56,776 results
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2. Call for Special Issue Papers: Virus-Induced Programmed Cell Death.
- Author
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Russell RS
- Subjects
- Apoptosis
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Portable and Visual Detection of Cytochrome c with Graphene Quantum Dots–Filter Paper Composite
- Author
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Liangtong Li, Yongjian Jiang, Ni Wang, Yusheng Feng, Binbin Chen, and Jian Wang
- Subjects
graphene quantum dots ,cytochrome c ,apoptosis ,inner filter effect ,portable ,filter paper ,Biochemistry ,QD415-436 - Abstract
As a significant biomarker during the apoptosis process, cytochrome c (Cyt c) is considered as a critical component in the inherent apoptotic pathway, but the simple and portable detection still remains challengeable. In this work, a portable and visual sensing platform for Cyt c was developed based upon the fluorescence quenching of graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which could be finished within a few seconds. Herein, the absorption spectrum of Cyt c matched the emission spectrum of GQDs well, which could cause the fluorescence quenching of GQDs via the inner filter effect (IFE) in the range of 1–50 μg/mL with the limit of detection as low as 0.1 μg/mL. Furthermore, the intracellular Cyt c was imaged to observe the apoptosis process of cancer cells induced by staurosporine. To achieve the portable and visual detection of Cyt c, GQDs were deposited on the filter paper to form the solid platform, which displayed a gradual fluorescence quenching when different concentrations of Cyt c were present. Compared to the conventional methods, the proposed assay is low-cost, fast, portable, and visual, which will be useful for the investigation of mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic cell death.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Toxicity of extracts from disposable chopsticks, toothpicks, and paper cups on L-929 cells.
- Author
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Li J, Chen S, Li W, Yang G, and Zhu W
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Adhesion drug effects, Cell Line, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cell Shape drug effects, Cell Survival drug effects, China, Clone Cells, Dental Devices, Home Care adverse effects, Disposable Equipment, Fibroblasts cytology, Fibroblasts pathology, Mice, Necrosis, Toxicity Tests, Wood adverse effects, Apoptosis drug effects, Consumer Product Safety, Cooking and Eating Utensils, Fibroblasts drug effects, Paper, Plant Extracts toxicity, Wood chemistry
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the toxicity of extracts from disposable chopsticks, toothpicks, and paper cups on L-929 cells., Methods: We followed national standards to prepare the extracts from disposable chopsticks, toothpicks, and paper cups used for the cell culture media, and the morphology of L-929 cells was observed with an optical microscope. The loss rate for adherent cells was evaluated with the trypan blue exclusion method, and cell proliferation was determined using the WST-1 assay., Results: Compared with the control group, the cells cultured in media containing the extracts showed signs of apoptosis and necrosis after culturing for 4 or 7 days, and the loss rate for adherent cells was significantly increased (P < 0.05). An obvious decrease in cell viability was also observed (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The extracts from disposable chopsticks, toothpicks, and paper cups can affect the growth and proliferation of L-929 cells and are potentially toxic to humans.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Original research paper. Hydrazinyldiene-chroman-2,4-diones in inducing growth arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer cells: Synergism with doxorubicin and correlation with physicochemical properties.
- Author
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Ballazhi L, Imeri F, Jashari A, Popovski E, Stojković G, Dimovski AJ, Mikhova B, and Mladenovska K
- Subjects
- Antineoplastic Agents chemical synthesis, Breast Neoplasms metabolism, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Cell Movement drug effects, Coumarins chemical synthesis, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Synergism, Female, Humans, Inhibitory Concentration 50, MCF-7 Cells, Molecular Structure, Permeability, Phosphorylation, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt metabolism, Signal Transduction drug effects, Solubility, Structure-Activity Relationship, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols pharmacology, Apoptosis drug effects, Breast Neoplasms drug therapy, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Coumarins pharmacology, Doxorubicin pharmacology, Drug Design, G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints drug effects
- Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of previously synthesized hydrazinyldiene-chroman-2,4-diones on cell proliferation and apoptosis, cell cycle distribution and migration capacity of MCF-7 breast cancer cells in synergy with doxorubicin. Physicochemical properties of the synthesized compounds were correlated with their structure and activity. Significant cell viability decrease in comparison with the effect of doxorubicin alone and the reference 4-hydroxycoumarin was observed when combination treatment comprising doxorubicin and the title compounds was applied. Synergistic effect with doxorubicin was also observed in down-regulation of phospho-Thr308Akt levels, confirming reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis. Combined treatment increased the percentage of cells arrested at the G2/M stage. Additive inhibition of cell migration was also observed, pointing to the possibility of reducing the risk of metastases. With their solubility profile and log D7.4, all the synthesized compounds follow Lipinski's rule of five for good permeability (absorption) potential.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The paper trail: is the past the future?
- Author
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Levine GM
- Subjects
- Forecasting, Humans, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand, Apoptosis, Neoplasms
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Selenium-doped hydroxyapatite biopapers with an anti-bone tumor effect by inducing apoptosis.
- Author
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Zhou ZF, Sun TW, Qin YH, Zhu YJ, Jiang YY, Zhang Y, Liu JJ, Wu J, He SS, and Chen F
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Line, Tumor, Humans, Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial drug effects, Mice, Nanowires chemistry, Paper, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Antineoplastic Agents chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Apoptosis drug effects, Bone Neoplasms pathology, Durapatite chemistry, Selenium chemistry, Selenium pharmacology
- Abstract
One-dimensional hydroxyapatite (HA) particularly mimics the structure of mineralized collagen fibrils and displays superior mechanical properties such as toughness. Herein, we report Se-doped HA/chitosan (Se-HA/CS) biopapers constructed with self-assembled Se-doped HA nanowires and chitosan. The Se-HA/CS biopapers with high flexibility and manufacturability can not only be further processed into arbitrary shapes by folding or using scissors but also display high performances in in vitro/vivo anti-bone tumor studies. The Se-HA/CS biopapers are more inclined to inhibit the growth of tumor cells (HCS 2/8 and SJSA cells) than that of normal human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs). The potential mechanisms of this meaningful anti-tumor effect were investigated, such as reactive oxygen species accumulation and the activation of apoptosis and the underlying signal pathway involved (including caspase family, Bcl-2 family and JNK/STAT3). The results demonstrate that Se-HA/CS biopapers may inhibit the growth of HCS 2/8 and SJSA cells by synchronously inducing JNK activation and STAT3 inhibition and consequently promote the apoptosis of these cells. Furthermore, the in vivo anti-tumor studies confirm that the Se-HA/CS biopapers obviously suppress the growth of patient-derived xenograft tumor models.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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8. Scientific Papers Have Various Structures
- Author
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Hardcastle, Valerie Gray
- Published
- 1999
9. Apoptosis following myocardial infarction: cardiomyocytes and beyond--comment on the paper 'Dynamics of serum-induced endothelial cell apoptosis in patients with myocardial Infarction' by Forteza et al.
- Author
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Roubille F and Barrére-Lemaire S
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Male, Apoptosis physiology, Endothelial Cells physiology, Myocardial Infarction physiopathology, Serum physiology
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Apoptotic pathways: paper wraps stone blunts scissors.
