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An overview of numerical and mathematical modelling-based distributed generation (DG) system optimisation techniques is presented in this review paper. The objective is to compare different aspects of these two broad classes of DG optimisation techniques, explore their applications, and identify potential research directions from reviewed studies. Introductory descriptions of general electrical power system and DG system are first provided, followed by reviews on renewable resource assessment, load demand analysis, model formulation, and optimisation techniques. In renewable resource assessment model review, uncertain solar and wind energy resources are emphasised whereas applications of forecasting models have been highlighted based on their prediction horizons, computational power requirement, and training data intensity. For DG optimisation framework, (solar, wind and tidal) power generator, energy storage and energy balance models are discussed; in optimisation technique section, both numerical and mathematical modelling optimisation methods are reviewed, analysed and criticised with recommendations for their improvements. In overall, this review provides preliminary guidelines, research gaps and recommendations for developing a better and more user-friendly DG energy planning optimisation tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming issue, which increasingly aggravates over time, necessitates the carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology for its efficient mitigation. Among the major CCS technologies, post-combustion capture is the most established and commonly employed. However, it poses several energy and environment-related problems. As such, research and development of the pre-combustion carbon capture has been conducted to overcome the drawbacks of this conventional approach, and incorporation of ionic liquid (IL) has been increasingly given attention. This paper intends to review the carbon dioxide separation technologies and those related to IL in pre-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture research progress, pilot plant and commercial facilities, as well as modelling approach with special focus on the computer-aided molecular design (CAMD). In the last aspect, emphasis is given to the IL-based UNIFAC model, and key research gaps are identified from the review as general guidelines for the future research work and development in this particular field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]