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1. Spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of traditional villages: the Yellow River Basin in Henan Province, China.

Author

Feng, Yan, Wei, Hong, Huang, Yi, Li, Jingwen, Mu, Zhanqiang, and Kong, Dezheng

Subjects
WATER conservation projects, HUMAN settlements, WATERSHEDS, BIRTHPLACES, PROBABILITY density function, HISTORICAL geography, CLIMATE change, TRANSBOUNDARY waters
Abstract

Henan Province is the birthplace of Chinese civilization and one of the earliest human settlements, which means that the area has an important national cultural heritage. Traditional villages are an important facet of this cultural heritage, and studying their spatiotemporal characteristics in different periods has important theoretical and practical significance for the sustainable development and protection of cultural heritage in the region. This paper takes the traditional villages of the Yellow River basin in Henan Province that were formed before 1919 as the research object. Information on the ancient river was obtained through a literature search as well as via field research, and the important tributaries of the Yellow River in different periods were mapped using ArcGIS 10.0 software. The nearest neighbor index, kernel density estimation, standard deviation ellipse and other methods were adopted to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of the traditional villages. The factors that influenced the evolution of traditional villages were explored in depth by combining changes in the course of the river and water conservancy projects. The results show that the formation of traditional villages along the Yellow River in Henan Province has experienced a historical track of growth, contraction, growth and prosperity and stability. The traditional villages along the Yellow River in Henan Province generally show a clustered pattern, forming a dense concentration of traditional villages in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. The center of gravity shows a migration trend from southeast to northwest. In terms of influencing factors, the spatiotemporal evolution of the relationship between villages and their distance to water is closely related to climatic fluctuations, changes in channel, water conservancy projects and social and cultural factors. This paper deepens our understanding of the relationship between traditional village evolution and watersheds by improving the consistency between village spatial distribution and historical geography and provides a useful theoretical reference for the sustainable development of China's traditional villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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2. Spatiotemporal Analysis of Future Precipitation Changes in the Huaihe River Basin Based on the NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 Dataset and Monitoring Data.

Author

Tong, Min, Li, Leilei, Li, Zhi, and Tian, Zhihui

Subjects
WATERSHEDS, HUMAN settlements, METEOROLOGICAL stations, SPATIAL variation, AGRICULTURAL development, EXTREME environments
Abstract

This research analyzes extreme precipitation events in the Huaihe River Basin in China, a densely populated region with a history of human settlements and agricultural activities. This study aims to explore the impact of extreme precipitation index changes and provide decision-making suggestions for flood early warning and agricultural development in the Huaihe River Basin. The study utilizes the NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 climate model dataset and daily value dataset (V3.0) from China's national surface weather stations to investigate temporal and spatial changes in the extreme precipitation indices from 1960 to 2014 and future projections. At the same time, this study adopts the RclimDex model, Taylor diagram, and Sen+Mann–Kendall trend analysis research methods to analyze the data. The results reveal a slight increase in extreme precipitation indices from the northwest to southeast within the basin, except for the CDD, which shows a decreasing trend. Regarding the spatial variation, the future increase in extreme precipitation in the Huaihe River Basin shows a spatial variation characteristic that decreases from the northwest to southeast. These findings suggest that extreme precipitation events are intensifying in the region. Understanding these trends and their implications is vital for adaptation strategy planning and mitigating the risks associated with extreme precipitation events in the Huaihe River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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3. The Role of Biodiversity and Ecosystems in Sustainable Development

