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This essay draws on ideas from the history of the natural sciences—on "personae" and "paper technology"—to explain how the subculture of social anthropology emerged at the London School of Economics in the 1930s. It argues that the figure of the social anthropologist coalesced around a number of practices and symbols that Bronislaw Malinowski had done much to imbue with charisma and that his students attempted to reproduce in their own research. Historians have proposed that part of social anthropology's success lay in its practitioners' ability to foster a fictive individualism in their writing, cultivating an inward attitude of experience founded on acts of the self upon the self. This essay shows that the kind of knowledge produced in Malinowski's seminar was, in fact, a highly sociable, rather than an individualistic, affair. Social anthropologists in the 1930s constructed a mutually constitutive relationship of field and seminar. These were connected spaces, held together in the act of fieldwork—a practice that transcended and linked the geographical distance between the metropole and the periphery in the crucial years of the discipline's development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I examine the complex question of evading the state or negotiating the everyday state from the perspective of the lived experiences of the highland people of Tripura, Northeast India. From dominant perspectives, the highland people are perceived as living in isolation or being inclined to want to keep the state at distance. Contrary to such perceptions, anthropologists now posit that people imagine and perceive the state differently, what they refer to as local manifestations of the state. Building on such literature, this paper unravels how highland people of Tripura perceive and negotiate the (everyday) state for their own advantage. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, it argues that despite knowing that the everyday state is frustrating, the highland people of Tripura nevertheless regard it as their resource and, as active citizens, create strategies in negotiating what best they can extract from it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an overview of the panel papers on cybernetics and systems research presented at a session on Cultural Systems in Europe. Mathematical approaches applied to central problems addressed by cultural anthropologists; Awards and achievements of the panel papers; Discussion on mathematical methodology in the published work.

During the last decade at least twelve anthropologists studied the identities building process in the border region of western Greek Macedonia. Having lived in this area as a resident for four years, I operated both as an ethnographer and as a semi-native informant for other colleagues. My betwixt-and-between status forced me to reflect upon the relationship between ‘anthropological’ and ‘native’ discourses of knowledge and upon the local understandings of the anthropological discourse. This autobiographical paper argues for the impossibility of presenting clear-cut distinctions between ethnographers, natives, native ethnographers and ethnographic natives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent scholarship has emphasized professionalization within anthropology specific to forensic anthropology. In these debates, issues of certification, expertise, training, compensation, and job placement have been underscored. As research expands in biological, archaeological, and cultural issues pertinent to forensic anthropological work, the abilities and potential areas of specialization continue to rapidly expand. Yet, in the United States, many medical examiner's offices contract forensic anthropologists or individuals trained in a related field on a part-time basis. Here, this paper draws on existing literature and professional experience to put forth an alternative area of employment specifically for anthropologists - the law enforcement anthropologist. This paper argues for the use of full-time, civilian forensic anthropologists in law enforcement agencies that can collaborate with anthropologists associated with the medical examiner's office. It can be seen that law enforcement agency anthropologist can use anthropological training to increase success in search and recovery operations, securing fragile crime scenes (e.g., fatal fires), processing remains, consider biocultural issues, and assist in the identification process. Having an anthropologist situated within law enforcement not only provides another avenue of professional employment, but streamlines communication between law enforcement and the medical examiner's office, sensitizes law enforcement to the vital contributions of forensic anthropologists, and enhances the identification process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Music is an integral part of culture and human societies, which anthropologists study. What makes music so potent is its ability to contain values, reflect perspectives, and fill niches of societal needs. In this paper, I will discuss how ethnomusicology aids scholars in a deeper understanding of contexts, perspectives, and values in music and the experiences of the people who created it. I will analyze the relationships between music and technique, ritual, and religion in seven case studies. Drawing from examples from "right" singing in Estonia, the choral works of Stravinsky, Ambonwari rituals, ritual wailing in Amerindian Brazil, the maqam, syncretism in Southeast Asia, and Tamil Christian religious music, I will show how ethnomusicology uncovers understanding of the cosmology, values, and socio-cultural interactions of a people and their culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The windigo is a generally malicious figure in several Indigenous cultures of the land currently administered by the governments of the USA and Canada. In traditional