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Reading is a basic learning tool for an individual that begins early and continues throughout life. It would appear that the world is digitally at one's fingertips, with everything connected to the internet with the increasing dominance of digital reading over paper reading. On the other hand, it is fair to assume that books will continue to be printed for a very long time despite the rise in e-book readers. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the actual trends in using printed books among university students. The study collected data from 233 undergraduate students from different Four (04) universities in Bangladesh through a survey questionnaire. The results show that despite the increasing use of digital devices and e-books, printed books remain the preferred medium for reading. Results suggest that young adults spend hours watching television and chatting on social media at the expense of reading and that reading culture has been in decline. The findings explored that a small percentage of respondents consistently use printed books, while a significant number resort to them for specific academic purposes. The study also highlights the varying levels of engagement, with some respondents dedicating several hours to reading printed books. Self-development and job preparation emerged as the primary reasons for using printed books, while entertainment played a lesser reason to read books on printed paper. The study further analyzes the preferred locations for reading printed books, with libraries and homes being the most commonly chosen settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EUROPEAN AND ASIAN PAPERS IN MALAY MANUSCRIPTS Introduction [178]One of the advantages of discussing the materials on which manuscripts are written (as opposed for example to discussing language or script) is that any findings can usually be extended to the manuscripts produced in other traditions. The reasons seem to be the failure to distinguish between manuscripts and lithographs, or manuscripts and photocopies; and between manuscripts in Malay and those in Arabic or Acehnese; and scholars seem to borrow manuscripts from each other, further blurring the size of actual collections. At the workshop the participants agreed on a number of Malay/Indonesian terms relating to the physical characteristics of manuscripts that could be employed, such as I cap kertas i (for watermarks), I kertas acuan garis i (for laid paper) and I jilidan i (for binding) (Jones [36]: 70).[174] Russell's articles (Jones [64], [65]) were summarised in a paper, 'Watermarks in Indonesian and Malay manuscripts, some developments in theory and practice' (Jones [66]), presented at the 2011 ASEASUK conference in Cambridge. The data must be regarded as provisional: the dates especially may have to be revised when the manuscripts have been studied more carefully; also, the data may not be representative of Malay manuscripts as a whole; for one thing, there is in it a preponderance of manuscripts written on paper made in Britain, and quite possibly the list contains a disproportionate number of manuscripts "copied to order", giving quite possibly a shorter interval between the making and the use of the paper than would be true of manuscripts in general. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a conference titled "Transfer and Adaptation: Languages and Cultures in Dialogue (The Balkans from Late Antiquity to Early Modern Times)" that brought together scholars from various European countries. The conference focused on the investigation of the Balkan region during earlier historical periods, with an emphasis on the interaction between Byzantium and the Slavic world. The conference program included sessions on etymology and history of language, exchange of ideas, manuscript tradition and written culture, the movement of texts, and the multilingual Middle Ages. Several papers were presented on topics such as Slavic borrowings in Romanian, the etymology of a title in the Bulgarian language, and language contacts reflected in inscriptions from Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. The conference concluded with a guided tour of archaeological findings in Sofia. The text also discusses papers presented at a conference on manuscript tradition and written culture, which covered topics such as the introduction of Slavic scripts, the interpretation of Greek phrases in Slavonic translations, the reception of works by Dionysius the Areopagite in early Slavic literature, and the textual tradition of Old Church Slavonic translations. The conference also explored Graeco-Roman cultural ideas and texts in Bulgarian medieval literature. Scholars presented papers on subjects such as the reception of the Trojan War narrative in the medieval Slavic context, the representation of scholarly education in hagiography, and the distribution of Western texts among the South Slavs. The conference also highlighted the movement [Extracted from the article]