- Author
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Green DR
- Subjects
- Animals, Caspase Inhibitors, Caspases metabolism, Enzyme Inhibitors metabolism, Proteins metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 metabolism, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor metabolism, X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein, Apoptosis
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Proliferation and apoptosis dynamics of the normal canine mammary gland during the oestrous cycle evaluated by Ki-67 and Caspase-3 indexes.
- Author
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Pinheiro BQ, Cavalcante FEP, Lopes CCC, Marcos RJPC, da Silva LDM, Dos Santos MSA, and Faustino AMR
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Dogs, Estradiol blood, Estradiol metabolism, Epithelial Cells, Ki-67 Antigen metabolism, Apoptosis physiology, Mammary Glands, Animal physiology, Mammary Glands, Animal cytology, Caspase 3 metabolism, Cell Proliferation, Estrous Cycle physiology, Progesterone blood, Progesterone metabolism
- Abstract
Understanding the normal physiology of the canine mammary gland (CMG) is crucial, as it provides a foundational reference for understanding canine mammary neoplasms. The relation between the Proliferation Index (PI) indicated by Ki-67 expression, along with the Apoptotic Index (AI) determined through Caspase-3 expression during the oestrous cycle, is inadequately documented in existing literature. This study seeks to offer insights into the interplay between PI and AI in the CMG across oestrous cycle phases. An extensive investigation was conducted on a diverse case series of bitches (n = 18). Oestrous cycle stages were determined through vaginal cytology, histological examination of the reproductive tract and serum progesterone and oestradiol concentrations. The entire mammary chain was histologically examined, and proliferation and apoptosis were assessed via double immunohistochemistry employing anti-Ki-67 and Caspase-3 antibodies. PI and AI were evaluated through a systematic random sampling approach, counting a minimum of 200 cells for each cell type. There was a significantly higher PI during early dioestrus in all mammary gland components, with a greater proportion of positive cells observed in epithelial cells compared to stromal cells. The highest PI was detected in epithelial cells within the end buds. Significant differences were found in Ki-67 labelling across the cranial mammary glands. A positive and strong correlation was noted between progesterone concentration and PI in epithelial cells. The AI remained consistently low throughout the oestrous cycle, with few differences observed across histological components. Caspase-3 labelling displayed the highest positivity in caudal mammary pairs. A negative and moderate correlation was identified between progesterone concentration and AI in interlobular mesenchymal cells. This study highlights the influence of endocrine regulation on cell proliferation indices in mammary tissue, emphasizing the need to consider these hormonal variations in toxicopathological studies involving canine mammary gland., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Inhibitory effects of medium-chain fatty acids on the proliferation of human breast cancer cells via suppression of Akt/mTOR pathway and modulating the Bcl-2 family protein.
- Author
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Roopashree PG, Shetty SS, Shetty VV, Suhasini PC, and Suchetha KN
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Movement drug effects, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic drug effects, MCF-7 Cells, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt metabolism, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases metabolism, Apoptosis drug effects, Breast Neoplasms metabolism, Breast Neoplasms drug therapy, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Fatty Acids metabolism, Fatty Acids pharmacology, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 metabolism, Signal Transduction drug effects
- Abstract
Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) have 6-12 carbon atoms and are instantly absorbed into the bloodstream before traveling to the portal vein and the liver, where they are immediately used for energy and may have antitumor effects. Its role in breast cancer is poorly understood. To investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of MCFAs in breast cancer cells, cell viability assay, colony formation assay, cell migration assay, cell invasion assay, nuclear morphology, cell cycle assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), apoptosis, RT-qPCR analysis, and Western blot analysis were performed. In the present study, MCFA treatments reduced proliferative capability, increased ROS level, increased the depletion of MMP, induced G0/G1 and S phase cell cycle arrest, and late apoptosis of breast cancer cells in an effective concentration. Besides, MCFA treatment contributed to the upregulation of proapoptotic protein (BAK) and caspase-3, and the downregulation of antiapoptotic protein (Bcl-2). Mechanistically, phosphorylation levels of EGFR, Akt, and mTOR were significantly reduced in breast cancer cells treated with MCFAs. However, no significant changes in apoptosis and signaling-related proteins were observed in lauric acid-treated ER-positive cancer cells. Our findings suggested that MCFAs suppressed breast cancer cell proliferation by modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. MCFAs may be a promising therapeutic drug for treating breast cancer., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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13. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles promote corneal epithelial repair and suppress apoptosis via modulation of Caspase-3 in vitro.
- Author
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Tati V, Mitra S, Basu S, and Shukla S
- Subjects
- Humans, Cell Proliferation, Cells, Cultured, Wound Healing, Corneal Injuries metabolism, Corneal Injuries therapy, Corneal Injuries pathology, Extracellular Vesicles metabolism, Mesenchymal Stem Cells metabolism, Apoptosis, Epithelium, Corneal metabolism, Caspase 3 metabolism
- Abstract
Corneal injuries are the major cause of blindness and visual impairment. Available treatments are limited by their efficacy and side effects. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles are presumed as functional equivalents and potential candidates for cell-free therapy. This study reports isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and evaluates their role in mediating epithelial repair and apoptosis in cultured corneal epithelial cells through scratch assay, PCR, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry in vitro. The isolated extracellular vesicles were spherical, < 150 nm in diameter, and characterized as CD9
+ , CD63+ , CD81+ , TSG101+, and Calnexin- . Further, these vesicles promoted corneal epithelial repair by enhancing proliferation and suppressed apoptosis by regulating the expression of BAD, P53, BCL-2, and cleaved CASPASE-3. Thus, our results suggest that BM-MSC-EVs might have the potential to be used for the treatment of injury-induced corneal epithelial defects. Clinical translation of this work would require further investigations., (© 2024 The Authors. FEBS Open Bio published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Federation of European Biochemical Societies.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Maternal exposure to hyperbaric oxygen at the preimplantation stages increases apoptosis and ectopic Cdx2 expression and decreases Oct4 expression in mouse blastocysts via Nrf2-Notch1 upregulation and Nf2 downregulation.
- Author
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Li YM, Chung YL, Wu YF, Wang CK, Chen CM, and Chen YH
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Female, Pregnancy, Down-Regulation, Hyperbaric Oxygenation methods, Up-Regulation, Maternal Exposure adverse effects, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, CDX2 Transcription Factor metabolism, CDX2 Transcription Factor genetics, Apoptosis, Octamer Transcription Factor-3 metabolism, Octamer Transcription Factor-3 genetics, Blastocyst metabolism, NF-E2-Related Factor 2 metabolism, NF-E2-Related Factor 2 genetics, Receptor, Notch1 metabolism, Receptor, Notch1 genetics
- Abstract
Background: The environmental oxygen tension has been reported to impact the blastocyst quality and cell numbers in the inner cell mass (ICM) during human and murine embryogenesis. While the molecular mechanisms leading to increased ICM cell numbers and pluripotency gene expression under hypoxia have been deciphered, it remains unknown which regulatory pathways caused the underweight fetal body and overweight placenta after maternal exposure to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO)., Results: The blastocysts from the HBO-exposed pregnant mice revealed significantly increased signals of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nuclear Nrf2 staining, decreased Nf2 and Oct4 expression, increased nuclear Tp53bp1 and active caspase-3 staining, and ectopic nuclear signals of Cdx2, Yap, and the Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD) in the ICM. In the ICM of the HBO-exposed blastocysts, both Nf2 cDNA microinjection and Nrf2 shRNA microinjection significantly decreased the ectopic nuclear expression of Cdx2, Tp53bp1, and Yap whereas increased Oct4 expression, while Nrf2 shRNA microinjection also significantly decreased Notch1 mRNA levels and nuclear expression of N1ICD and active caspase-3., Conclusion: We show for the first time that maternal exposure to HBO at the preimplantation stage induces apoptosis and impairs ICM cell specification via upregulating Nrf2-Notch1-Cdx2 expression and downregulating Nf2-Oct4 expression., (© 2023 American Association for Anatomy.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Pore-forming proteins as drivers of membrane permeabilization in cell death pathways.