narratives, the windigo is generally associated with hunger, greed, winter, and cannibalism. In this paper, I discuss how both Indigenous and non-Indigenous writers have used the figure of the windigo to critique and challenge environmental injustice. While some windigo stories present the being as a terrifying monster of the "wilderness", others use the figure as an embodiment of environmental destruction and the injustice that comes with it. Windigo stories also highlight three further aspects of colonial violence: military violence, sexual violence, and religious violence. Although some stories depict windigos being defeated through violence, many stress the importance of care and healing to overcome the windigo affliction. In fact, storytelling itself may be part of the healing process. Windigo stories, I argue, can be a useful way to interrogate the injustices created by colonialism and environmental destruction, and the stories can also offer hope for healing and for an environmentally just future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the controversy that followed the 1987 publication of Joseph Greenberg's book, Language in the Americas, attending to the role of language and linguistic research within overlapping disciplinary traditions. With this text, Greenberg presented a macro‐level tripartite classification that opposed then dominant fine‐grained analyses recognizing anywhere from 150 to 200 distinct language families. His proposal was the subject of a landmark conference, examining strengths and weaknesses, the unpublished proceedings of which are presented here for the first time. For specialists in the anthropological and comparative‐historical study of Indigenous American languages, Greenberg's intervention highlighted the tension between language, conceived as an abstract object of study, and languages, understood to be carriers of specific cultural knowledge. For physical anthropologists and archaeologists, his theory was initially fortuitous on programmatic, substantive, and methodological grounds. The essay will show how interdisciplinary appeals were figured by supporters as a virtue, and by critics as a vice. The essay further highlights ethical reasons for integrating historical narratives of science and the humanities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Editorial. Focuses on articles on nurse-anthropologists. Experiences in the field of nurse-anthropology; Blending of nursing and anthropology.

While archival user studies have largely focused on humanities (and adjacent) scholars, this paper focuses on anthropologists engaged in scientific research. Based on qualitative results from an open-ended survey, we investigate how science-based anthropologists perceive and use archives in their work. We ask: How are science-based anthropologists and archaeologists reusing archival data in their research? What difficulties or barriers do they encounter in reusing archival data in scientific contexts? What attitudes or understandings about archival research are held by science-based anthropologists and archaeologists? Our findings primarily add to the body of literature about user experience in archives and more broadly to the emerging literature on archival data reuse. Major findings include (1) barriers and gatekeeping legacies that impact archival research and the ability of researchers to reuse data and (2) mixed perceptions about archives among researchers. We also discuss suggestions made by these communities of practice, and the ways that barriers to archival data reuse may stem from a lack of knowledge about core archival and information infrastructures among researcher communities. Together, this research showcases possible (re)uses of important primary source data in archives among scientific communities but highlights that barriers to access and misperceptions create a gap in exploiting that potential. We argue for a "re-imagining" of anthropological archives as relevant to contemporary communities and scientific pursuits toward a richer scientific research environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If only implicitly, social anthropology has long incorporated joint attention as a research technique employed in what anthropologists call "the field". This paper outlines the crucial role joint attention plays in anthropolgical fieldwork—specifically in Participant Observation—and advances the position that joint attention is a goal rather than a starting point of fieldwork practice. Exploring how anthropologists tentatively use attention as a methodological tool to understand other people's lifeworlds, this paper draws parallels between Participant Observation and ordinary everyday interactions, thus teasing out a view of joint attention as a goal to be reached only by means of knowing what matters to others in the context of the lifeworld they inhabit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews and summarizes six economics papers written as part of a project bringing together economists and anthropologists on conceptions and analyses of wealth. The project paired economists and anthropologists in order to illuminate differences in method, analytic technique, and disciplinary framings between the two fields. Anthropologists comment on the economists' papers from their discipline's point of view. The overall project was intended to increase understanding and to encourage future collaborations and learning between the two fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the invitation of "Polar" magazine for anthropologists to submit articles and essays regarding issues of state administration and bureaucracies. It explores the important roles of the anthropologists and social scientists in investigating the implications of a bureaucratic administration and its effects of to the state. Moreover, the magazine invites scholars to express their views on how citizens should represent the state and about the functions of states agencies.