Since that wise and just decision, your humble petitioners have observed, with concern, that a few booksellers in London, under the name of the booksellers of London and Westminster, have brought in a bill before this Honourable House for an exclusive privilege of printing books that are without the statute of the 8th of Queen Anne, for a limited time; and for a further extension of right beyond what is granted to authors and their assigns by that act. As a monopoly will be so very prejudicial in the lowest class of books, so it will be to the second, which are the common books in estimation, such as Pope, Swift, Spectators, Rambler, &c. This will evidently appear from comparing the editions of books that were published from the expiration of the monopoly in 1731, till about the year 1760 (when the Booksellers began to entertain hope of a perpetual one) with the new editions of old copies printed since that time; and more particularly since the judgment of the Court of King's Bench. The Booksellers paid a valuable Consideration for their Copies, Mr. I Donaldson i paid no B {3} b Consideration for his Copies, and the Booksellers therefore humbly hope that the Wisdom as well as the Equity of Parliament will think them proper Objects of Relief: The Counter-Petitioners exclaim against the present Solicitation, as an Attempt to introduce an I ex post facto i Law; yet the Booksellers flatter themselves that the Nature of the Case will sufficiently extenuate such a Circumstance, since they could not apply for a Remedy to any Grievance, till the Grievance actually existed. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Imago Mundi is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Focuses on the supply and demand of copier papers. Brand marketing used to gain market shares; Impact of Brazilian and Indonesian paper exports to the U.S.; U.S. demand for copier papers; Competition in the paper industry. INSET: STOP THE PRESSES—DEMAND IS INCREASING..

The importance of grey literature as a means of primary, nonconventional communication is accepted in almost every scientific field. Although grey literature covers a wide spectrum of nonconventional documents, both producers and users of grey literature have always considered it to be a primary source of information. The National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI) was founded in 1937. The main goal of this organization is collecting, preserving, organizing and disseminating information about printed and non-printed works in Iran, and taking measures and making decisions to guarantee the accuracy, ease and speed of research and study in all fields to promote national culture. In order to achieve these goals, and according to the law, all private and public publishers have to deposit a copy of their publications (book and non -book materials) to the NLAI. There are more than 1.790.000 issues in the grey literature in the NLAI, and over 170.000 of them belong to the Medicine group. In this study, the amount of grey resources in the field of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary, paramedical and pharmacology in the NLAI is surveyed. How many grey literatures are there in each medical subject's groups? How many of them have been digitized? How many articles are in the field of medicine group? How many of them are conference papers? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raman spectral references for various formulations of iron gall inks, logwood inks and mixtures of both types were acquired during this study. The samples, either liquid or dry inks and applied on paper, were analysed using a portable Raman spectrometer, both with 852 and 785 nm excitation lines, and a confocal dispersive Raman microscope with two different excitations, namely 785 and 532 nm. It was found that longer wavelengths are more suitable for the analysis of iron gall inks and that the spectral response of logwood inks is relatively more dependent on the excitation line. For the mixtures, it is suggested analyses be performed with both longer and shorter wavelengths, since with a 785 nm line mainly the characteristic features of the metal-polyphenol complex in iron gall inks are detected, while the spectra collected with a 532 nm excitation contain information on the presence of logwood inks. The study was complemented by non-invasive reflectance infrared spectroscopy, which enabled the detection of tannic acid in iron gall inks and in the mixtures, and by micro-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to complement the reference set. The study aims to contribute to the development of non-invasive protocols for identification of inks in historic and artistic works on paper, such as manuscripts and drawings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study attempted to unveil the differences in the cognitive processes employed in writing in a second language while writing on computer, and with paper and pencil. In doing so, eleven upper-intermediate, Persian-speaking English Language learners wrote texts in response to two International English Language Testing System (IELTS) writing tasks on computer and with paper and pencil. The Cognitive Processes Questionnaire (Weir, et al., 2007) and stimulated recall interviews were employed to collect data. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the collected data indicated that the participants spent less time on prewriting planning, in the computerized condition, but they paused more often during the writing process for online planning. Furthermore, the participants, in both conditions, spent less time for planning when they wanted to write examples pertinent to their own life experience. The participants, in the computerized writing, tended to evaluate and review the text during the process writing, while in the paper and pencil condition, the evaluation was postponed to the end of the writing process. Longer text revision and a higher number of the rearrangements of sentences and ideas were other features of computerized writing. These findings along with those of other studies can deepen our understanding of second language writing cognitive processes which can benefit second language teachers, curriculum developers, and test developers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"La Carte de France: Histoire et Techniques" by Jean-Luc Arnaud is a book that explores the topographic cartography of France from the Cassini map of 1756 to the present day. The author focuses on state-sponsored maps, excluding other types of maps from the study. The book provides a historical perspective on the development of cartography in France, with an emphasis on the technical aspects and materiality of maps. It is aimed at a wide audience of map enthusiasts, cartographers, and geographers, but some technical explanations may be challenging for non-specialists. The book is divided into two parts, with the second part serving as a guide to the different cartographic series of France. While the book offers valuable insights into the history of French cartography, it primarily focuses on France and its colonial space, with limited international comparisons and perspectives. [Extracted from the article]