- Author
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Vandenabeele P, Bultynck G, and Savvides SN
- Subjects
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein metabolism, Cell Membrane metabolism, Membranes metabolism, Apoptosis
- Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) relies on activation and recruitment of pore-forming proteins (PFPs) that function as executioners of specific cell death pathways: apoptosis regulator BAX (BAX), BCL-2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK) and BCL-2-related ovarian killer protein (BOK) for apoptosis, gasdermins (GSDMs) for pyroptosis and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) for necroptosis. Inactive precursors of PFPs are converted into pore-forming entities through activation, membrane recruitment, membrane insertion and oligomerization. These mechanisms involve protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions, proteolytic processing and phosphorylation. In this Review, we discuss the structural rearrangements incurred by RCD-related PFPs and describe the mechanisms that manifest conversion from autoinhibited to membrane-embedded molecular states. We further discuss the formation and maturation of membrane pores formed by BAX/BAK/BOK, GSDMs and MLKL, leading to diverse pore architectures. Lastly, we highlight commonalities and differences of PFP mechanisms involving BAX/BAK/BOK, GSDMs and MLKL and conclude with a discussion on how, in a population of challenged cells, the coexistence of cell death modalities may have profound physiological and pathophysiological implications., (© 2022. Springer Nature Limited.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. A paper-based electrochemiluminescence electrode as an aptamer-based cytosensor using PtNi@carbon dots as nanolabels for detection of cancer cells and for in-situ screening of anticancer drugs
- Author
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Wu, Ludan, Zhang, Yan, Wang, Yanhu, Ge, Shenguang, Liu, Haiyun, Yan, Mei, and Yu, Jinghua
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Bisphenol A enhances apoptosis, fibrosis, and biochemical fluctuations in the liver of adult male rats with possible regression after recovery.
- Author
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Amin MAS, Sonpol HMA, Gouda RHE, and Aboregela AM
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Rats, Fibrosis, Apoptosis, Liver
- Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental contaminant that might be harmful. Human exposure to BPA can occur during the fetal and postnatal periods and extends throughout life. This study aimed to estimate the effects of oral administration of BPA on rat liver and assess the possibility of recovery after cessation. Adult male albino rats were orally administered with BPA (50 mg/kg body weight) for 8 weeks, and then one group was left to recover for 4 weeks. Histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assessments were performed. Loss of hepatic architecture, vascular dilatation congestion, and exudation, as well as cellular vacuolation, fat accumulation, and pyknotic nuclei were detected. Furthermore, inflammatory infiltration, localized metaplasia, and excessive collagen deposition in the portal triad were observed. Expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein and transforming growth factor beta 1 was prominent, denoting apoptosis and fibrosis. After the administration of BPA, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins were enhanced. Additionally, total protein, albumin, and high-density lipoproteins decreased. After a recovery for 4 weeks, hepatic cellular and vascular pathologies returned to normal, except for some inflammatory infiltration. Regarding biochemical affection, most of the parameters were directed toward normal during recovery. However, most of them were still significantly different from controls. This explored BPA hepatotoxicity from structural and functional aspects, and the possible spontaneous reversibility was confirmed. However, the precise mechanisms underlying hepatotoxicity or recovery need more in-depth investigations., (© 2022 American Association for Anatomy.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Research Paper: The Impact of Synovial NF-ĸB Activation on Apoptosis Pattern Change During Adjuvant-induced Inflammation
- Author
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Sahar Golabi, Jalal Zaringhalam, and Homa Manaheji
- Subjects
Inflammation ,Arthritis ,NF-ĸB ,Apoptosis ,Synovial membrane ,Complete Freund’s Adjuvant ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Introduction: Apoptosis dysregulation plays a substantial role in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammation and its related symptoms such as edema. Regulation of NF-ĸB activation is involved in apoptosis pattern change. The current study aimed at verifying the effects of local inflammation on edema and changes in apoptotic markers, and investigating the possible role of NF-ĸB in apoptosis pattern change during different stages of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced knee arthritis in rats. Methods: A total of 96 male Wistar rats were divided into different experimental groups. Arthritis was evoked into the right knee articular joint. Changes made in knee edema were assessed by caliper on the days 0, 7, 14, and 21 of the study. Synovial NF-ĸB and levels of apoptotic markers were evaluated during different stages of the study using Western blot technique. Results: CFA injection caused intense edema during the whole study period. Synovial NF-ĸB level increased during the whole study period. The level of apoptotic markers increased during the acute phase of study. But during chronic phase, the apoptosis level decreased. Inh-NF-ĸB administration increased synovial apoptosis during the whole study period. Conclusion: It seems that apoptosis pattern change plays an important role in the progression and modulation of CFA-induced inflammation and its related symptoms. Also, it can be concluded that synovial NF-ĸB had a crucial role in synovial apoptosis change during the study period.
- Published
- 2017
19. Original papers A study on efficacy of 308 nm excimer light therapy in alopecia areata
- Author
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Zo Nun Sanga and Asit Mittal
- Subjects
apoptosis ,alopecia areata ,cis-urocanic acid. ,Medicine ,Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Abstract
Introduction. Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune condition characterized by T-cell-mediated attack on hair follicles. Objective. Evaluation of efficacy of 308 nm excimer light in the treatment of alopecia areata. Material and methods. Patches of AA were treated twice weekly, but not on 2 consecutive days, with UVB excimer 308 nm light. In all patients, half of the AA patch was irradiated and the other half was spared, covered with a black rubber shield and taken as a control. Therapy was started with an initial dose of 300 mJ/cm 2 , with an incremental dose of 100 mJ/cm 2 at every sitting until fine erythema appeared. Results. At the end of the treatment, one patient (3.33%) at the test site showed > 50% hair regrowth vs. none at the control site. After a 2-month post-treatment period, successful hair regrowth (grades 3 and 4) was seen in 12 patients at test sites and in 2 patients at control sites. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). After 4 months successful hair regrowth (grades 3 and 4) was seen in 16 patients at test sites and in 5 patients at control sites. The differences were statistically significant (p 0.05). Conclusions. Excimer light has the potential to stimulate hair regrowth in patches of alopecia areata.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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20. Elevated ovarian follicular apoptosis and heat shock protein-70 expression in white sucker exposed to bleached kraft pulp mill effluent.
