africa and worldwide. We investigated the observed and projected extreme weather events in Africa, their impacts on maize production, and the approaches used to assess these effects. Our analysis reveals that drought, heatwaves, and floods are major threats to African maize production, impacting yields, suitable cultivation areas, and farmers' livelihoods. While studies have employed various methods, including field experiments, statistical models, and process-based modeling, African research is often limited by data gaps and technological constraints. We identify three main gaps: (i) lack of reliable long-term experimental and empirical data, (ii) limited access to advanced climate change adaptation technologies, and (iii) insufficient knowledge about specific extreme weather patterns and their interactions with management regimes. This review highlights the urgent need for targeted research in Africa to improve understanding of extreme weather impacts and formulate effective adaptation strategies. We advocate for focused research on data collection, technology transfer, and integration of local knowledge with new technologies to bolster maize resilience and food security in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Investigating Vulnerability, Adaptation, and Resilience: A Comprehensive Review within the Context of Climate Change.
- Author
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Zhai, Linpei and Lee, Jae-Eun
- Subjects
CLIMATE change adaptation ,EXTREME weather ,CLIMATE change ,CLIMATE change & health - Abstract
This review seeks to enhance the understanding of the critical concepts of vulnerability, adaptation, and resilience within the context of global environmental challenges, with a particular focus on climate change. Climate change is characterized by rising global temperatures and an increase in extreme weather events, making the comprehension and addressing of these concepts crucial for effective adaptation strategies. Despite widespread recognition of the interconnectedness of vulnerability, adaptation, and resilience, there remains a gap in a comprehensive understanding of how these concepts interrelate. Through synthesizing existing literature, this review provides a detailed examination of their definitions and the interrelationships among vulnerability, adaptation, resilience, and climate-related disasters. Additionally, it explores the impact of climate change on future disaster risk reduction efforts by analyzing the nexus between climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. Key findings highlight the necessity of incorporating social, institutional, economic, and environmental factors into adaptation planning and call for innovative approaches to boost adaptive capacity and resilience. This review not only furthers the discourse in research, policy, and practice in this vital area but also offers strategic insights for developing more resilient and adaptive societies amidst the challenges posed by climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. MULTI-SECTORIAL IMPACTS OF ATMOSPHERIC EXTREME EVENTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN NORTH-EAST HUNGARY.
- Author
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MIKA, J. and BUDAY-MALIK, A.
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,NATURAL resources ,CLIMATOLOGY ,TRANSPORTATION ,PUBLIC health ,FOOD supply - Abstract
The aim of the paper is to comprehend possible impacts of the atmospheric extreme events and of the expected climate change in three different spatial levels. They are first collected at the national level, i.e. all impacts are included in matrices, where the rows are the extremities in the first aspect and the regional climate change in the second aspect. The columns are the impacts on the natural resources, i.e. on hydrology & water management, on natural ecosystems and on agriculture & food supply, as well, as on the human dimensions, i.e. on urban settlements, on energy and transportation and on human health, in both aspects. The impacts most relevant in the two other levels, i.e. North-East Hungary and the Bükk-Miskolc microregion are also unequivocally indicated in the matrices. Importance of the impacts is preliminarily illustrated by quantitative information on the extremes, the changes and some impacts already happened at the selected space scales. The paper is closing by the related adaptation measures in North-East Hungary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
6. MULTI-SECTORIAL IMPACTS OF ATMOSPHERIC EXTREME EVENTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN NORTH-EAST HUNGARY
- Author
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J. MIKA and A.BUDAY-MALIK
- Subjects
extreme weather ,climate change ,impact ,adaptation ,Hungary ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
The aim of the paper is to comprehend possible impacts of the atmospheric extreme events and of the expected climate change in three different spatial levels. They are first collected at the national level, i.e. all impacts are included in matrices, where the rows are the extremities in the first aspect and the regional climate change in the second aspect. The columns are the impacts on the natural resources, i.e. on hydrology & water management, on natural ecosystems and on agriculture & food supply, as well, as on the human dimensions, i.e. on urban settlements, on energy and transportation and on human health, in both aspects. The impacts most relevant in the two other levels, i.e. North-East Hungary and the Bükk-Miskolc microregion are also unequivocally indicated in the matrices. Importance of the impacts is preliminarily illustrated by quantitative information on the extremes, the changes and some impacts already happened at the selected space scales. The paper is closing by the related adaptation measures in North-East Hungary.