This paper considers the ways in which the painter Pang Xunqin "translated" the bodies of non-Han people, by examining his visual representation of the Miao people of Guizhou during the 1940s. His work needs to be understood within the context of the history of anthropology in Republican China. Since he worked closely with Chinese anthropologists his work was largely informed by an anthropological understanding of human diversity and of ethnographic collecting and museum practice, a matter hardly explored among current studies on Pang Xunqin. Pang's representation of the Miao was influenced in equal measure by customary Chinese ethnographic illustration and Western anthropological photography. This paper highlights the many sources that can be found in Pang's works and reveals how he depicted the peripheral frontier. The biopolitics of the body, employed as a system of ethnic classification by Chinese anthropologists, affected Pang's visualization of Miao bodies. In order to build a politicized and unifying Zhonghua minzu, Chinese anthropologists, demonstrated bodily similarities between Han Chinese and ethnic minorities in the southwest of China under categories of "Mongoloid" or "Yellow" racial types. Pang thus depicted Miao bodies by emphasizing their bodily similarities with the majority Han Chinese and adopting the physical features of "Mongoloid/Yellow." His work provides a fine example of the ways in which art can become politicized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the discovery of the chimp teeth from the Kapthurin Formation in the East African Rift Valley. Significance of the discovery because there is no fossils of modern apes had ever been found in Africa; Findings in the paper co-authored by Sally McBrearty, an anthropologist at the University of Connecticut, and Nina Jablonski, an anthropologist at the California Academy of Sciences; Discovery of the first chimp tooth by Jablonski from a collection of monkey fossils amassed by McBrearty from Kapthurin Formation; Implications for evolution and anthropology; Irony in the discovery of the teeth.

This paper develops an anthropological perspective on contextualizing entrepreneurship. We argue that interconnectedness is the quintessence of such a perspective and takes the form of (1) sociocultural ties between people; (2) interrelationships between micro, meso, and macro levels; and (3) connections between the past and the present. We illustrate this perspective through our research among ethnic Chinese entrepreneurs in Southeast Asia, identifying three kinds of sociocultural ties among the ethnic Chinese (kinship, spiritual, and patron-client ties) and positioning these ties in the historical and contemporary experiences of Chinese migration, settlement, and business venturing. In doing so, we show that an anthropological perspective broadens the empirical scope (including developing countries, minority groups, and "everyday" entrepreneurship), the methodological scope (employing ethnographic methods), and the conceptual scope (considering sociocultural ties at the interpersonal level) of entrepreneurship research. The contribution lies in operationalizing and theorizing context: we operationalize context through interconnectedness – comprising our three forms as well as ethnographic methodology to examine these – and theorize interconnectedness by elaborating how entrepreneurs "do" context through enacting the sociocultural ties that "embody" this context, while considering the micro-meso-macro and past-present connections that have engendered these ties. Our anthropological perspective presents a fine-grained and holistic analytical framework for contextualizing entrepreneurship. Plain English Summary: Anthropology can broaden current understandings of how context is perceived in entrepreneurship research. As the study of how people live and experience the world around them, anthropology explores social relationships and their cultural meanings – sociocultural ties – to provide insights into the everyday of the people and communities studied. Such sociocultural ties can also illuminate how entrepreneurs enact context, a missing link in entrepreneurship research. Based on research among ethnic Chinese entrepreneurs in Cambodia and Indonesia, three kinds of sociocultural ties are presented that play a key role in their entrepreneurship: kinship ties (shared family and ethnic background), patronage ties (interdependence of politicians and entrepreneurs), and spiritual ties (membership of religious communities). It is through these ties that context is enacted at the micro level and entwines with the entrepreneurial process. To debunk the idea that context equals external setting, we invite entrepreneurship researchers to include sociocultural ties to reveal how entrepreneurs enact context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article presents the discussion on bioarcheologists and forensic anthropologists. Topics include relating to bioarcheology education and training and research on archeological human remains in university, museum, and commercial contexts; and no ethics committee in place at the home institution or museum where the remains being curated.