- Author
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Janz DM, McMaster ME, Munkittrick KR, and Van der Kraak G
- Subjects
- Animals, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 metabolism, Female, Fishes, Liver drug effects, Liver metabolism, Ontario, Ovary physiology, Paper, Apoptosis, HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins metabolism, Ovary drug effects, Water Pollutants toxicity
- Abstract
Exposure of feral fish populations to bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKME) results in a variety of negative impacts on reproductive fitness including reduced ovarian development, reduced egg size, decreased fecundity with age, delayed sexual maturation, and alterations in reproductive endocrine homeostasis at multiple sites along the pituitary-gonadal axis. The present study provides evidence of elevated apoptotic DNA fragmentation and increased expression of the 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) in ovarian follicular cells from prespawning white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) exposed to BKME. Apoptosis is the molecular mechanism responsible for ovarian follicular atresia which is involved in various stages of vertebrate ovarian development such as follicular recruitment, growth, differentiation, and regression. In mammals, induction of HSP70 is associated with inhibition of hormone-sensitive steroidogenesis and mediation of luteal regression. The 3'-end labeling of isolated ovarian follicular cell DNA revealed a 10-fold increase in the extent of apoptosis in BKME-exposed white sucker in comparison to follicles collected from a nearby reference site. Western blotting for ovarian follicular HSP70 levels showed increased expression of this protein in fish exposed to BKME. The elevated ovarian cell apoptosis and increased HSP70 expression in BKME-exposed fish were associated with reduced ovary size, decreased plasma testosterone, and increased plasma 17 beta-estradiol concentrations, but not induction of hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity. It is not known whether increased ovarian HSP70 expression in BKME-exposed fish is related to elevated apoptosis or represents a general response to environmental stress. Since apoptosis is regulated by several hormonal factors and conserved gene products, these data suggest that certain components of BKME increase ovarian cell apoptosis in fish via stimulation of cell death signaling. However, it is unclear whether BKME stimulates ovarian cell apoptosis directly or if this response occurs secondarily as a result of altered reproductive endocrine homeostasis.
- Published
- 1997
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21. Paper Synthesis, Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induction in Human Tumor Cells by Galaxamide and Its Analogues
- Author
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Xi Xiao, Xiaojian Liao, Shaoling Qiu, Zihao Liu, Bin Du, and Shihai Xu
- Subjects
galaxamide ,peptide ,synthesis ,anticancer ,apoptosis ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Our previous study reported that galaxamide, which is a cyclo-pentapeptide containing five leucines that was extracted from Galaxaura filamentosa, displayed remarkable anticancer cytotoxicity. This novel cyclo-peptide provided a new skeleton for the structural modifications used in finding new drugs with better anticancer properties. In this study, five analogues were synthesized based on changing the number of d/l amino acids by adding a new amino acid, phenylalanine. Galaxamide and five of its analogues were evaluated through MTT assays to examine their cytotoxic activities. We found that modified analogue 5, which is referred to as A5, displayed broad spectrum cytotoxic activity toward every cell line tested; in addition, the IC50 of A5 was lower than that of galaxamide and the other analogues. Furthermore, we used flow cytometry and western blot assays to investigate whether galaxamide and A5 could induce cancer cell apoptosis. The flow cytometric studies showed that HepG2 cells treated with different concentrations of galaxamide or A5 over 72 h displayed significant and dose-dependent increases in the percentages of early-stage apoptotic cells. Western blotting revealed that both compounds induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in HepG2 cells through a mitochondria-mediated pathway. The results demonstrate that galaxamide and its analogues have potential applications as clinical anticancer drugs.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. ORIGINAL PAPER The effect of monosodium glutamate on the apoptosis of rat thymocytes and Bcl-2 protein expression
- Author
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Voja Pavlović and Snežana Cekić
- Subjects
monosodium glutamate ,thymocytes ,apoptosis ,Bcl-2 ,Medicine - Abstract
Introduction: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the sodium salt of glutamic acid widely spread in modern nutrition. Numerous recent studies have shown the existance of glutamic receptors on different non-neuronal cells, which among others also include lymphocytes and thymocytes. However, it has not yet been precisely established what modulatory effect is created by the activation of these receptors on the immune system cells. Material and methods: We have evaluated the effect of different MSG doses on the intensity of apoptosis of rat thymocytes, as well as the expression of their antiapoptotic protein, Bcl-2. Apoptosis was detected using the Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit and cells were analysed using a flow cytometer. Expression of Bcl-2 was determined with flow cytometry using respective monoclonal antibodies. Results: The current study results demonstrate that different MSG doses significantly increase the intensity of thymocyte apoptosis in a culture. Also, the expression of Bcl-2 proteins in the thymocyte culture, after it has been cultivated with different MSG doses, is significantly reduced. Conclusions: The results presented in our study indicate that different MSG doses significantly modulate the intensity of the apoptotic thymocyte process in a culture, and that one of the possible ways through which MSG induces apoptosis is the reduction of Bcl-2 protein expression.
- Published
- 2006
23. Research Paper: Paeonol Protection Against Intrastriatal 6-Hydroxydopamine Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease.
- Author
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Ghalami, Jamileh, Mojarad, Tourandokht Baluchnejad, Mansouri, Monireh, Khamse, Safoura, and Roghani, Mehrdad
- Subjects
- *
PARKINSON'S disease , *GLIAL fibrillary acidic protein , *ANIMAL disease models , *NITRIC-oxide synthases , *TYROSINE hydroxylase - Abstract
Introduction: Parkinson's Disease (PD) presentations comprise frequent movement disorders in the elderly with various symptoms consisting of motor and non-motor complications. Paeonol is a phenolic chemical agent that has shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in different disorders and promising effects on metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR)- and GABAA-mediated neurotransmission. In this research, we tried to show the neuroprotective potential of paeonol in rat PD model induced by intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Methods: Rats with intrastriatal 6-OHDA lesioning received with paeonol at a dosage of 100 mg/kg/d for one week. In the end, some biomarkers of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and astrogliosis in nigral and striatal tissues were evaluated in addition to behavioral and Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemical analysis. Results: The obtained data showed that paeonol alleviates apomorphine-induced rotations and reduces the delay time to initiate and the total time in the narrow beam test. However, its beneficial behavioral effect vanished after intracerebroventricular administration of mGluR III or GABAA receptor antagonists. Moreover, paeonol significantly restored striatal malondialdehyde, tissue levels of reactive oxygen species, the activity of the protective and vital enzymes consisting of superoxide dismutase and catalase, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), DNA fragmentation, phosphor apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, and nigral aquaporin 4 with no significant and proper change of nitrite, interleukin-1ß, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and angiotensin II. Additionally, paeonol prevented injury and reduced tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons in the midbrain nigral tissue. Conclusion: These obtained findings evidently designate neuroprotective property of paeonol in 6-OHDA murine model of PD that is exerted via easing of oxidative stress, apoptosis, astrogliosis, and its advantageous effect is to some extent mediated via mGluR III/GABAA pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Designing of graphene oxide-induced p-NiO/n-MoO 3 heterostructures for improved photocatalytic activity through plasmon-enhanced S-scheme mechanism and its biological and electrochemical performance.