- Published
- 2013
7. Heat stress: adaptation measures in South African informal settlements.
- Author
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HUGO, JAN MARAIS
- Subjects
SQUATTER settlements ,PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of heat ,EXTREME weather ,ACCLIMATIZATION ,COMPUTER simulation - Abstract
Globally extreme weather events are experienced most acutely in cities. While formal settlements can respond to such events, informal settlements are often vulnerable and illprepared. Sub-Saharan Africa is rapidly urbanising with informal settlements that require effective climate change adaptation measures. Two climate adaptation strategies for informal dwellings are considered for their success under 2100 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) climate scenarios. Using existing data collected from informal dwellings in South Africa, the findings from a digital simulation study reveal that cool roof paints can currently lower excessive heat stress conditions by 42-63% when applied to high thermal mass dwellings with poorly insulated lightweight corrugated sheeting roofing. However, for the future 2100 climate scenarios this strategy only lowers excessive heat stress conditions by 12-17%. This calls for the development of integrated multifaceted heat stress adaptation strategies for informal settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Loss and Damage Estimation for Extreme Weather Events: State of the Practice.
- Author
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Doktycz, Charles and Abkowitz, Mark
- Abstract
Extreme weather, climate-induced events that are episodic (e.g., hurricane, heatwave) or chronic (e.g., sea-level rise, temperature change) in nature, is occurring with increasing frequency and severity. This places a growing and time-sensitive need on the development and implementation of adaptation policies and practices. To motivate adaptive behavior, however, requires the ability to deliver improved risk-informed decision-making capability. At the crux of this challenge is the provision of full and accurate loss and damage accounting of the overall impact of an extreme weather event, enabling the business case to be made for adaptation investment. We define loss and damage as the manifestation of impacts associated with extreme weather that negatively affect human and natural systems. Progress in the development of adequate loss and damage accounting has been hampered by issues, such as discrepancies in conceptual frameworks, problems associated with data quantity and quality, and lack of standardized analysis methodologies. In this paper, we have discussed the conceptual basis for measuring loss and damage, reviewed the state of loss and damage data collection and modeling, and offered a narrative on the future direction of the practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. The Social, Political, and Environmental Dimensions in Designing Urban Public Space from a Water Management Perspective: Testing European Experiences.
- Author
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Ricart, Sandra, Berizzi, Carlo, Saurí, David, and Terlicher, Gaia Nerea
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PUBLIC spaces ,URBAN planning ,WATER management ,EXTREME weather ,CITIES & towns ,HEAT waves (Meteorology) - Abstract
Urban areas are increasingly experiencing extreme weather events, especially related to water (e.g., droughts, heatwaves, floods), which are devastatingly impacting infrastructure and human lives. Compact cities, conceived to create more robust, effective, and sustainable environments, are under pressure to increase their resilience by co-producing adaptive strategies mainly focused on the urban public space. However, public space design tends to face environmental challenges without sufficiently exploring their intersection with social issues (citizens living conditions and vulnerability) and political structures (governance). This contribution delves into how urban public space interventions are (not) moving towards achieving urban resilience in an integrated way instead of sectoral. A triple-loop approach has been developed and tested in ten urban public spaces in European compact cities in the last 25 years. The results report how most projects reinforce the social dimension by promoting citizen well-being through new quality standards in public spaces, excluding some citizenry's vulnerable segments (immigrants, women, and disabled). The political dimension reinforces hard adaptation measures to manage water resources, although increasing attention is put on nature-based solutions, and most projects ensure participation processes. Finally, the environmental dimension is the most transversal by increasing land conversion, ensuring flooding mitigation, and enhancing adaptive capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Aging in Flood-Prone Coastal Areas: Discerning the Health and Well-Being Risk for Older Residents
- Author
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Aishwarya Borate, Jessica M. Suggs, Anamaria Bukvic, and Julia M. Gohlke
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Risk ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Health Status ,Oceans and Seas ,Population ,Population Dynamics ,vulnerability ,Vulnerability ,Climate change ,Storm surge ,lcsh:Medicine ,coastal ,adaptation ,01 natural sciences ,Vulnerable Populations ,Article ,Disasters ,03 medical and health sciences ,Extreme weather ,0302 clinical medicine ,parasitic diseases ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,Socioeconomics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,Retirement ,Flood myth ,Cyclonic Storms ,aging ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Floods ,United States ,Geography ,climate change ,Preparedness ,Psychosocial - Abstract
Coastal communities are increasingly exposed to more intense and frequent hurricanes, accelerated sea-level rise, and prolonged tidal inundation, yet they are often a preferred retirement destination for older adults vulnerable to flooding and extreme weather events. The unique physical and psychosocial challenges of older population age 65 and over may affect their level of preparedness, capacity to cope with, and ability to respond and recover from a hazard event. Despite the clear vulnerabilities of older residents living in high-risk areas when compared to younger coastal populations, there is a lack of empirical research on the integrated flood risks to this population group in the coastal context. This paper provides a holistic assessment of this emerging problem along the U.S. East Coast by measuring the exposure of older population to sea level rise and storm surge in coastal counties. It further evaluates how age-related vulnerabilities differ between rural and urban settings using the case study approach and geospatial and statistical analysis the paper also conducts a review of scientific literature to identify gaps in the current understanding of health and well-being risks to aging populations in coastal communities. The results show that older populations are unevenly distributed along the U.S. East Coast with some states and counties having significantly higher percent of residents age 65 and older living along the shoreline. Many places with larger older populations have other attributes that further shape the vulnerability of this age group such as older housing stock, disabilities, and lower income and that often differ between rural and urban settings. Lastly, our study found that vast majority of research on aging in high-risk coastal locations has been conducted in relation to major disasters and almost none on the recurrent nuisance flooding that is already affecting many coastal communities.