Though it is said that the paperless age arrived with the spread of personal computers, the amount of office paper used shows no tendency to decrease. In general, used paper is recovered and recycled in order to preserve the environment. But labor and expense are required for the recovery of used paper and the recycled paper is lower in quality. If we could reuse used paper repeatedly without these disadvantages, for example, by using copying machines that could print again by removing the toner on used paper, it would be very convenient and ecological. We therefore studied the removal of toner from used paper by the laser ablation technique. As an optical source, an SHG-YAG laser was chosen. The energy density of irradiation with an SHG-YAG laser for the removal of toner from used paper was examined. At an energy density of approximately 12 mJ/mm2, which was the average value, the toner was removed sufficiently to allow reuse of the paper. The conditions of the laser irradiation, specifically the laser scanning speed and the number of irradiations, were studied. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(1): 8-14, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (). DOI 10.1002/eej.21214 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the use of special substrates at the Foulis Press, a printing press in Glasgow from the 1740s to the 1790s. The Foulis brothers, Robert and Andrew, printed over 700 editions, many of which were Greek and Latin classics for students. They often created different issues by using different formats, paper types, and text arrangements. While most editions were printed on paper, the Foulises occasionally used vellum, silk, and linen as substrates. These special substrates were used for a small number of copies within an edition and were likely considered as collectible objects. [Extracted from the article]

This work discusses the trade of bound books in 16th century Poland. Its first part presents some insights into this topic based on extant archival sources, including earlier studies. In the centuries following the invention of the printing press, books were generally sold in the form of loose sheets, and binding was to be commissioned by the buyer. Those trading in books - booksellers, printers and bookbinders - could also have the books bound before offering them for sale. So far this topic has not received broader attention, though numerous remarks about books being bound for sale appeared e.g. in the works of Monika Jaglarz (Księgarstwo krakowskie XVI wieku, Kraków 2004) and Edward Różycki (Z dziejów książki we Lwowie w XVII wieku, Katowice 1991). The primary sources of information are here 16th century booksellers' inventories, preserved in the Krakow City Archives, such as those of Piotr Reismoller, Maciej Szarfenberg and Zacheusz Kessner bookshops. Next to unbound copies, those inventories list between 10 and 20 percent of bound books (ligata). There are also records of cooperation between bookbinders and booksellers, who probably commissioned the binding of some copies for sale (e.g. contracts between the publisher and bookseller Jan Haller, and the bookbinders Piotr Walde and Henryk Süssmund). Such cooperation is also evidenced by large quantities of waste paper used in the bindings, coming from a single printing house, which hints at collaboration of the printer Łazarz Andrysowicz and the bookbinder Jerzy Moeller. Traces of bound book trade have been found not only in Krakow, but also in Lwów, Poznań and Warszawa. Bound books were also sold by bookbinders, as witnessed by the 16th century inventories of Maciej Przywilcki and Stefan Terepetka, listing the prices and types of bindings of the copies being offered for sale. The second part of this work presents two copies of the Polish translation of the Bible, published in Krakow in 1599, which had probably been bound before sale. Of special interest among the decorations on the bindings are the titles Biblia impressed with a woodcut block, an empty oval cartouche with room for a coat of arms, and a quote from the Book of Joshua, pressed onto the front cover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This section of the Journal lists working papers, technical reports, and monographs published by real estate centers, university real estate departments, and other research organizations. If you wish to obtain a copy of a paper, please place your orders directly with the publishing organization. If your organization is not represented in this listing and you would like it to be, please forward a current list of publications, along with information on ordering papers, to the editor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Butter had an extensive network of textual agents working for him, and he may have arranged for one of them to lightly edit and "correct" the plays in preparation for the Caroline editions.[63] It does not follow that all of the variants had the same source, however, and given Heywood's interest in the publication of his plays during the 1630s, he may have been involved - although the continuation of some errors suggests he did not oversee the process. First, Heywood may have supplied Butter with the prologue and epilogue, but could not prevail upon him to print a revised edition of the main play. Part 2: (Re)constructing Textual Networks Butter's news business not only helps us to understand the updated political import of his Caroline editions of Heywood's plays, it also helps us to consider how they were compiled, edited, and prepared for publication during the 1630s. [Extracted from the article]