- Author
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Purushotham D, Ramesh AM, Kodandaram A, and Shivanna S
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, HeLa Cells, Dielectric Spectroscopy, Apoptosis, Environmental Pollutants
- Abstract
An environmentally benign, economically advantageous microwave hydrothermal approach is used in synthesis of desirably tailored graphene oxide-induced p-NiO/n-MoO
3 (GNM) heterostructures. Various analytical techniques such XPS, XRD, UPS, EIS, and Mott-Schottky were conducted to comprehend complete morphology and functioning of the novel ternary heterostructure photocatalysts. Also, SEM and HR-TEM images were presented for better interpretation. The strategic plasmonic step scheme (S-scheme) charge migration approach was used to describe the effective charge recombination process. Hydroxyl and oxide active species were corollaries of the reactive radical-scavenging experiments and electron spin resonance. The work function has been confirmed using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), which assessed an electron transfer between NiO and MoO3 , yielding work function values of 6.32 eV and 5.26 eV, respectively. The cell apoptosis of the HeLa cell line approves the material's biocompatibility. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveal electrochemical performance of GNM heterostructures. We anticipate our results would pave the way for current and future applications. In order to ensure eco-restoration such photocatalyst which are eco and cost friendly are synthesized. Assessment of pollutant risks presents the impact of them on human and terrestrial and aquatic animals. Sustainability of material is acknowledge as they use solar light for photocatalysis and dye degradation, and hence can be green material. One such material for the treatment of wastewater, dye-infused waters, and industrial water has been tailored, which is capable of dye degradation, heavy metal, and other pollutant removal. Very importantly, the synthesized material is a biocompatible one., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2023
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25. Friend or foe: role of pathological tau in neuronal death.
- Author
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Wu M, Chen Z, Jiang M, Bao B, Li D, Yin X, Wang X, Liu D, and Zhu LQ
- Subjects
- Humans, Neurons metabolism, Nerve Degeneration metabolism, Nerve Degeneration pathology, Microtubules metabolism, tau Proteins metabolism, Apoptosis, Nervous System Diseases
- Abstract
Neuronal death is one of the most common pathological hallmarks of diverse neurological diseases, which manifest varying degrees of cognitive or motor dysfunction. Neuronal death can be classified into multiple forms with complicated and unique regulatory signaling pathways. Tau is a key microtubule-associated protein that is predominantly expressed in neurons to stabilize microtubules under physiological conditions. In contrast, pathological tau always detaches from microtubules and is implicated in a series of neurological disorders that are characterized by irreversible neuronal death, such as necrosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy-dependent neuronal death and phagocytosis by microglia. However, recent studies have also revealed that pathological tau can facilitate neuron escape from acute apoptosis, delay necroptosis through its action on granulovacuolar degeneration bodies (GVBs), and facilitate iron export from neurons to block ferroptosis. In this review, we briefly describe the current understanding of how pathological tau exerts dual effects on neuronal death by acting as a double-edged sword in different neurological diseases. We propose that elucidating the mechanism by which pathological tau affects neuronal death is critical for exploring novel and precise therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)
- Published
- 2023
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26. Chloroacetonitrile reduces rat prenatal bone length and induces oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage in rat fetal liver.
- Author
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Abd-Allah ER, Fouad NY, Ghareeb AEWE, and Eldebss TMA
- Subjects
- Pregnancy, Rats, Female, Animals, DNA Damage, Liver pathology, Body Weight, Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress
- Abstract
One of the disinfection byproducts of chlorinating drinking water is chloroacetonitrile (CAN). Thirty-six female rats were used and distributed equally into four groups. The low dose treated group received CAN at a dose of 5.5 mg/kg body weight/day (1/40 LD
50 ) orally from the 6th to 12th day of gestation. The high dose treated group received 11 mg/kg body weight/day (1/20 LD50 ) of CAN orally for the same period, the vehicle control group received 1 mL of corn oil, and the water control group received 1 mL of distilled water orally for the same period. High dose exposure to CAN significantly reduced gravid uterine weight, fetal body weights, and length, and caused obvious skeletal deformities, weak mineralization. Fetal tibial growth plates displayed histopathologic changes. Induced oxidative stress and redox imbalance in fetal liver tissues was evidenced by significantly decreased in catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, and elevated malondialdehyde levels. Histopathological, glycogen content changes, and DNA damage were observed in the fetal liver of high dose treated group. Additionally, administration of high dose of CAN induced apoptosis, evidenced by increased caspase-3 concentration in fetal liver. Thus, extensive exposure to CAN induces poor pregnancy outcomes. CAN levels in water should be monitored regularly., (© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)- Published
- 2023
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27. Research Paper: Evaluation of the Anti-apoptotic and Anticytotoxic Effect of Epicatechin Gallate and Edaravone on SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells.
- Author
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Shokrzadeh, Mohammad, Javanmard, Hashem, Zadeh, Golpar Golmohammad, Emran, Hossein Asgarian, Modanlou, Mona, Yaghubi-Beklar, Saeed, and Ataee, Ramin
- Subjects
- *
EPICATECHIN , *COGNITION disorders , *PROPIDIUM iodide , *PARKINSON'S disease , *NEUROBLASTOMA ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
Introduction: Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease affecting older individuals with signs of motor disability and cognitive impairment. Epicatechin (EC) and edaravone have neuroprotective effects most probably due to their antioxidant activity; however, a limited number of studies have considered their role in PD. This research aimed at investigating the neuroprotective effect of EC and edaravone in a neurotoxin-induced model of PD. Methods: An in vitro model of PD was made by subjecting SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to neurotoxin: 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) 100 µM/well. The cytoprotective effect of EC and edaravone in five concentrations on cell viability was tested using the MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assay. The apoptotic assay was done by annexin V and propidium iodide method using flow cytometry. Results: According to the MTT assay analysis, EC and edaravone had protective effects against 6-OH DA-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells that were much more significant for edaravone and also a relative synergistic effect between EC and edaravone was observed. The apoptotic analysis showed that edaravone alone could decrease early and late apoptosis, whereas EC diminished early apoptosis, but enhanced late apoptosis and necrosis. Besides, co-treatment of edaravone and EC had a synergistic effect on decreasing apoptosis and increasing cell viability. Conclusion: The protective effect of edaravone on apoptosis and cytotoxicity was demonstrated clearly and EC had a synergistic effect with edaravone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. A new perspective on the potential application of RIPK1 in the treatment of sepsis.
- Author
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Wang X, Chai Y, Guo Z, Wang Z, Liao H, Wang Z, and Wang Z
- Subjects
- Humans, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Apoptosis, Sepsis therapy
- Abstract
RIPK1 is a global cellular sensor that can determine the survival of cells. Generally, RIPK1 can induce cell apoptosis and necroptosis through TNF, Fas and lipopolysaccharide stimulation, while its scaffold function can sense the fluctuation of cellular energy and promote cell survival. Sepsis is a nonspecific disease that seriously threatens human health. There is some dispute in the literature about the role of RIPK1 in sepsis. In this review, the authors attempt to comprehensively discuss the differential results for RIPK1 in sepsis by summarizing the underlying molecular mechanism and putting forward a tentative idea as to whether RIPK1 can serve as a biomarker for the monitoring of treatment and progression in sepsis.