- Published
- 2018
11. Adaptación al cambio climático e integración de la gestión de riesgo de desastres en la educación de negocios: un estudio de caso en la Fundación Getulio Vargas, Brasil
- Author
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Annelise Vendramini Felsberg, Mariana Nicolletti, Mario Prestes Monzoni Neto, Fernanda Casagrande Rocha, Lígia Ramos, and Thais Camolesi Guimarães
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Process management ,Sustainability studies ,adaptación ,Climate change ,adaptation ,lcsh:Business ,business education ,disaster risk reduction ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,Extreme weather ,0502 economics and business ,Risk management ,General Environmental Science ,lcsh:Commerce ,business.industry ,Business education ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,reducción del riesgo de desastres ,Business risks ,lcsh:H ,climate change ,lcsh:HF1-6182 ,Sustainability ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,educación de negocios ,cambio climático ,business ,lcsh:HF5001-6182 ,0503 education ,Inclusion (education) ,050203 business & management - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to discuss improvements for the Master in Sustainability Management of Fundação Getulio Vargas (Getulio Vargas Foundation - FGV), in order to incorporate the topic of disaster risk management (DRM). Considering the risks and opportunities that climate change – and more specifically extreme weather events that can lead to disasters – represent to business, it is essential that business schools help prepare managers to deal with this critical sustainability issue. Therefore, it is extremely important to include this topic in management education. Aiming to support companies to assess and address business risks and opportunities derived from climate change, the Business for Climate Platform (EPC) of the Center for Sustainability Studies (GVces) of FGV has developed a framework and a tool for business adaptation strategies for climate change and implemented them with seven large companies in Brazil. Thus, based on EPC’s experience, the paper brings a proposal for the inclusion of DRM in the MSM’s syllabi, through the lens of climate change adaptation, El objetivo de este trabajo es discutir mejoras para la Maestría de Gestión de la Sostenibilidad (MGS) de la Fundação Getulio Vargas (Fundación Getulio Vargas - FGV), con el fin de incorporar el tema gestión del riesgo de desastres (GRD). Teniendo en cuenta los riesgos y las oportunidades que el cambio climático -y más específicamente los eventos extremos capaces de generar desastres- representan a las empresas, es esencial que las escuelas de negocios ayuden a preparar a los gerentes para hacer frente a este problema crítico de la sostenibilidad. Por lo tanto, es sumamente importante incluir este tema en la educación de gestión. Para apoyar las empresas en la identificación y actuación frente a los riesgos y oportunidades de negocio, la plataforma Empresas por el Clima (EPC) del Centro de Estudios de Sostenibilidad (GVces) de FGV ha desarrollado un marco y una herramienta para construir estrategias de negocio para la adaptación al cambio climático y los implementó en siete grandes empresas en Brasil. Así, con base en la experiencia del EPC, este artículo aporta una propuesta para la inserción de GRD en los planes de estudios del MGS, a través de la lente de la adaptación al cambio climático
- Published
- 2016
12. Climate change adaptation in South Africa: a case study on the role of the health sector
- Author
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Matthew F. Chersich and Caradee Y. Wright
- Subjects
South Africa ,Climate change ,Adaptation ,Health systems ,Heat ,Extreme weather ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Globally, the response to climate change is gradually gaining momentum as the impacts of climate change unfold. In South Africa, it is increasingly apparent that delays in responding to climate change over the past decades have jeopardized human life and livelihoods. While slow progress with mitigation, especially in the energy sector, has garnered much attention, focus is now shifting to developing plans and systems to adapt to the impacts of climate change. Methods We applied systematic review methods to assess progress with climate change adaptation in the health sector in South Africa. This case study provides useful lessons which could be applied in other countries in the African region, or globally. We reviewed the literature indexed in PubMed and Web of Science, together with relevant grey literature. We included articles describing adaptation interventions to reduce the impact of climate change on health in South Africa. All study designs were eligible. Data from included articles and grey literature were summed thematically. Results Of the 820 publications screened, 21 were included, together with an additional xx papers. Very few studies presented findings of an intervention or used high-quality research designs. Several policy frameworks for climate change have been developed at national and local government levels. These, however, pay little attention to health concerns and the specific needs of vulnerable groups. Systems for forecasting extreme weather, and tracking malaria and other infections appear well established. Yet, there is little evidence about the country’s preparedness for extreme weather events, or the ability of the already strained health system to respond to these events. Seemingly, few adaptation measures have taken place in occupational and other settings. To date, little attention has been given to climate change in training curricula for health workers. Conclusions Overall, the volume and quality of research is disappointing, and disproportionate to the threat posed by climate change in South Africa. This is surprising given that the requisite expertise for policy advocacy, identifying effective interventions and implementing systems-based approaches rests within the health sector. More effective use of data, a traditional strength of health professionals, could support adaptation and promote accountability of the state. With increased health-sector leadership, climate change could be reframed as predominately a health issue, one necessitating an urgent, adequately-resourced response. Such a shift in South Africa, but also beyond the country, may play a key role in accelerating climate change adaptation and mitigation.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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13. Federal adaptation and mitigation programs supporting Community investment in electricity resilience to extreme weather.