BACKGROUND: Office exposures have been linked to symptoms of sick building syndrome, but their relation to the development of asthma has not been studied previously. These exposures have increasing importance because an increasing proportion of the workforce is working in office environments. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the relations of exposure to carbonless copy paper (CCP), paper dust, and fumes from photocopiers and printers to adult-onset asthma. METHODS: We conducted a population-based incident case--control study of adults 21-63 years of age living in the Pirkanmaa District in South Finland. All new clinically diagnosed cases (n = 521) of asthma were recruited during a 3-year study period. A random sample of the source population formed the controls (n = 1,016). This part focused on 133 cases and 316 controls who were office workers according to their current occupation classified by the 1988 International Standard Classification of Occupations. All participants answered a questionnaire on health, smoking, occupation, and exposures at work and home. Subjects with previous asthma were excluded. RESULTS: Exposures to paper dust [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.97; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.25-3.10] and CCP (OR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.03-2.66) were related to significantly increased risk of adult-onset asthma. An exposure--response relation was observed between exposure to paper dust and risk of asthma. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides new evidence that exposures to paper dust and CCP in office work are related to increased risk of adult-onset asthma. Reduction of these exposures could prevent asthma in office workers. Clinicians seeing asthma patients should be aware of this link to office exposures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides notes to the contributors of papers to the journal "Population Studies". All typing, including footnotes, references, extracts and quotations to be double-spaced and on one side of the paper, which should preferably be A4 in size. Footnotes should be numbered consecutively throughout the paper and should preferably be typed at the bottom of the page to which they relate, or alternatively following the last page of the article, with triple spacing between each note. Three copies of all typing complete with figures, tables and references should be prepared. The top copy and one carbon should be submitted for editorial purposes and should be sent to Population Studies, Population Investigation Committee, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, Aldwych, London WC2A 2AE. One carbon copy should be retained by the author. Brief corrections should be inserted above the line involved and not in the margins. Any diversions in wording, spelling or punctuation from the original should be explicitly indicated or explained.

Background: The identification of asymptomatic individuals with Plasmodium falciparum infection is difficult because they do not seek medical treatment and often have too few asexual parasites detectable using microscopy or rapid diagnostic tests (≤ 200 parasites per μl). Quantitative PCR (qPCR) may provide greater sensitivity and permits estimation of the initial template DNA concentration. This study examined the hypothesis that qPCR assays using templates with higher copy numbers may be more sensitive for P. falciparum than assays based on templates with lower copy numbers. Methods: To test this hypothesis, ten qPCR assays for DNA sequences with template copy numbers from 1 to 160 were compared using parasite DNA standards (n = 2) and smear-positive filter paper blots from asymptomatic smear-positive subjects (n = 96). Results: Based on the testing of P. falciparum parasite DNA standards and filter paper blots, cycle threshold values decreased as the concentrations of template DNA and template copy numbers increased (p < 0.001). Likewise, the analytical and clinical sensitivities of qPCR assays for P. falciparum DNA (based on DNA standards and filter paper blots, respectively) increased with template copy number. Despite the gains in clinical sensitivity from increased template copy numbers, qPCR assays failed to detect more than half of the filter paper blots with low parasite densities (≤ 200 asexual parasites per μl). Conclusions: These results confirm the hypothesis that the sensitivity of qPCR for P. falciparum in the blood of individuals with asymptomatic infection increases with template copy number. However, because even the most sensitive qPCR assays (with template copy numbers from 32 to 160) detected fewer than 50% of infections with ≤ 200 asexual parasites per μl, the sensitivity of qPCR must be increased further to identify all smear-positive, asymptomatic individuals in order to interrupt transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Norway's Pioneering Editions of Old Norse Texts: The Creation of Keyser and Munch's Norges gamle Love indtil 1387 is a multivolume work that contains editions of Norwegian medieval laws dating back to before the first lawbook was published in print. The editors, Jakob Rudolf Keyser and Peter Andreas Munch, played an important role in documenting Norway's old linguistic, legal, and national roots. The process of transcribing and collating medieval Norwegian law manuscripts for the publication of Norges gamle Love was meticulous and time-consuming. The publication faced challenges in accessing necessary manuscripts, and the printing process took several years. The book series, Norges gamle Love, was distributed widely and received positive reviews, although the choice of typeface and paper quality has posed challenges for readers in later years. The manuscripts themselves have been well-preserved and are considered valuable historical sources. [Extracted from the article]