- Published
- 2023
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29. Analysis of phenolic compounds in Parkinson's disease: a bibliometric assessment of the 100 most cited papers.
- Author
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Messias Perdigão, José, Brito Teixeira, Bruno José, Baia-da-Silva, Daiane Claydes, Cunha Nascimento, Priscila, Rodrigues Lima, Rafael, and Rogez, Herve
- Subjects
DRUG therapy for Parkinson's disease ,BIOLOGICAL models ,DRUG efficacy ,PHENOLS ,POLYPHENOLS ,NERVE tissue proteins ,FLAVONOIDS ,ANTIPARKINSONIAN agents ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,SERIAL publications ,POPULATION geography ,CURCUMIN ,APOPTOSIS ,CITATION analysis ,OXIDATIVE stress ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DATA analysis software ,PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the 100 most cited articles on Parkinson's disease (PD) and phenolic compounds (PCs). Methods: Articles were selected in the Web of Science Core Collection up to June 2022 based on predetermined inclusion criteria, and the following bibliometric parameters were extracted: the number of citations, title, keywords, authors, year, study design, tested PC and therapeutic target. MapChart was used to create worldwide networks, and VOSviewer software was used to create bibliometric networks. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to identify the most researched PCs and therapeutic targets in PD. Results: The most cited article was also the oldest. The most recent article was published in 2020. Asia and China were the continent and the country with the most articles in the list (55 and 29%, respectively). In vitro studies were the most common experimental designs among the 100 most cited articles (46%). The most evaluated PC was epigallocatechin. Oxidative stress was the most studied therapeutic target. Conclusion: Despite the demonstrations in laboratorial studies, the results obtained point to the need for clinical studies to better elucidate this association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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30. A newly isolated strain of Halomonas sp. (HA1) exerts anticancer potential via induction of apoptosis and G 2 /M arrest in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line.
- Author
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El-Garawani IM, El-Sabbagh SM, Abbas NH, Ahmed HS, Eissa OA, Abo-Atya DM, Khalifa SAM, and El-Seedi HR
- Subjects
- Antineoplastic Agents isolation & purification, Cell Division drug effects, Cell Extracts isolation & purification, DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic drug effects, Hep G2 Cells, Humans, Lymphocytes drug effects, Neoplasm Proteins biosynthesis, Neoplasm Proteins genetics, RNA, Messenger biosynthesis, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Neoplasm biosynthesis, RNA, Neoplasm genetics, Ribotyping, Up-Regulation drug effects, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Apoptosis drug effects, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular pathology, Cell Extracts pharmacology, G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints drug effects, Halomonas chemistry, Liver Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
Marine bacterial strains are of great interest for their ability to produce secondary metabolites with anticancer potentials. Isolation, identification, characterization and anticancer activities of isolated bacteria from El-Hamra Lake, Wadi El-Natrun (Egypt) were the objectives of this study. The isolated bacteria were identified as a moderately halophilic alkaliphilic strain. Ethyl acetate extraction was performed and identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis (NMR). Cytotoxicity of the extract was assessed on the HepG2 cell line and normal human peripheral lymphocytes (HPBL) in vitro. Halomonas sp. HA1 extract analyses revealed anticancer potential. Many compounds have been identified including cyclo-(Leu-Leu), cyclo-(Pro-Phe), C17-sphinganine, hexanedioic acid, bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester, surfactin C14 and C15. The extract exhibited an IC
50 of 68 ± 1.8 μg/mL and caused marked morphological changes in treated HepG2 cells. For mechanistic anticancer evaluation, 20 and 40 µg/mL of bacterial extract were examined. The up-regulation of apoptosis-related genes' expression, P53, CASP-3, and BAX/BCL-2 at mRNA and protein levels proved the involvement of P53-dependant mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The anti-proliferative properties were confirmed by significant G2 /M cell cycle arrest and PCNA down-regulation in the treated cells. Low cytotoxicity was observed in HPBL compared to HepG2 cells. In conclusion, results suggest that the apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of Halomonas sp. HA1 extract on HepG2 cells can provide it as a candidate for future pharmaceutical industries.- Published
- 2020
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31. Research Paper: The Impact of Synovial NF-ĸB Activation on Apoptosis Pattern Change During Adjuvant-induced Inflammation
- Author
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Homa Manaheji, Sahar Golabi, and Jalal Zaringhalam
- Subjects
Knee arthritis ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Arthritis ,Inflammation ,Apoptosis ,NF-ĸB ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Edema ,Medicine ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,business.industry ,NF-κB ,medicine.disease ,Synovial membrane ,Pathophysiology ,Complete Freund’s Adjuvant ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Introduction: Apoptosis dysregulation plays a substantial role in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammation and its related symptoms such as edema. Regulation of NF-ĸB activation is involved in apoptosis pattern change. The current study aimed at verifying the effects of local inflammation on edema and changes in apoptotic markers, and investigating the possible role of NF-ĸB in apoptosis pattern change during different stages of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced knee arthritis in rats. Methods: A total of 96 male Wistar rats were divided into different experimental groups. Arthritis was evoked into the right knee articular joint. Changes made in knee edema were assessed by caliper on the days 0, 7, 14, and 21 of the study. Synovial NF-ĸB and levels of apoptotic markers were evaluated during different stages of the study using Western blot technique. Results: CFA injection caused intense edema during the whole study period. Synovial NF-ĸB level increased during the whole study period. The level of apoptotic markers increased during the acute phase of study. But during chronic phase, the apoptosis level decreased. Inh-NF-ĸB administration increased synovial apoptosis during the whole study period. Conclusion: It seems that apoptosis pattern change plays an important role in the progression and modulation of CFA-induced inflammation and its related symptoms. Also, it can be concluded that synovial NF-ĸB had a crucial role in synovial apoptosis change during the study period.
- Published
- 2017
32. How macrophages deal with death.
- Author
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Lemke G
- Subjects
- Animals, Antigens, Surface physiology, Humans, Membrane Proteins physiology, Milk Proteins, Phagocytosis, Phosphatidylserines physiology, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases physiology, c-Mer Tyrosine Kinase physiology, Apoptosis, Macrophages physiology
- Abstract
Tissue macrophages rapidly recognize and engulf apoptotic cells. These events require the display of so-called eat-me signals on the apoptotic cell surface, the most fundamental of which is phosphatidylserine (PtdSer). Externalization of this phospholipid is catalysed by scramblase enzymes, several of which are activated by caspase cleavage. PtdSer is detected both by macrophage receptors that bind to this phospholipid directly and by receptors that bind to a soluble bridging protein that is independently bound to PtdSer. Prominent among the latter receptors are the MER and AXL receptor tyrosine kinases. Eat-me signals also trigger macrophages to engulf virus-infected or metabolically traumatized, but still living, cells, and this 'murder by phagocytosis' may be a common phenomenon. Finally, the localized presentation of PtdSer and other eat-me signals on delimited cell surface domains may enable the phagocytic pruning of these 'locally dead' domains by macrophages, most notably by microglia of the central nervous system.