- Author
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Zamuda, Craig D. and Ressler, Anne
- Subjects
- *
COMMUNITY support , *ELECTRICITY , *WEATHER , *GOVERNMENT programs , *INVESTMENTS - Abstract
Extreme weather events and associated damages to the electricity system are increasing. Actions are being taken to enhance resilience, but the pace of these enhancements do not meet the challenges faced by communities. This paper reviews federal funding programs that support community resilience efforts for electricity resilience, provides case studies, and highlights opportunities to reduce electricity system vulnerabilities including increasing awareness of federal funding opportunities, and adopting hazard-based design standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Monetization methods for evaluating investments in electricity system resilience to extreme weather and climate change.
- Author
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Zamuda, Craig D., Larsen, Peter H., Collins, Myles T., Bieler, Stephanie, Schellenberg, Josh, and Hees, Shannon
- Subjects
- *
WEATHER & climate change , *MONETIZATION , *ELECTRICITY , *COST effectiveness , *CAPITAL investments - Abstract
Extreme weather events and associated damages have been increasing and these trends are expected to continue. Actions are being taken to enhance electricity system resilience. However, the justification for capital investments on resilience requires utilities to justify that the economic benefits outweigh the costs. This paper reviews the types of resilience measures being analyzed in cost-benefit analyses and addresses opportunities for improvement in characterizing the benefits for investments that enhance the resilience of electricity systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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15. CLIMATE AS A RISK FACTOR FOR TOURISM
- Author
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ÁKOS NÉMETH and JÁNOS MIKA
- Subjects
lcsh:GE1-350 ,Hungary ,climate change ,extreme weather ,lcsh:QH540-549.5 ,tourism ,adaptation ,lcsh:Ecology ,lcsh:Environmental sciences - Abstract
Weather and climate risk factors for tourism are surveyed and illustrated with regard to the expected climate changes in Hungary. These changes are not at all advantageous and which affect the business in question both directly and indirectly. These are the summer resort tourism (characterised by bioclimatic indices). Green tourism is the next one to characterise, including skiing, mountain climbing and eco-tourism, as well. Here both day-to-day weather extremes and long-lasting effects on the biota (e.g. drought, or inundation for plain-area eco-tourism). Last, but not least the urban (cultural- and shopping-) tourism is presented, since the large towns exhibit their special climate and different risks. The paper intends to specify these meteorological factors and effects also in terms of the different types of touristic activities. The general statements on the effect of weather and climate on tourism are illustrated by a few individual parameters and also by the so called Physiologically Equivalent Temperature. Annual and diurnal course of this parameter are presented, together with various trends in this variable at different sites and in different (hot and cold) extremities of the occurring values. Other examples, helping the tourism industry are presented in various climate conditions of the country. They include high precipitation and high relative humidity information. The paper also lists the possible adaptation measures to extreme events and also their likely changes in time.