This essay addresses the subject of the automatic colourisation of archival black and white photographs using artificial intelligence. In the context of digitisation, there is an increasing number of collections available. Since in most cases the photographs were taken in black and white due to technical limitations, rather than the artistic choice of the photographer, colourisation is potentially helpful for archivists and anthropologists in decrypting new meaning from archival collections. Colourisation is a process around which several questions revolve, both in terms of the usefulness of colourised photographs and the ethical dimension. This study reviews reasons both for and against colourisation. Research in the field of technology currently concentrates on technical details, with attention focused almost entirely on the process without looking critically at potential utility in other fields. Anthropologists, historians, archivists, and digital humanities researchers could benefit from these automated processes if they were made accessible. The main purpose of this paper is to initiate a debate that will result in an interdisciplinary collaboration between the technical and the humanities fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To date, a few studies have examined the use and circulation of votive materiality in religious pilgrimages. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, no study has explored the ritual reuse of votive materiality within pilgrimages. This paper aims to explore the (re)uses and circulations of votive materiality in the ritual process. Design/methodology/approach: In the analysis, the authors adopt the cross-views of an anthropologist and a marketing researcher. Votive practices are examined through the anthropologist's past ethnographies. Audiovisual data play a central role in this analysis. Moreover, the authors choose a comparative perspective by focusing on two not famed pilgrimage arenas, each mobilising Muslim pilgrims and food offerings. Findings: Revisiting the thoughts of Weber (1978) on the religious field and those of Kotler (2019) on transformational experiences, the authors propose a graphic schematisation to trace the circulations of votive materiality (sugar) involving four interdependent ideal-typical actors: the merchant, the priest, the mystical operator and the pilgrim-consumer who, in her/his quest for the divine, is the target for the first three. Either pilgrims or mystical operators can ritually reuse votive materiality. However, such reuses are not performed for ecological purposes, but for practical reasons, mainly due to an overabundance of votive materiality. Originality/value: It is often believed that a votive object is only for single use, used only once, for a single request or thanksgiving, by a single person. But the authors show that once used, certain votive objects – as vehicles for grace – can be reused, revealing an unexpected ritual reuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article outlines the evolution and significance of medical anthropology, particularly in the context of the North. It discusses the emergence of health anthropology as a distinct subfield within northern anthropology, highlighting the increasing focus on human health influenced by environmental, socio-economic, and cultural factors. It explores the growing presence of medical anthropologists in academia and other sectors in Alaska.

By focusing on the emergence and integration of "hybrid children" (konketsuji) anthropology into the Human Adaptability section of the International Biological Program (HA-IBP) in Japan during the 1950s and 1970s, this paper presents how transnational dynamics and mechanisms played out in shaping and maintaining the racist aspects while simultaneously allowed them to be included in the HA-IBP framework. It argues that Japanese anthropologists operated a double play between their national and transnational spaces, that is, they attenuated racist aspects of their research in their international activities while authenticating race in their national work. This paper will conclude with reflections on the transnational nationalism of konketsuji anthropology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a reflection on collaboration through dance. Drawing on ten years of fieldwork within the Swiss contemporary dance scene, the author, an anthropologist, dance scholar, and dancer, discusses her ethnographic practice, method, and writing inspired by collaborative anthropology. The first part of the paper advocates for dance as a practice-based research method, and for auto-ethnography to convey anthropological knowledge in a more accessible way. Research-creation is claimed to particularly suit sensorial topics, tending toward symmetrical relationships between anthropologists and fieldwork interlocutors. Drawing on an applied anthropological project using djembe dances for better social cohesion, the second part of the paper shows one possible engagement with society through dance practice. Generating intimacy and misconceptions, the project Kunda emphasizes how dance can become a laboratory to learn and negotiate intercultural differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On a continent where Africans suffered crises of dispossession, it is inaccurate to describe such crises as crises in representations. Drawing on Shona (people of Zimbabwe) proverb kukumirwa semombe dzamavhu (being mooed for as if one is a cow made of clay), this paper argues that colonial anthropology did not only generate crises in representations but anthropologists took it upon themselves to 'moo' for Africans. Similarly, emergent futures herald human