- Published
- 2019
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33. Paper–based analytical device for detection of extracellular hydrogen peroxide and its application to evaluate drug–induced apoptosis.
- Author
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Wang, Qiuhong, Li, Weibo, Qian, Dongping, Li, Yubin, Bao, Ning, Gu, Haiying, and Yu, Chunmei
- Subjects
- *
HYDROGEN peroxide , *BIOSENSORS , *APOPTOSIS , *SILVER nanoparticles , *INDIUM tin oxide , *ELECTRODES - Abstract
Developing cost-effective and simple analysis tools is of vital importance for practical applications in bioanalysis. Here, a disposable paper-based analytical device based on Au nanoparticles modified indium tin oxide electrode has been designed, which was applied for the reliable and non-enzymatic detection of H 2 O 2 . Due to the excellent electrocatalytic activity of Au nanoparticles, the disposable electrode exhibited favorable performance toward H 2 O 2 reduction in the linear concentration range from 0.1 to 15 μM. The detection limit has been estimated to be 0.08 μM, which was lower than certain enzymes and other metal nanomaterials-based sensors. Because of these analytical advantages, the constructed device was used to study the extracellular H 2 O 2 release from NB4 cells and further applied to evaluate sodium selenite induced apoptosis. The results obtained by electrochemical method are correlated well with the results of MTT assays. The developed paper-based sensor is easy-to-fabricate and portable, providing an effective platform for cellular H 2 O 2 sensing and can be used to study the dynamic biological process involving H 2 O 2 in biological and biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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34. Antioxidant and Anticancer Roles of a Novel Strain of Bacillus anthracis Isolated from Vermicompost Prepared from Paper Mill Sludge.
- Author
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Ganguly, Ram Kumar, Midya, Sujoy, and Chakraborty, Susanta Kumar
- Subjects
- *
ANTIOXIDANT analysis , *ACETIC acid , *ADENOCARCINOMA , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *APOPTOSIS , *BACILLUS (Bacteria) , *BIOCHEMISTRY , *BIOLOGICAL assay , *BREAST tumors , *CELL lines , *CELL surface antigens , *CULTURES (Biology) , *DNA , *HETEROCYCLIC compounds , *IMMUNODIAGNOSIS , *INVERTEBRATES , *PHENOMENOLOGY , *MEDICAL research , *PROTEIN kinases , *SEWAGE , *STAINS & staining (Microscopy) , *SUPEROXIDE dismutase , *TRANSFERASES , *WESTERN immunoblotting , *MANUFACTURING industries , *FREE radical scavengers ,TUMOR prevention - Abstract
Mass production of vermicompost using suitable species of earthworms and selecting target organic waste materials has appeared to be a great development in the realm of biotechnological research for the sustainable eco-management. Although, for the bioconversion of organic wastes to vermicompost, suitable earthworm species play major roles, a hoard of bacterial assemblages by virtue of production of different enzymes facilitate the process of vermicomposting. The present study has documented the roles of vermicompost associated bacteria in combating, preventing, and controlling of cancer so as to open a new vista not only in the field of vermitechnology but also on biomedical research. Earthworms’ associated bacterial metabolic products having their unique physicochemical excellence have gained importance due to their roles as a facilitator of apoptosis (programed cell death in a MCF-7 cell line). The antioxidant and anticancer activities of ethyl acetate extracts’ of vermicompost associated bacterium Bacillus anthracis were undertaken by antioxidant assay which revealed maximum DPPH radical scavenging effect (75.79 ± 5.41%) of the extracts’ at 9 00 μg ml-1. Furthermore, the crude extracts obtained from the same bacteria were found to decrease the activity of SOD (superoxide dismutase) with the increase in doses. MTT assay showed potent cytotoxic activity against human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) with the IC50 value of 46.64 ± 0.79 μg ml-1. It was further confirmed through Hoechst 33258 staining of nuclear fragmentation assay and DNA fragmentation analysis. Western blotting test has confirmed a downregulation of Akt upon application of crude extracts. Increase of SOD activity along with decrease of Akt level reflects that the mode of action is entirely PI-3K dependent. This study tends to indicate that B. anthracis isolated from vermicompost could be potentially explored for the development of new therapeutic agents, especially against cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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35. Research Paper: The Mediating Role of A2A Adenosine Receptors in the Mitochondrial Pathway of Apoptotic Hippocampal Cell Death, Following the Administration of MDMA in Rat.
- Author
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Bakhshayesh, Masoomeh, Golab, Fereshteh, Kermanian, Fatemeh, Mehdizadeh, Mehdi, Katebi, Amir Reza, Soleimani, Mansooreh, Mohammadzadeh, Farzaneh, Shabani, Ronak, Movahed, Elham, and Katebi, Majid
- Subjects
- *
ECSTASY (Drug) , *ADENOSINES , *APOPTOSIS - Abstract
Introduction: The 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is a popular recreational drug and a major source of substance abuse, which ultimately leads to sensations of well-being, elation and euphoria, moderate derealization/depersonalization, and cognitive disruptions, as well as intense sensory awareness. The mechanisms involved in memory impairment induced by MDMA are not completely understood. Methods: The current study used 40 Sprague-Dawley rats, weighted 200 to 250 g. Experiments were performed in four groups, each containing 10 rats. The first group of rats was used as the control, treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The second group was treated with MDMA. The third group was treated with MDMA and CGS (the adenosine A2A receptor agonist, 2-[p-(2-carboxyethyl) phenethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine) (CGS 21680) and the fourth group was treated with MDMA and SCH (the A2A receptor antagonist [7-(2-phenylethyl)-5-amino-2-(2-furyl-) pyrazolo-[4, 3-e]-1, 2, 4 triazolo [1,5-] pyrimidine]) (SCH 58261). The drugs in all groups were administrated intraperitoneally (i.p.) once a day for 7 days. In 5 rats of each group, following perfusion, samples were taken from hippocampi to investigate apoptosis. Accordingly, the samples were stained using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay kit, and studied by light microscopy. In other rats, fresh tissue was also removed to study the expression of bax and bcl-2 by Western blotting technique. Results: It was observed that the coadministration of MDMA with CGS reduced bax expression and prevented apoptosis of hippocampal cells. The coadministration of MDMA and SCH increased bax expression, and also increased the frequency of hippocampal cell apoptosis. Conclusion: The results of the current study showed that administration of CGS with MDMA decreased the common side effects associated with MDMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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- View/download PDF
36. Original papers A study on efficacy of 308 nm excimer light therapy in alopecia areata
- Author
-
Asit Mittal and Zo Nun Sanga
- Subjects
Light therapy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,lcsh:R ,apoptosis ,lcsh:Medicine ,Dermatology ,Cis-Urocanic Acid ,Alopecia areata ,lcsh:RL1-803 ,medicine.disease ,Excimer ,cis-urocanic acid ,lcsh:Dermatology ,Medicine ,alopecia areata ,business ,skin and connective tissue diseases - Abstract
Introduction. Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune condition characterized by T-cell-mediated attack on hair follicles. Objective. Evaluation of efficacy of 308 nm excimer light in the treatment of alopecia areata. Material and methods. Patches of AA were treated twice weekly, but not on 2 consecutive days, with UVB excimer 308 nm light. In all patients, half of the AA patch was irradiated and the other half was spared, covered with a black rubber shield and taken as a control. Therapy was started with an initial dose of 300 mJ/cm 2 , with an incremental dose of 100 mJ/cm 2 at every sitting until fine erythema appeared. Results. At the end of the treatment, one patient (3.33%) at the test site showed > 50% hair regrowth vs. none at the control site. After a 2-month post-treatment period, successful hair regrowth (grades 3 and 4) was seen in 12 patients at test sites and in 2 patients at control sites. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). After 4 months successful hair regrowth (grades 3 and 4) was seen in 16 patients at test sites and in 5 patients at control sites. The differences were statistically significant (p 0.05). Conclusions. Excimer light has the potential to stimulate hair regrowth in patches of alopecia areata.