- Published
- 2009
16. Nature based solutions for climate adaptation - Paying farmers for flood control
- Author
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Jakob Stoktoft Oddershede, Mette Termansen, Helle Ørsted Nielsen, Anders Branth Pedersen, and Marianne Zandersen
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Natural resource economics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,CHOICE EXPERIMENT ,Climate change ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Extreme weather ,Flooding ,Adaptation ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,media_common ,2. Zero hunger ,Flood myth ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Agriculture ,Nature-based solution (NBS) ,15. Life on land ,Payment ,Flood control ,Negotiation ,13. Climate action ,Scale (social sciences) ,Business ,Willingness to accept - Abstract
Climate change is expected to lead to more frequent and severe fluvial flood events in Northern Europe. Nature Based Solutions are increasingly recognised as a natural insurance against flood risks in vulnerable areas. This requires collaboration at landscape scale between providers and beneficiaries of flood control. In particular, mechanisms to incentivise owners of land could potentially offer cost-effective ways to reduce damage to urban infrastructure. We conduct a choice experiment among farmers located in the vicinity of a river to assess their willingness to accept a contract that would allow a local Danish municipality to periodically flood farmland to reduce urban flood risks. Results indicate that farmers on average are hesitant about entering into abatement contracts, especially if they have prior experience of crop losses due to extreme weather events. If they were to agree on a contract they would prefer a separate compensation for lost crops; a collective negotiation and higher rather than lower yearly payments. Surprisingly, data did not show a significant preference for or against a requirement to grow flood resistant crops. The results suggest that a contract with a separate damage compensation and based on individual negotiation would on average require an annual payment of 290Euro/ha for farmers with no prior experience of crop losses and 469Euro/ha for farmers who have experienced crop losses. The paper discusses the potentials and limitations of landscape scale Nature Based Solutions for climate adaptation.
- Published
- 2021
17. Transdisciplinary Research Priorities for Human and Planetary Health in the Context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
- Author
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Firouzeh Javadi, Chiho Watanabe, Peng Bi, Kathryn Bowen, Assaf Anyamba, Franz W. Gatzweiler, Adetoun Mustapha, Sakiko Kanbara, Anthony Capon, Kristie L. Ebi, Alexandros Gasparatos, Andrew P. Morse, Purnamita Dasgupta, Bruce Maycock, Montira Pongsiri, Gerardo Suzán, Melanie Boeckmann, Giles Bruno Sioen, Frances Harris, Brama Koné, Guéladio Cissé, Takahiro Murakami, Chadia Wannous, and Gabriel O. Dida
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Sanitation ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Climate Change ,Oceans and Seas ,Population ,Interdisciplinary Research ,lcsh:Medicine ,Climate change ,Context (language use) ,Review ,adaptation ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,risk management ,03 medical and health sciences ,Extreme weather ,mitigation ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,Environmental planning ,climate ,oceans ,Risk management ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Sustainable development ,education.field_of_study ,Land use ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,land use ,health ,Biodiversity ,Sustainable Development ,business ,ecosystems - Abstract
Human health and wellbeing and the health of the biosphere are inextricably linked. The state of Earth’s life-support systems, including freshwater, oceans, land, biodiversity, atmosphere, and climate, affect human health. At the same time, human activities are adversely affecting natural systems. This review paper is the outcome of an interdisciplinary workshop under the auspices of the Future Earth Health Knowledge Action Network (Health KAN). It outlines a research agenda to address cross-cutting knowledge gaps to further understanding and management of the health risks of these global environmental changes through an expert consultation and review process. The research agenda has four main themes: (1) risk identification and management (including related to water, hygiene, sanitation, and waste management); food production and consumption; oceans; and extreme weather events and climate change. (2) Strengthening climate-resilient health systems; (3) Monitoring, surveillance, and evaluation; and (4) risk communication. Research approaches need to be transdisciplinary, multi-scalar, inclusive, equitable, and broadly communicated. Promoting resilient and sustainable development are critical for achieving human and planetary health.
- Published
- 2020
18. Loss and Damage Estimation for Extreme Weather Events: State of the Practice
- Author
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Charles Doktycz and Mark Abkowitz
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Computer science ,Geography, Planning and Development ,lcsh:TJ807-830 ,lcsh:Renewable energy sources ,Climate change ,adaptation ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,natural hazard ,01 natural sciences ,risk management ,Extreme weather ,extreme weather ,Natural hazard ,resilience ,Risk management ,loss and damage ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,lcsh:Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Loss and damage ,business case ,climate change ,lcsh:TD194-195 ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,business - Abstract
Extreme weather, climate-induced events that are episodic (e.g., hurricane, heatwave) or chronic (e.g., sea-level rise, temperature change) in nature, is occurring with increasing frequency and severity. This places a growing and time-sensitive need on the development and implementation of adaptation policies and practices. To motivate adaptive behavior, however, requires the ability to deliver improved risk-informed decision-making capability. At the crux of this challenge is the provision of full and accurate loss and damage accounting of the overall impact of an extreme weather event, enabling the business case to be made for adaptation investment. We define loss and damage as the manifestation of impacts associated with extreme weather that negatively affect human and natural systems. Progress in the development of adequate loss and damage accounting has been hampered by issues, such as discrepancies in conceptual frameworks, problems associated with data quantity and quality, and lack of standardized analysis methodologies. In this paper, we have discussed the conceptual basis for measuring loss and damage, reviewed the state of loss and damage data collection and modeling, and offered a narrative on the future direction of the practice.
