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This article discusses the decision paper entitled "A Framework for Aviation Cybersecurity," released by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Topics covered include areas identified in the paper, the international concern on aviation cybersecurity, and recommendations for addressing problem areas in the aviation industry.

We assume that during flights the amount of waste that is produced is limited. However, daily, approximately 8000 commercial airplanes fly above Europe's airspace while at the same time, more than 17,000 commercial flights exist in the entire world. Using primary data from airlines, which use the Larnaca's International Airport (LIA) in Cyprus, we have tried to understand why wastes are produced during a typical flight such as food waste, paper, and plastics, as well as how passengers affect the production of those wastes. The compositional analysis took place on 27 flights of 4 different airlines which used LIA as final destination. The evaluation indicated that the passenger's habits and ethics, and the policy of each airline produced different kinds of waste during the flights and especially food waste (FW). Furthermore, it was observed that the only waste management strategy that exists in place in the airport is the collection and the transportation of all those wastes from aircrafts and from the airport in the central unit for further treatment. Hence, this research indicated extremely difficulties to implement any specific waste minimization, or prevention practice or other sorting methods during the flights due to the limited time of the most flights (less than 3 h), the limited available space within the aircrafts, and the strictly safety roles that exist during the flights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades full-service airlines have targeted price-sensitive passengers, traditionally targeted by low-cost airlines, by promoting their economy class options. This paper aims to guide both types of airlines in promoting their economyclass options by utilizing factors influencing passenger preferences and loyalty. This paper identifies the relationship between the factors influencing economy-class passengers' airline preferences and passenger loyalty. It also shows the moderating the role of the airline business models, i.e., full-service and low-cost, in this relationship. The data was collected at airports from 418 passengers who had just traveled or would soon travel. The results indicate that schedule convenience influences the airline choice of economy-class passengers the most. Furthermore, passenger loyalty is significantly influenced by in-flight experience, schedule convenience, and punctuality, but not by affordability, assurance, and booking experience. Additionally, the type of airline business model moderates the influence of affordability on passenger loyalty. Full-service and low-cost airlines targeting price-sensitive passengers with economy class options are recommended to ensure schedule convenience and punctuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), established in 1955, after witnessing the days of glory has declined to the highest loss-making enterprise in Pakistan. Its global footprint and reputation are at a loss with every passing day. PIA faces challenges not only on international fronts but also with local airlines on various routes to the Middle East. The current state of affairs cannot be attributed to one factor but rather a multitude of factors primarily from operational mismanagement and lack of accountability to the adverse impact of policies. This paper highlights the commercial aviation environment and trends, factors of success to present times of downfall, emphasizing the contributing factors. This paper also focuses on strategies and efforts that can be made to ensure the resolution of present PIA issues and reconstruct the breakages that made the successful airline go to the verge of doom. The qualitative paper in nature is primarily based on unstructured interviews of different management tiers of PIA, Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority (PCAA), Aviation Division, professionals from the aviation industry and union representatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With liberalization of air travel services and the advent of low cost airlines, the Indian Civil Aviation Sector is in for a major overhaul over the next few years. As identified by the Naresh Chandra Committee, the current state of Indian airports is inadequate to handle the resulting increase in air traffic. This paper starts with a brief on the rationale for airport privatization and international experience with it, with a focus on developing countries. Gaps between Indian and international airports in some operating and financial metrics (like Non aeronautical revenue per passenger, passenger per employee etc) are used to identify possible areas for improvement in Indian airports. Finally, current modes of airport infrastructure provision in India are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aviation sector, essential for global trade, tourism, and cultural interaction, has evolved from a luxury to a vital economic component, generating billions annually. However, the Covid-19 pandemic has drastically reduced air travel demand and revenue, leading many airlines into financial distress, insolvency, and potential bankruptcy. This study examines the legal and policy frameworks addressing aviation insolvency, historical and contemporary causes of financial distress, and the impact on airline employees, clients, and suppliers. It evaluates government bailout programs and the role of aviation leasing companies and financiers in the bankruptcy process. Additionally, the study analyzes cross-border bankruptcy issues and their effects on global coordination. Besides discussing alternative funding and investment models for the industry’s recovery, the paper offers insights and recommendations for policymakers, to ensure the aviation sector’s long-term viability and resilience postpandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Airline efficiency growth is considered one of the key factors for aviation sustainability in Africa and for creating a successful relationship between aviation activities and economic development in the continent. This paper proposes estimating the efficiency of African airlines in the period 2010–2019 using a state-of-the-art stochastic frontier model disentangling persistent efficiency, transient efficiency, and unobserved heterogeneity. We also examine the impact on both persistent and transient efficiency of (i) ownership structure, (ii) political stability, (iii) airline geographical location, (iv) airline domicile country's economic freedom, and (v) airline participation in a global alliance. We find evidence of relatively low efficiency and decreasing returns to scale, implying that it is important to achieve better utilization of inputs. Our findings also suggest that protectionism seems still an important driver of efficiency in a context characterized