Many law professors now post essentially complete drafts of their articles on SSRN and/or on university-sponsored working paper websites prior to submitting those articles for journal review and possible publication. This "prepublication publication," so to speak, is useful for both authors and their readers, but it raises some self-plagiarism issues. There does not yet appear to be a broad consensus among journal editors on how those issues should be addressed. I argue that this increasingly common practice of SSRN and working paper prepublication of articles prior to their submission for journal review should be recognized as entirely appropriate, particularly if this prior publication is disclosed in the journal submission or is otherwise called to the attention of the journal editors. I also argue that in light of this practice law journals should rather substantially change the way that they operate. They should move to a wholly online format and provide only article abstracts and website links for the articles that they "accept," rather than editing the articles and then providing their readers with full article texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital restoration of historical manuscripts centers on deciphering hidden writings, made imperceptible to the naked eye due to factors such as erasure, fading, carbonization, and aging effects. Recent advancements in modern technologies have significantly improved our ability to unveil and interpret such written cultural heritage that, for centuries, had remained inaccessible to contemporary understanding. This paper aims to present a critical overview of state-of-the-art technologies, engaging in discussions about perspectives and limitations, and anticipating future applications. Serving as a practical guide, this work seeks to assist in the selection of techniques for digitally restoring ancient writings. Additionally, potential and challenges associated with integrating these techniques with advanced machine-learning approaches are also outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discusses possible copying errors on manuscripts of the play "A Yorkshire Tragedy" by Thomas Middleton. The author describes emendations based on the misreading of the ascenders of handwritten letters, and cites editors John Jowett and Stanley Wells' interpretation of the play. The debated scene is between a husband and an adulterous wife, and handwriting samples from Middleton's play "A Game of Chess" are described. Paper from the Jacobean era and the depictions of time and the murder of children in the play are also discussed.

The article offers information about information systems. Topics discussed include reviews of knowledge resources which related to accounting, information systems and computer science; talks about contribution of original article and the purpose of the current article in replication; and mention about workshop presentations, and resulting revisions as review process of the journal.

Experts in writing, most notably in writing research reports, papers, and theses, emphasize both the utility and the complexity of writing in the academic context. The development of an ability to write effectively needs time and practice. It was observed that Second Year EFL Master's students at Banta 2 University face difficulties in respecting academic writing features despite a good deal of instruction in written expression. Hence, the paper analyzes Master Two students' exam copies in two subjects, written expression, and research methodology. This study seems appealing because its primary purpose is to investigate the natural causes behind students' failure in academic writing. It aims to identify students' lacunas in writing research reports, papers, and theses. To address these objectives, the current study inquires: "Why do so many students fail to write correctly?" To consider the research query as mentioned earlier, an explanation is attempted through content analysis of 196 students' exam excerpts of research methodology and 191 copies in the exam of written expression. Besides, the research proposal is looked at in a step-by-step chronological order. The combination of good writing and good thinking is presented as the key to academic success. Results indicated that students failed to demonstrate a good command of academic writing norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children can normally be expected to copy a circle at 3, a square at 4, and a triangle at 5 years of age on standard 8½ × 11-inch paper. This study hypothesized that the shape of the background paper influences these norms. 53 nursery school children copied each of these geometric forms on various-shaped background paper. The results indicated that copying a triangle on triangular paper was just as easy for these children as copying a square on a square piece of paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article informs that industrial revolution had also given rise to modern library materials that aged far more rapidly than their historic counterparts. It is noted that looting and destruction of European cultural heritage during World War II and the Florence Flood of 1966, which damaged so many of Italy's libraries and archives, focused the attention of the nascent preservation field on the need for standardized, well-researched treatment methods.