minds being nanotechnologically scanned and transferred to clouds and into technological substrates. In this sense, crises of dispossession will worsen when humans are dispossessed of their minds, so scanned and transferred from biological brains to clouds and into technological substrates. Contributing insights to the anthropology of science and technology studies, this paper argues that with minds transferred from the biological brains, in the guise of defying mortality, Africans will be dispossessed of their voices and their minds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Western ideologies of literacy continue to affect outsiders' understanding of Indigenous peoples in the Pacific Northwest. The acquisition of print literacy and even the Christian beliefs of the main literacy teachers – missionaries – did not, in fact, assimilate Indigenous people in the ways the ideology promised. They have their own uses for and theories of literacy. As they combine two worlds and two powers – that of literacy and modernity and that of tradition and nature – they engage in what has been called cosmopolitics. However, early signs of this activity were erased by anthropologists who defined authentic stories as pre-contact and often filtered out signs of modernity, literacy, English language knowledge, and any content likely to offend their readers. However, a few seriously inauthentic early stories which explain Indigenous understandings of the centrality of 'paper' for colonial rule made it into print, and these stories are now being used to revitalise oral cultures. Western ideas about literacy and authenticity absorbed by contemporary non-Indigenous scholars and our 'expert' literacy skills continue to make it difficult for us to understand oral stories, even those about literacy aimed directly at us. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 2003-2004 academic year, library staff at the University of Rochester studied how faculty members find, use, and produce grey literature to do their scholarly work. We formed a research team that included an anthropologist, librarians, a graphic designer, computer scientist, programmer, and cataloger, and we learned the methods of work-practice study. With funding from the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS), we then interviewed twenty-five faculty members in art and art history, economics, modern languages, linguistics, physics, and political science with the hope that what we learned would be useful in designing additions or modifications to our institutional repository. As we conducted and analyzed the interviews resulting from this study, we discovered that some important questions about grey literature still remained. What exactly constitutes grey literature for Rochester's faculty in today's digital world? To what extent do our faculty members create and use grey literature, and might that material be deposited in our institutional repository? We also knew that the information gained from the departments studied under the aegis of the grant was necessarily limited, and we were interested in somehow expanding the reach of the study. We wanted to know which types of grey literature are most prevalent in all the disciplines and departments on our campus, not just the ones represented in our study. Could we tap into the expertise of subject librarians who work with faculty to inform our understanding of the grey literature used in other academic departments? Ultimately, we hoped that what we discovered would be useful in providing support to faculty who wished to make their grey literature available via our institutional repository. To learn more, the five subject librarians who were part of the larger research team - the authors of this paper - interviewed all of the River Campus Libraries subject librarians on the topic of grey literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two anthropologists explore what it means to “co-wonder” as an ethnographic and philosophical method, exemplifying what this might mean through an open-ended dialogue about a subject they hold in common—the study of death. As the “last wonder,” death brings home how the puzzle of our embodiment is both the source and the means for human speculation at its farthest limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we critically evaluate the insertion of anthropologists in the field in two locations in central and northern Mozambique, focusing on the negotiation and production of ethnographic data in contexts of uncertainty. The anthropologists entered the field sites of Micaúne and Cóbuè via non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and their existing development projects. During the fieldwork, the researchers developed a relationship of proximity with several participants who positioned the anthropologists as agents of change at the same level as NGO officials. We explore the partnership and negotiation between anthropologists and research participants, reflecting on the challenges of collaboration at a critical time when the economic development of Micaúne and Cóbuè was at stake. This enquiry goes beyond the political or ethical dimension of development to focus on the management of expectations for future change. Neste artigo, analisamos criticamente a inserção de antropólogos no campo em dois locais situados no centro e no norte de Moçambique, respectivamente, com foco na negociação e na produção de dados etnográficos em contextos de incerteza. A inserção dos antropólogos nas localidades de Chinde e Cóbuè se deu através de organizações não governamentais (ONGs) e seus projetos de desenvolvimento em implementação. Durante o trabalho de campo, os pesquisadores desenvolveram uma relação de proximidade com vários interlocutores que colocaram os antropólogos na posição de agentes de mudança no mesmo nível que os funcionários das ONGs. Neste trabalho, exploramos a parceria e a negociação entre antropólogos e seus interlocutores na investigação, refletindo sobre os desafios da colaboração num momento crítico, em que estava em risco o desenvolvimento econômico tanto de Chinde como de Cóbuè. Nossa reflexão vai para além da dimensão política ou ética do desenvolvimento, prestando atenção à gestão de expectativas em relação a futuras mudanças. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropologists working with marginalised populations in need of legal representation have faced challenges spanning epistemological, methodological and ethical questions. In the provision of evidence to legal-administrative processes, how do we overcome some of the obstacles in solving these problems? In this paper, we discuss our experience working through the case of a transgender asylum seeker from Mexico in the United States and the case of socio-cultural and legal concerns of a transgender youth in Los Angeles. The three partners in this paper are a socio-cultural anthropologist (Ngin), an immigration lawyer in Los Angeles (Yeh) and a community professional who works extensively with undocumented college students (Borjon). In Ngin's preparation of the cultural argument for the asylum case of the transgender person, it was Borjon's network of community contacts that provided the additional evidence for the case. As the case was delayed in the legal process, Attorney Yeh's legal insight explains the best course of action for the petitioner. In the second case of the young transgender youth, we discussed the precarity of the youth's situation and the possibility of socio-legal protection. In our analysis of these two cases, we discussed how we arrived at legally sound concepts with evidence supported by anthropological analytical methods while ensuring transparency of the provenance of evidence to meet ethical principles. Through these consultations in the construction of anthropological expertise, we also hope to decolonise expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document archive of anthropologist Mariza Corrêa (1945-2016) was donated in 2019 to the Arquivo Edgard Leuenroth, the same institution that houses the papers resulting from her work leading the History of Anthropology in Brazil Project since the 1980s. The objective of this article is to present three unpublished lectures by Corrêa, as well as her archives where this documentation is found, to make public some of the author's important work, and to encourage new research and reflection on this material, which is relevant to the field of the history of anthropology. This text is also based on my relationship with the documentation and the research I have been carrying out, which focuses on the trajectory of this anthropologist and her roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the challenges and possibilities of combining archival and ethnographic methods in the field of 'communal' violence studies in India. Drawing insights from debates among historians and anthropologists on the multifarious interactions between archives and ethnography and reflecting on the empirical case of persistent violence between Muslims and Christians in southern India, it argues for a creative synthesis of these two modes of inquiry for an adequate understanding of 'communal' violence and riot inquiry commissions in India. First, the paper critiques how colonial and postcolonial Indian archival reports problematically inscribe violence between any religious communities (such as Muslims and Christians) in the same narrative as the predominant case of Hindu-Muslim conflict. Second, it illuminates how archival ethnography can be an effective way of studying violence between religious communities and thus transcend conventional disciplinary boundaries. Finally, the paper introduces a nuanced approach, called 'ethnography of archiving', to detail the judicial and nonjudicial discourses and bureaucratic manoeuvring involved in the creation of an archival report, thereby unravelling the power relations, mediating processes, manipulations and bureaucratic performances that make commission reports problematic even today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marginality and liminality are concepts that are used in the study of the ancient Near East, although formal definitions for these terms are rarely given. This paper explores the history of the uses of these terms in social theory, discussing the origins of the terms in the writings of early twentieth-century thinkers such as Georg Simmel, Robert Ezra Park, and Victor Turner. It details how these ideas and concepts were debated by psychologists, sociologists, and anthropologists throughout the twentieth century, when these terms were adopted into Near Eastern studies. While these concepts were defined by social theorists, investigations of the archaeological, textual, and art-historical evidence from the ancient Near East show that they well reflect emic conceptualizations. Examples from Near Eastern contexts demonstrate the benefits of using flexible and multi-vocalic conceptualizations of marginality and liminality that still recognize the distinctiveness of these two issues. The paper concludes by offering different frameworks for applying these concepts to the study of the Bronze Age Near East. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forensic anthropologists are often responsible for the management of long-term unidentified individuals. Others have contextualised these decedents—many of whom likely belonged to socially, politically, and/or economically marginalised groups in life—as part of a larger identification crisis in the US. However, there has been little discussion surrounding how this humanitarian crisis has manifested in academic institutions, where anthropologists often provide medicolegal consultation and act as long-term stewards of the unidentified. The Identification & Repatriation Initiative was created at the Forensic Anthropology Centre at Texas State University (FACTS) to recognise and investigate unidentified human remains in long-term storage. Our paper outlines common challenges that were encountered during our initial reassessment of unidentified cases at FACTS, emphasising the detrimental impacts of inconsistent procedures, loss of context, and case fatigue. It is likely that other academic institutions face similar challenges, and by highlighting these issues we hope to help initiate a larger conversation concerning ethical stewardship of human remains in these settings. By incorporating humanitarian perspectives into forensic casework, anthropologists in academia can better advocate for the long-term unidentified. Forensic anthropologists at academic institutions are qualified to act as consultants on forensic casework when requested by jurisdictional authorities and are often responsible for the long-term management of unidentified human remains. The long-term unidentified represent a vulnerable population and academic institutions are not exempt from calls for humanitarian approaches to identification. The Identification and Repatriation Initiative was created at the Forensic Anthropology Centre at Texas State University to acknowledge and investigate unidentified human remains in long-term storage. This paper considers possible ways for humanitarian action to be incorporated into academic settings and suggests anthropologists can better advocate for the unidentified through procedural standardisation, institutional and interagency collaboration and ethical stewardship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decision by the British Colonial Office to prohibit the German-born anthropologist Paul Kirchhoff from entering any empire African colony, including South Africa, created a diplomatic problem as well a nearly derailing a major research project, 'the Changing African', developed by the German linguist Diedrich Westermann, London School of Economics (LSE) anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski and JR Oldham, secretary of the London-based International Institute of African Languages and Cultures (IIALC). This paper examines academic and political freedom, as well as the treatment of émigré scholars – those forced to leave for political and/or racial reasons –, in interwar imperial Britain and its colonies using Kirchhoff as a case study. It scrutinizes the role of government and its instrumentalities on the appointment of researchers, using political affiliation as a key factor; secondly, it investigates how quasi-academic institutions, such as the IIALC and the Australian National Research Council (ANRC) acquiesced to government demands. It also illuminates the transnational aspect of security services and the international reach of academic anthropology. Thirdly, it traces the impact such actions had on research project(s), that is, how research projects were modified considering a perceived or anticipated response by government and its instrumentalities in the colonies and dominions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the anthropological conception of the first modern Italian anthropologist, Paolo Mantegazza (1831–1910). We will begin by contextualizing the status of anthropology in Italy during the second half of the 19th century. Subsequently, we will delve into some of the inspirations that led the Italians to have such a multifaceted conception of the discipline. Next, we will outline the content of this approach and clarify the meaning of "omnicomprehensive science." From there, we will come to understand the reason for the variety of interests of the anthropologist, who aimed to study the human being in all aspects of life. We will then mention the moral objective present in his professional journey: through an understanding of the complexity of human life, the anthropologist wanted to contribute to the progress and well‐being of society; in other words, to "living well." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces critical elements in the substantial, albeit mostly unpublished, correspondence between cultural anthropologist Edward T. Hall and media theorist Marshall McLuhan related to artistic practice with emerging media technologies in the 1960s. It contextualizes their exchange within the broader theoretical discourses and artistic practices surrounding systems theory and media technology and highlights intersections between Hall and McLuhan's theoretical frameworks related to concepts of indeterminism, systems theory, and cybernetics in technology-based, kinesthetic, multisensory mediated environments in the 1960s. It particularly focuses on overlapping conceptual approaches toward the interrelation between the individual, the socio-cultural environment, and the emerging media-technological ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents news briefs related to economics as of September 1988. Schedule of the annual meeting of the American Economic Association; Incorporation of the National Association of Student Anthropologists as a unit of the American Anthropological Association; Acceptance of applications for resident research fellowships by the Jerome Levy Economics Institute of Bard College.

