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This paper investigates seasonal patterns and annual trends of PM10 concentrations in the small town of Mosgiel located in Otago, southern New Zealand. A second aim is to explore the relationship between PM10 concentrations and concomitant meteorological factors. PM10 data were collected intermittently over a seven-year period (1998-2004) using both gravimetric Minovol and Hivol methods. Meteorological data were gathered over the same time period from two sites in the region. Although there has been an increase in annual PM10 concentrations over the period 2001-2004, the small dataset and the high variability precludes drawing firm conclusions. Monthly PM10 levels were at their highest in the winter months of June and July on days with low minimum daily temperatures, low wind speeds and little or no rainfall. the analysis shows that, based on limited data, PM10 exceeded the new national 24-hour PM10 standard of 50µg m-3 to ten times each winter. Given more frequent sampling, it is expected the number of exceedances could be significantly higher, and the Mosgiel area is unlikely to meet the new national standard, which allows only one exceedance of the standard each year. Analysis of meteorological data shows that minimum daily temperature and logarithmically transformed average daily wind-speed and total daily rainfall are all significantly correlated with PM10 concentration, but the correlations are not strong. The study highlights the need for regional authorities to undertake continuous sampling of particulate and more detailed meteorological monitoring close tot the pollution sources in order to better understand the air pollution meteorology of this small town. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition and relative abundance of airborne pollen in urban areas of Australia and New Zealand are strongly influenced by geographical location, climate and land use. There is mounting evidence that the diversity and quality of airborne pollen is substantially modified by climate change and land-use yet there are insufficient data to project the future nature of these changes. Our study highlights the need for long-term aerobiological monitoring in Australian and New Zealand urban areas in a systematic, standardised, and sustained way, and provides a framework for targeting the most clinically significant taxa in terms of abundance, allergenic effects and public health burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]