In medieval studies, the "Liber legum of Lupus of Ferrières" has long been a firmly associated pair of terms, although the identity of the author is by no means certain and has been repeatedly called into doubt. The paper reconstructs how this opinion has prevailed, and critically examines the arguments put forward in favor of it. Given the paucity of reliable evidence, adherence to the hypothesis seems to be due primarily to the appeal of combining a well-known work with a famous name. Since the sources used for the Liber legum as well as its manuscript tradition clearly point to Italy, it seems most likely that Lupus was an Italian collector of legal texts, who had a personal relationship with the patron of the work, Margrave Eberhard of Friuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sheds light on the manufacturing processes, techniques, and materials used in the splendid illuminations of the oldest surviving copy of De Balneis Puteolanis, preserved at the Angelica Library in Rome (Ms. 1474). The codex is one of the masterpieces of mid-13th-century Italian-Southern illumination, traditionally referred to as the commission of Manfredi, son of Frederick II. The findings reported in the article result from the interdisciplinary study conducted in 2021–2023 in the framework of "Codex 4D: journey in four dimensions into the manuscript", a multidisciplinary project involving many competences and dealing with art-historical studies on manuscripts, diagnostic and conservative analyses, scientific dissemination, storytelling, and public engagement. The considerations we present aims at increasing the knowledge of book artefacts while respecting their extraordinary complexity; data from non-invasive diagnostic investigations (X-ray fluorescence, Vis-NIR reflectance and Raman spectroscopies, hyperspectral imaging, and multi-band imaging techniques as ultraviolet, reflectography, and thermography), carried out in situ with portable instruments on the book, have been integrated with observations resulting from the historical-artistic study, and the reading of some ancient treatises on the production and use of the pigments and dyes employed in illumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the Papers of Thomas Jefferson project, which aims to publish a comprehensive edition of Thomas Jefferson's papers. The project has transcribed and annotated over eleven thousand documents so far, with an expected completion date of 2027. It also highlights Jefferson's efforts in founding the University of Virginia and promoting an exploratory journey to the Pacific. The text explores Jefferson's support for various adventurers and his eventual success in securing the records of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Despite setbacks, Jefferson's persistence ensured the preservation and publication of the expedition's findings, which hold significant historical, ethnographical, and ecological importance. [Extracted from the article]

In 1524, Petrus Apianus published two closely related works—one the Latin Cosmographicus liber, aimed at an educated audience of international readers, and the other, Ein kunstlich Instrument, a shorter, more practical book for those who could read German but had no Latin. Both books nevertheless make use of most of the same instruments, including Apianus' early volvelles. Most of these instruments also reappear in subsequent editions of Cosmographicus liber (or Cosmographia, a frequent alternative title). While the Cosmographicus liber has received much scholarly attention, Ein kunstlich Instrument has received very little. In this paper we (1) set the instruments of Ein kunstlich Instrument in the context of Apianus' earlier work, especially his lost Mappa mundi and the extant booklets (Declaratio and Isagoge) that explained it, (2) compare the German- and Latin-language books of 1524, (3) explain in detail those instruments that have not heretofore been adequately discussed, and (4) explore their later history. We also make available, in the on-line edition of the Journal, working virtual copies of Apianus' instruments from Ein kunstlich Instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the process called photoreproduction used in ancient architectural design for conservation in architectural archives. Reproduction of diazotype prints usually exhibit a reddish pink to orange discoloration caused by alkaline conditions. Most archivist and other collection managers do not know the best way to treat and store this kind of documents. However, this process proves to be promising in the conservation industry.

This article discusses the identification of three manuscripts that may have belonged to Gabrielle de Bourbon-Montpensier, a historical figure known for her book collection. The manuscripts include BnF fr. 1119, BnF fr. 1193, and BnF fr. 2462, which contain translations of Petrarch's Triomphes, the Trois tapisseries de Turquie, and a devotional text called Petit devis et récréation dévote par manière de contemplation sur les oeuvres de notre createur, respectively. While there is no definitive proof that these manuscripts belonged to Gabrielle, the similarities between her inventory and the manuscripts suggest a possibility. Further analysis of the manuscripts may reveal more evidence. [Extracted from the article]

Incorporating the two leaves within the "canon" of the other accepted Book of Mormon manuscript leaves offers yet another piece to the puzzle of the original manuscript of the Book of Mormon manuscript. This paper has not stressed any one particular aspect of the Chicago leaves of the Book of Mormon manuscript - instead relying on a varied approach to understand the totality of the manuscript. Archivists at Chicago had undertaken their own analysis of the leaves in the early 1980s and felt that the handwriting matched other verified samples from Oliver Cowdery, the principal scribe for both the original and the printer's manuscripts of the Book of Mormon. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Yegah Musicology Journal / Yegah Müzikoloji Dergisi is the property of International Yegah Music Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)