Anscombe distinguishes two notions of "self‐conscious": the philosophical notion, which refers to the special form of awareness one has of oneself as oneself, and the ordinary notion, which we employ when we speak of "feeling self‐conscious before another". My aim in this paper is to show that ordinary self‐consciousness cannot be understood in terms of either of the forms of intersubjective relation standardly acknowledged in the philosophical literature. It cannot be understood reductively, in terms of the psychological states of each subject nor can it be understood in terms of an irreducible second personal relation. Instead, I argue that in order to understand the phenomenological structure of ordinary self‐consciousness, we must rehabilitate Sartre's thought that when I am conscious of myself as being the object of another's gaze, I experience myself as being acted upon by them, in such a way that what I experience them as doing to me and what I experience myself as thereby undergoing are two aspects of an irreducible interpersonal transaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In December 2003 the Traditional Leadership and Governance Framework Act, 2003 (No 41 of 2003) was eventually promulgated. This was the culmination of an extended process of submissions, consultation, releasing of a draft White Paper, workshops, activities of a White Paper Task Team and its subcommittees, meetings with the responsible minister and between various ministries. Stemming from the experiences and perceptions of an anthropologist commissioned to become involved in a part of this process, this paper seeks to interrogate some of the issues which emerged in the course of proceedings. In arguing that policy development and implementation is about intentional human behaviour, and that some preceding ideas, conceptions or notions are always involved, it follows that many variables can play a role in the decision-making and strategies involved. Thus the information available, perceptions of such information, political (and other) agendas and power relations between individuals and groups, and between levels of authority, all come into play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This special issue suggests that the need to examine the entangled lives of species, selves and other beings through a multisensory perspective is crucial and timely. Developing on a sensory analysis, one that emerges through what Anna Tsing refers to as the 'arts of noticing' (2015), this introductory paper explores how both nonhuman and human lives are intertwined, and how their close examination can guide anthropologists in their ability to capture the subtleties of more‐than‐human engagement, connection and relatedness. Through articles within this issue from Australian anthropology and beyond, we ask how becoming‐with more‐than‐humans helps us to construct a post‐humanist analysis in the combination of sensory anthropology and multispecies anthropology. Through a combination of these two fields, the paper suggests, anthropology can take up the opportunity to think about animals as subjects, through our ability to communicate beyond language and to engage in a more meaningful way through interspecies knowledge‐making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism Studies cannot rely upon studies of tourism alone to cover its range. While the anthropology of tourism had once sustained a revival, disciplinary inertia suggests a renewal is again overdue and anthropology might justify a reconstruction. The possibilities of tourism as 'study' perhaps remain unfulfilled, despite significant antecedents in Malcolm Crick's work, where anthropology exactly glosses as travel plus study. This builds upon the desire to know worlds, to contribute to human togetherness across differences, economic disparity, languages, faiths, and political inclinations. Thus, calling for engagement with the political, postcolonial, and ontological concepts of anthropology, including multi-site 'fieldwork' methodologies, reanimates tourism studies via the critical idealism of study as priority for anthropologists, workers and tourists. Alongside questions of privilege, re-booting tourism studies through anthropology in the service of knowledge posits tourism as much more than study tours, finding out about heritage sites, or guides with stories to tell. Crick's credo of 'going to have a look for yourself' could be a rallying cry for participatory ethnography in tourism. In a more vulnerable world, anticipating future ethnographic work in Vietnam, the paper seeks insights and opportunities for a new engagement in the study of anthropology as tourism studies and tourism more widely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropologists have extensively examined the material politics of bureaucratic rule and technical expertise. But ethnographic analysis must also attend to the politics of mathematical abstractions that cannot be reduced to any specific kind of materiality. A key site to appreciate such politics is the georeferentiation of Indigenous property polygons in Peru's Amazonian region of Loreto. In the context of climate change and biodiversity loss, both the Peruvian state and Indigenous communities have pinned their hopes on mathematically stabilizing Indigenous property polygons. But these hopes are haunted by the confusing accumulations of informal attempts to make sense of these territories over time. To appreciate these accumulations, the state engineer (ingeniero) can serve as a privileged prism. Thinking through polygons provides an opportunity to interrogate emerging forms of Indigenous territoriality in Amazonia, as well as the contentious politics of mathematical abstractions in contemporary global environmental governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a growing focus on diversity initiatives in the field of anthropology, accessibility to advancement is growing further out of reach for many students and early career professionals. There has been a noticeable uptick in the cost of organization membership fees, the culmination of conference costs, and the cost of certifications. This stands in contrast to an increase in the number of lower-paid adjunct positions taking the place of associate and assistant professorships and the lack of permanent applied positions. For graduating and early career anthropologists, the prospect of thriving in a field that is becoming increasingly costly seems daunting. This paper will examine growing economic exclusivity within biological anthropology and suggest possible solutions to make the field more widely accessible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]