by a lack of liberalization. However, enhanced economic freedom is found to be more relevant in improving the efficiencies of African airlines, suggesting that policy interventions aimed at speeding up the liberalization process may help to remove the conditions that make air carriers operate inefficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Customers have become accustomed to a highly streamlined and personalized experience when shopping online. While tech giants such as Apple, Amazon, and Netflix are experts in using customer information and shopping context to deliver relevant offers, airlines are falling behind in this regard with their static content and one-size-fits-all retailing approach. To meet the growing expectations of their customers, the airline industry has expressed a vision for dynamic offer creation, which will allow airlines to dynamically bundle and price a set of offers that is customized to the context of the shopping request. Realizing this vision requires significant advancements in both distribution and science. On the distribution side, these advancements will come with the adoption of the New Distribution Capability. On the science side, which is the focus of this paper, little progress has been made despite years of research. In particular, airlines still lack a tractable scientific model to dynamically create and price offer sets at scale. In this paper, we present a novel approach to solve the airline dynamic offer creation problem using a Markov chain choice model. Our model displays attractive qualitative properties—the resulting offers and prices are chosen in such a way as to discourage purchases of unprofitable offers and nudge customers towards more profitable ones. Our model naturally proposes offers that are relevant to the customer, as including irrelevant offers in the offer set leads to a reduction in revenue and ancillary purchase rates. In a simulation study with two customer segments, we find that our model significantly increases ancillary revenue over a naïve, unsegmented pricing model that mimics current state-of-the-art practice. While our studies are conducted under several idealized assumptions, they demonstrate a substantial revenue potential from dynamic offer creation in both unsegmented and segmented applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The background and contents of the Special Issue (SI) of "Integration and Cooperation in International Transportation" are summarized. The aim of the SI is the attraction and presentation of high-quality papers concerning this topic. "COOPERATION" and "INTEGRATION" are two promising topics of the published 8 papers. The beneficiaries of SI include academic researchers, shipping companies, railway companies, airline companies, terminal operators, and policy-makers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the correlation between the Twitter activity of two airline companies and their stock performance at the Istanbul Stock Exchange (BIST). Design/methodology/approach: Overall, 113,018 tweets were divided into 34,152 semantic and 78,866 share tweets. Semantic tweets are tweets mentioning company's products or services and were labeled manually and with deep learning models. Share tweets were divided into 13,618 relevant and 65,248 irrelevant tweets. Findings: A positive correlation was found between share tweets and stock performance. Semantic tweets did not display a correlation with stock performance. Relevant share tweets displayed as a strong correlation as all share tweets for one company. Also, the manual labeling of 8,000 tweets led to the discovery of many insights related to service provision in the airway industry, management of digital support channels, management of reputation on social media and using Twitter as a customer support platform. Practical implications: Relevant share tweets comprise only 20% of all share tweets for one company and show the same level of correlation with stock performance. This means that the efficiency of business intelligence solutions created to monitor Twitter activity can be improved five times by saving computational power, network bandwidth and data storage. Originality/value: Previous research has analyzed all Twitter activity taken together. By dividing tweets into semantic and share tweets, this paper illustrates that it is, in fact, share tweets that are correlated with stock performance and not semantic tweets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lidar and in situ observations performed during POLARCAT campaign are reported here in terms of statistics to characterize aerosol properties over northern Europe using daily airborne measurements conducted between Svalbard Island and Scandinavia from 30 March to 11 April 2008. It is shown that during this period, a rather large number of aerosol layers was observed in the troposphere, with a backscatter ratio at 532 nm of 1.2 (1.5 below 2 km, 1.2 between 5 and 7 km and a minimum in-between). Their sources were identified using multispectral backscatter and depolarization airborne lidar measurements after careful calibration analysis. Transport analysis and comparisons between in situ and airborne lidar observations are also provided to assess the quality of this identification. Comparison with level 1 backscatter observations of the spaceborne CALIOP lidar were done to adjust CALIOP multispectral observations to airborne observations on a statistical basis. Re-calibration for CALIOP daytime 1064 nm signals led to an increase of their values by about 30% in agreement with previous analyses. No re-calibration is made at 532 nm, but scattering ratios appear to be biased low. Regional analyses in the European Arctic then performed as a test, emphasize the potential of the CALIOP spaceborne lidar to further monitor more in depth properties of the aerosol layers over Arctic using infrared and depolarization observations. The CALIOP April 2008 global distribution of the aerosol backscatter reveal two regions with large backscatter below 2 km: the Northern Atlantic between Greenland and Norway, and Northern Siberia. The aerosol color ratio increase between the sources regions and the observations at latitudes above 70° N is consistent with a growth of the aerosol size once transported to the Arctic. The distribution of the aerosol optical properties in the mid troposphere supports the known main transport pathways between mid-latitudes and the Arctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents comments of the author on the outstanding papers on airline overbooking. The author says that the students had a wealth of information for the basic model from Internet and from other resources. The judges had to read and evaluate many diverse approaches in order to find the best papers. Judges found many papers with the exact same model and none of these clearly cited the universal source anywhere in the submission. The judges offered some suggestions to students, at the conclusion of the judging. The author says that most papers used a stochastic approach for their model.

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