- Published
- 2019
19. Adaptation to the Impacts of Climate Extremes in Central Europe: A Case Study in a Rural Area in the Czech Republic
- Author
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David Prochazka, Robert Stojanov, Daniel Němec, Tomáš Daněk, and Barbora Duží
- Subjects
lcsh:TJ807-830 ,Geography, Planning and Development ,lcsh:Renewable energy sources ,Drainage basin ,Climate change ,adaptation ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Structural basin ,risk management ,Extreme weather ,Environmental protection ,flood risk perception ,Social inequality ,Socioeconomics ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,climate extremes ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,social inequality ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,lcsh:Environmental effects of industries and plants ,households ,Questionnaire ,the Czech Republic ,lcsh:TD194-195 ,Geography ,13. Climate action ,floods ,Catchment area ,Rural area ,Bečva River - Abstract
The primary objective of this paper is to analyse households’ adaptation measures to the impacts of repeated extreme weather events, specifically floods, which belong amongst the most serious manifestation of ongoing climate change in Europe. The case study focuses on a rural area in the north-east part of the Czech Republic, in the catchment basin of the Bečva River. A total of 605 households were addressed within the framework of the questionnaire survey. On the basis of the conducted research, we determined that the total amount of adaptation measures adopted by those dwelling in residential homes within the investigated catchment area was relatively low. In contrast, however, one of the most important adaptation measures—house elevation—was applied by 46.94% of the houses (up to 1 m) and by 21.16% houses (elevated more than 1 m) respectively. We also found that the amount and scope of adaptation measures realized by households were influenced by certain socio-demographic factors of the inhabitants. The most statistically significant factors included households with more residents or families with more children living in the household, as well as those with a higher level of education. Flood experience, the level of damage, and individual flood risk perception also played an important role.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Development and Implementation of South Asia’s First Heat-Health Action Plan in Ahmedabad (Gujarat, India)
- Author
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Kim Knowlton, Suhas Kulkarni, Gulrez Azhar, Dileep Mavalankar, Anjali Jaiswal, Meredith Connolly, Amruta Nori-Sarma, Ajit Rajiva, Priya Dutta, Bhaskar Deol, Lauren Sanchez, Radhika Khosla, Peter Webster, Violeta Toma, Perry Sheffield, Jeremy Hess, and null the Ahmedabad Heat and Climate Study Group
- Subjects
Economic growth ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hot Temperature ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,vulnerability ,education ,lcsh:Medicine ,India ,adaptation ,Heat Stress Disorders ,Article ,Extreme weather ,temperature forecast ,extreme weather ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,disaster preparedness ,heat ,climate change ,urban ,public health ,climate events ,business.industry ,Public health ,lcsh:R ,Environmental resource management ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Planning Techniques ,Community-Institutional Relations ,Outreach ,Action plan ,Preparedness ,Public Health Practice ,Early warning system ,business ,Slum ,Forecasting - Abstract
Recurrent heat waves, already a concern in rapidly growing and urbanizing South Asia, will very likely worsen in a warming world. Coordinated adaptation efforts can reduce heat’s adverse health impacts, however. To address this concern in Ahmedabad (Gujarat, India), a coalition has been formed to develop an evidence-based heat preparedness plan and early warning system. This paper describes the group and initial steps in the plan’s development and implementation. Evidence accumulation included extensive literature review, analysis of local temperature and mortality data, surveys with heat-vulnerable populations, focus groups with health care professionals, and expert consultation. The findings and recommendations were encapsulated in policy briefs for key government agencies, health care professionals, outdoor workers, and slum communities, and synthesized in the heat preparedness plan. A 7-day probabilistic weather forecast was also developed and is used to trigger the plan in advance of dangerous heat waves. The pilot plan was implemented in 2013, and public outreach was done through training workshops, hoardings/billboards, pamphlets, and print advertisements. Evaluation activities and continuous improvement efforts are ongoing, along with plans to explore the program’s scalability to other Indian cities, as Ahmedabad is the first South Asian city to address heat-health threats comprehensively.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Adapting rail and road networks to weather extremes: Case studies for southern Germany and Austria
- Author
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C. Trinks, Frank Schultmann, Verena Pelikan, Claus Doll, Tina Comes, Norbert Sedlacek, and Publica
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Atmospheric Science ,Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Meteorology ,extreme weather events ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Climate change ,02 engineering and technology ,adaptation ,01 natural sciences ,Extreme weather ,road networks ,Road networks ,Natural hazard ,investments ,11. Sustainability ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Regional science ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,weather information systems ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450 ,business.industry ,railway operations ,climate change ,13. Climate action ,forecasts ,business - Abstract
Published version of an article in the journal: Natural Hazards. Also available from the publisher at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0969-3 The assessment of the current impacts of extreme weather conditions on transport systems reveals high costs in specific locations. Prominent examples for Europe are the economic consequences of the harsh winter periods 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 and the floods in Austria, Eastern Europe, Germany and the United Kingdom in 2005 and 2007. Departing from the EC-funded project WEATHER, this paper delves into the subject of adaptation strategies by revisiting the project’s general findings on adaptation strategies and by adding two specific cases: (1) advanced winter maintenance on roads in southwest Germany and (2) technical and organizational measures in Alpine rail transport. For these two cases, feasible adaptation strategies are elaborated and their potential is discussed in light of damage cost forecasts up to 2050. For the road sector, we find a high potential to mitigate weather-related costs, although damages here are expected to decline. In contrast, rail systems face strongly increasing damages and the mitigation options offered by improved information and communication systems seem to be largely exploited. Consequently, it is easier to justify expensive adaptation measures for high-cost rail infrastructures than for road transport. A generic analysis of 14 damage cases worldwide, however, revealed that generally awareness raising, cooperation and communication strategies are sufficient to mitigate the most severe damages by natural disasters.