Author

Sobrevila, Claudia and Hickey, Valerie

Subjects
LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES, TROPICAL FORESTS, AMPHIBIANS, NATIONAL ACCOUNTING, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, WILD NATURE, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT, BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION, CARBON STORAGE, EXTERNALITIES, NATURAL FEATURES, MARINE FISHERIES, MARINE RESOURCES, POLICY MAKERS, WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, HABITAT, HUMAN SETTLEMENTS, EMISSIONS, NATURAL CAPITAL, NEGATIVE IMPACTS, NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS, DECLINE IN BIODIVERSITY, BUFFER ZONES, CASE STUDIES, BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES, GENETIC DIVERSITY, GRASSLANDS, LANDSCAPES, ECOSYSTEM PROTECTION, REDUCTION OF BIODIVERSITY, PASTURE MANAGEMENT, MITIGATION, FOREST MANAGEMENT, ADAPTATION STRATEGIES, ECONOMIC VALUES, EFFECTIVE CONSERVATION, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, FOREST ECOSYSTEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, EXPLOITATION, PREDATORS, CARBON EMISSIONS, EROSION CONTROL, GENETIC MATERIAL, BIOLOGICALLY DIVERSE ECOSYSTEMS, CORAL REEFS, ENVIRONMENTAL, INVASIVE SPECIES, FOOD PRODUCTION, ENDANGERED SPECIES, LAND USES, CROP PRODUCTION, CARBON CYCLE, BIODIVERSITY, ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, BIODIVERSITY ECOSYSTEMS, COASTAL ZONE, BIODIVERSITY CRISIS, BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT, COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES, PUBLIC GOOD, CLIMATE CHANGE, CATTLE, BIOMASS, CARBON, FORESTS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, CONSERVE BIODIVERSITY, FISH STOCK, APPROACH TO BIODIVERSITY, ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE, NATURAL HABITAT, FOREST, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, BENEFIT ANALYSIS, FLOOD CONTROL, LOCAL LIVELIHOODS, BIODIVERSITY VALUATION, CRITICAL HABITATS, BIODIVERSITY LOSS, RED LIST, ILLEGAL TRADE, SOIL EROSION, ECONOMIC VALUE, WILDLIFE, MARINE ECOSYSTEMS, RECYCLING, GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, ECONOMIC VALUATION, ECONOMISTS, FISHERS, ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS, CRITICAL NATURAL HABITATS, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, DAMS, REDUCING EMISSIONS, CROPS, ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT, NATURAL AREAS, FLOODS, WATERSHED PROTECTION, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMICS, LANDSCAPE, CONSERVING BIODIVERSITY, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL TERMS, FRESHWATER, HABITAT DESTRUCTION, PUBLIC GOODS, CLIMATE, IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, RIVERINE, TREE SPECIES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, PRESENT VALUE, RESERVOIRS, LIVELIHOODS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS, STORM PROTECTION, CARBON SEQUESTRATION, CRITICAL ECOSYSTEM, ECOSYSTEMS, ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT, ECOSYSTEM HEALTH, LAND MANAGEMENT, POLLUTANTS, NATURE, RAINFALL, POPULATION GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, TOURISM, CONSTRUCTION, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, OIL, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY, PARKS, DIETS, ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, FRAGMENTATION, PRIVATE COSTS, FRESH WATER, NATURAL HABITATS, MARINE RESERVES, INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES, CRITICAL ECOSYSTEMS, COASTAL DEVELOPMENT, LOSS OF SPECIES, FARMS, FISH, POLLUTION, TIMBER, WATERSHED, INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT, DRY SEASON, BIODIVERSITY ACTIVITIES, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, WILDLIFE TRADE, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, CLEAN WATER, ECONOMIC BENEFITS, GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY, HOT SPOTS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURE, EROSION, BUILDING MATERIALS, UNSUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION, TRADEOFFS, CARBON SINKS, ECOSYSTEM GOODS, WORLD FISHERIES, CARBON DIOXIDE, EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS, ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS, WETLANDS, LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY, ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION, FOOD SECURITY, HABITAT CONSERVATION, MOUNTAINS, WATERSHEDS, ECONOMIC MODELS, GRANT MONEY, MANGROVES, BIODIVERSITY FUNDS, GREENHOUSE GASES, BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION, BIOLOGY, NUTRIENT CYCLING, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE, SUSTAINABLE USE, CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, FORESTRY, CONTINGENT VALUATION, BIRDS, ENDEMIC SPECIES, NATURAL RESOURCES, PROTECTED AREAS, SOILS, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES, REPLENISHMENT, CONSERVATION EFFORTS, SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS, VEGETATIVE COVER, ECOSYSTEM, NATIONAL WILDLIFE, DEFORESTATION, DATA COLLECTION, FISHERIES
Abstract

Biologically diverse ecosystems in countries served by the World Bank provide an array of valuable economic services. While the benefits of conserving ecosystems frequently outweigh the costs, conversion of these ecosystems to other uses occurs anyway, because many ecosystem benefits are of a public good nature, without markets that would reflect their real value. The objective of this paper was defined at a Concept review meeting held on December 2009 and is to increase the understanding on how biodiversity is incorporated in a development agency such as the World Bank Group (WBG) and how the WBG can enhance its role in biodiversity and ecosystems protection and management as a key ingredient to reach development sustainability. In order to define a reasonable strategy to prepare this paper, two approaches were used: the first was to carry out background and analytical studies, and the second was to consult with a wide range of stakeholders including Bank staff, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and indigenous groups. Biodiversity provides many instrumental benefits, from food and fuel to recreation. But even where biodiversity is not immediately instrumental, it represents global public goods that must be protected, if only for their potential value in the future. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) has been the mainstay of grants implemented by the Bank ($1.4 billion) for biodiversity conservation and management, but the Bank has itself committed $2 billion in loans and has leveraged $2.9 billion in co-financing.

Published
2010