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- 2014
22. Community vulnerability to climate change in the context of other exposure-sensitivities in Kugluktuk, Nunavut
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Johanna Wandel, Tristan Pearce, Ben Bradshaw, Jason Prno, Laura Tozer, and Barry Smit
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Vulnerability ,Climate change ,Context (language use) ,adaptation ,Oceanography ,lcsh:Oceanography ,Extreme weather ,Arctic ,Vulnerability assessment ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Environmental Chemistry ,lcsh:GC1-1581 ,Traditional knowledge ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Adaptive capacity ,business.industry ,Environmental resource management ,Subsistence agriculture ,community vulnerability ,Inuit ,Geography ,sense organs ,business - Abstract
Climate change in the Canadian north is, and will be, managed by communities that are already experiencing social, political, economic and other environmental changes. Hence, there is a need to understand vulnerability to climate change in the context of multiple exposure-sensitivities at the community level. This paper responds to this perceived knowledge need based on a case study of the community of Kugluktuk in Nunavut, Canada. An established approach for vulnerability assessment is used to identify current climatic and non-climatic exposure-sensitivities along with their associated contemporary adaptation strategies. This assessment of current vulnerability is used as a basis to consider Kugluktuk’s possible vulnerability to climatic change in the future. Current climate-related exposure-sensitivities in Kugluktuk relate primarily to subsistence harvesting and community infrastructure. Thinner and less stable ice conditions and unpredictable weather patterns are making travel and harvesting more dangerous, and some community infrastructure is sensitive to permafrost melt and extreme weather events (e.g., flash floods). The ability of individuals and households to adapt to these and other climatic exposure-sensitivities is influenced by non-climatic factors which condition adaptive capacity, including substance abuse, the erosion of traditional knowledge and youth suicide. These and other non-climatic factors often underpin adaptive capacity to deal with and adapt to changing conditions and must be considered in an assessment of vulnerability. This research argues that Northern communities are challenged by multiple exposure-sensitivities, beyond just those posed by climate, and effective adaptation to climate change requires consideration if not resolution of socio-economic and other issues in communities. Keywords: Climate change; Arctic; community vulnerability; adaptation; Inuit (Published: 27 July 2011) Citation: Polar Research 2011, 30 , 7363, DOI: 10.3402/polar.v30i0.7363
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- 2011
23. Community-based adaptation: lessons from the development marketplace 2009 on adaptation to climate change
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Heltberg, Rasmus, Gitay, Habiba, and Prabhu, Radhika
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ADAPTATION PLANNING ,Community-based Adaptation ,CLIMATE UNCERTAINTY ,DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES ,CLIMATE INFORMATION ,NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,RURAL DEVELOPMENT ,BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION ,CLIMATE PATTERNS ,ADAPTATION PROJECTS ,EXTREME EVENTS ,RISKS FROM CLIMATE CHANGE ,POLICY MAKERS ,NATIONAL LEVEL ,IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT ,INCOME ,CLIMATE CHANGE RISK ,SEAWATER ,CLIMATE-RELATED DISASTERS ,ORGANIC MATTER ,ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE CHANGE ,LOCAL DEVELOPMENT ,DISASTER PREPAREDNESS ,DISASTER RISK REDUCTION ,LAKES ,WEATHER EXTREMES ,FOREST RESOURCES ,MITIGATION ,WEATHER PATTERNS ,SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT ,CLIMATE CHANGE EDUCATION ,CLIMATE-PROOF ,ADAPTATION STRATEGIES ,CLIMATE PROJECTIONS ,CLIMATIC RISK ,ADAPTATION PROPOSALS ,GLACIERS ,ADAPTATION EFFORTS ,SURFACE WATER ,FLOOD ,GLOBAL WARMING ,Adaptation ,VULNERABILITY ,ELDERLY ,RAIN ,CYCLONES ,EXTREME HEAT ,ADAPTATION PLANS ,ADAPTATION INTERVENTIONS ,CLIMATIC EXTREMES ,COLD TEMPERATURES ,ADAPTING ,BIODIVERSITY ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,FIRE MANAGEMENT ,CLIMATE DATA ,GREENHOUSE ,ADAPTATION PURPOSES ,FLOODING ,SUSTAINABLE FOREST ,RAINWATER ,ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ,FORESTS ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS ,CLIMATE EXTREMES ,TYPHOONS ,TEMPERATURE ,DROUGHT ,IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ,DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT ,ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ,DESERTIFICATION ,GLACIER MELTING ,FOREST ,GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ,PRECIPITATION ,DESALINATION ,ADAPTIVE CAPACITY ,NUTRITION ,FEASIBILITY ,LONG-TERM ADAPTATION ,GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTIONS ,NATURAL DISASTER ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,ADAPTATION SUPPORT ,GOALS OF ADAPTATION ,CLIMATE-RELATED RISKS ,LOCAL KNOWLEDGE OF CLIMATE ,EXTREME CLIMATE EVENTS ,GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT ,ADAPTATION POTENTIAL ,CLIMATE ADAPTATION ,CLIMATE REFUGEES ,CLIMATE ,HEAT WAVES ,NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,ADVERSE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ,ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS ,Q5 ,WATER SALINITY ,DISASTER MANAGEMENT ,EXTREME WEATHER ,LAND MANAGEMENT ,LAND USE ,RAINFALL ,POPULATION GROWTH ,ADAPTATION MEASURES ,FOOD INSECURITY ,FLOOD MANAGEMENT ,SCENARIOS ,ABRASION ,EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ,EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS ,GREENHOUSE GAS ,FRESH WATER ,COPE WITH CLIMATE CHANGE ,REGIONAL CLIMATE ,SUCCESSFUL ADAPTATION ,CLIMATE MODELS ,RAINFALL PATTERNS ,CLIMATE RISK ,CLIMATES ,RURAL AREAS ,GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY ,INDIGENOUS PEOPLES ,DRY SEASON ,DESALINATION PLANTS ,RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE ,BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION ,VARIABILITY OF CLIMATE ,CLIMATE ADAPTATION STRATEGY ,CLIMATE TRENDS ,VULNERABLE GROUPS ,IMPACT OF CLIMATE ,AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ,ENERGY PRODUCTION ,STORM SURGES ,SEASON ,EXTREME TEMPERATURES ,IMPLEMENTATION CAPACITY ,ELECTRICITY ,STORMS ,CLIMATE VARIABILITY ,NATIONAL ADAPTATION ,ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE ,HURRICANES ,CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES ,CLIMATE CONDITIONS ,RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE ,ADAPTATION RESPONSE ,ECONOMIC IMPACT ,ADAPTATION PRIORITIES ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ,Development Marketplace ,FOREST FIRES ,INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ,SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ,GLACIER MELT ,NATIONAL STRATEGIES ,TROPICAL STORMS ,GREENHOUSE GASES ,VARIABILITY IN TEMPERATURE ,CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ,MIGRATION ,Climate Change ,ADAPTATION FUNDING ,MALADAPTATION ,FREEZE ,O1 ,CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION ,HAIL ,ADAPTATION ACTION ,QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS ,ddc:330 ,SODA ,DAMAGES ,GENDER ISSUES ,RAINWATER HARVESTING ,FORESTRY ,CLIMATE SCIENCE ,IMPLICATIONS FOR ADAPTATION ,MICRO-INSURANCE ,WATER QUALITY ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,DISASTER RISK ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,HOUSEHOLD ENERGY ,SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,IMPLEMENT ADAPTATION ,VEGETATIVE COVER ,CLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENT ,ECOSYSTEM ,DEFORESTATION ,COUNTRY ADAPTATION ,FOREST AREAS - Abstract
The Development Marketplace 2009 focused on adaptation to climate change. This paper identifies lessons from the Marketplace and assesses their implications for adaptation support. The findings are based on: statistical tabulation of all proposals; in-depth qualitative and quantitative analysis of the 346 semi-finalists; and interviews with finalists and assessors. Proposals were fuelled by deep concerns that ongoing climate change and its impacts undermine development and exacerbate poverty, migration and food insecurity. Proposals addressed both local poverty and climate change challenges, and offered a wide range of approaches to render local development more resilient to current climate variability. Therefore, support to community-based adaptation should: exploit its strong local grounding and synergies with development; help connect local initiatives to higher levels; and use complementary approaches to address policy issues.
- Published
- 2010
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