- Published
- 2015
37. Epitranscriptomics Changes the Play: m 6 A RNA Modifications in Apoptosis.
- Author
-
Akçaöz A and Akgül B
- Subjects
- RNA, Messenger genetics, Methylation, RNA metabolism, RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional, Proteins metabolism, Apoptosis
- Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is essential for cellular and organismal homeostasis. Any irregularities that disturb the balance between apoptosis and cell survival have severe implications, such as improper development or life-threatening diseases. Thus, it is highly critical to maintain a proper rate of apoptosis throughout development. In fact, several complex transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms exist in eukaryotes to critically regulate the rate of apoptotic processes. Recent studies suggest that not only RNA sequences but also their modifications, such as m
6 A methylation, play a fundamental role in these transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes. A specific set of proteins, called writer, eraser, and reader of m6 A marks, modulate the rate of apoptosis by determining the m6 A repertoire and the fate of certain transcripts associated with apoptosis. In this Review, we will cover the dynamic m6 A RNA modifications and their impact on modulation of apoptosis., (© 2022. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
38. Oxidative stress, apoptosis and histopathological alterations in brain stem and diencephalon induced by subacute exposure to fipronil in albino rats.
- Author
-
Awad MA, Ahmed ZSO, AbuBakr HO, Elbargeesy GAEH, and Moussa MHG
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain Stem drug effects, Diencephalon drug effects, Insecticides toxicity, Male, Rats, Apoptosis drug effects, Brain Stem pathology, Diencephalon pathology, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Pyrazoles toxicity
- Abstract
Fipronil (FIP) is a highly effective insecticide that has been used in agriculture and veterinary medicine. Its neurotoxic effect to insects and to non-target organisms, after nonintentional exposure, was reported. Many studies were conducted to evaluate FIP effects on mammals. However, slight is known about its effect on the brain stem and diencephalon. The current study was designed to investigate the ability of FIP to induce oxidative stress as a molecular mechanism of FIP neurotoxicity that resulted in apoptosis and neural tissue reactivity in these regions. Ten adult male rats received 10 mg/kg of FIP technical grade by oral gavage, daily for 45 days. Brain stem and diencephalon were processed to examine oxidative stress-induced macromolecular alteration (MDA, PCC and DNA fragmentation). Also, the histopathological assessment and immunoreactivity for caspase-3 (active form), iNOS and GFAP were performed on the thalamus, hypothalamus and medulla oblongata. Our results revealed that FIP significantly raised MDA, PCC and DNA fragmentation (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, significantly increased immunoreactivity to GFAP, iNOS and caspase-3 (active form) in the FIP-treated group was noticed (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, alterations in the histoarchitecture of the neural tissue of these regions were observed. We conclude that FIP can induce oxidative stress, leading to apoptosis and tissue reaction in brain stem and diencephalon., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
39. Characterization of cell cycle and apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary cell culture using flow cytometry for bioprocess monitoring.
- Author
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Ji X, Lee YJ, Eyster T, Parrillo A, Galosy S, Ao Z, Patel P, and Zhu Y
- Subjects
- Animals, Batch Cell Culture Techniques, Bioreactors, CHO Cells, Cell Cycle, Cricetinae, Cricetulus, Flow Cytometry, Apoptosis, Cell Culture Techniques
- Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are by far the most important mammalian cell lines used for producing antibodies and other therapeutic proteins. It is critical to fully understand their physiological conditions during a bioprocess in order to achieve the highest productivity and the desired product quality. Flow cytometry technology possesses unique advantages for measuring multiple cellular attributes for a given cell and examining changes in cell culture heterogeneity over time that can be used as metrics for enhanced process understanding and control strategy. Flow cytometry-based assays were utilized to examine the progression of cell cycle and apoptosis in three case studies using different antibody-producing CHO cell lines in both fed-batch and perfusion bioprocesses. In our case studies, we found that G0/G1 phase distribution and early apoptosis accumulation responded to subtle changes in culture conditions, such as pH shifting or momentary glucose depletion. In a perfusion process, flow cytometry provided an insightful understanding of the cell physiological status under a hypothermic condition. More importantly, these changes in cell cycle and apoptosis were not detected by a routine trypan blue exclusion-based cell counting and viability measurement. In summary, integration of flow cytometry into bioprocesses as a process analytical technology tool can be beneficial for establishing optimum process conditions and process control., (© 2021 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory and Antiapoptotic Effects of Bone Marrow and Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Acute Alkaline Corneal Burn.
- Author
-
Dinç, Erdem, Dursun, Özer, Yilmaz, Gülsen, Kurt, A. Hakan, Ayaz, Lokman, Vatansever, Mustafa, Özer, Ömer, and Yilmaz, Şakir Necat
- Subjects
MESENCHYMAL stem cells ,BONE marrow ,TUMOR necrosis factors ,BONE marrow examination ,INTERLEUKIN-1 ,CHEMICAL burns ,ADIPOSE tissue physiology ,FILTER paper ,CORNEA injuries ,RESEARCH ,ANTI-inflammatory agents ,ANIMAL experimentation ,HYDROXIDES ,RESEARCH methodology ,APOPTOSIS ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,RATS ,COMPARATIVE studies ,CORNEA - Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the present study is to comparatively evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects of bone marrow and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) applied subconjunctivally after alkaline corneal burn. Methods: Thirty-two rats were divided into 4 groups and included in the study (n = 8). While no intervention was made in the control group, a chemical burn was created by applying 4 μL of NaOH soaked in 6 mm filter paper to the right eye of each subject in the other groups under general anesthesia. While only subconjunctival 0.1 mL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was injected to in the group 1, 2 × 106 adipose or bone marrow-derived MSC in 0.1 mL PBS was applied subconjunctivally to the subjects in the remaining groups (Group 2 and 3, respectively). Tissue samples were collected for histological analysis on the third day after the burn. Tissue samples were evaluated light microscopically and immunohistochemically stained for interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), caspase-3 (Cas-3), and CD68. Results: The IL-1β and TNF-α staining scores and the number of CD68- and Cas-3-positive stained cells were significantly lower in the groups given bone marrow and adipose-derived MSC compared to the alkaline burn group (P < 0.0001, for all parameters). Epithelial IL-1β and TNF-α staining scores were significantly lower in the bone marrow-derived MSC group compared to the adipose-derived MSC group (P < 0.0001, for all parameters). Conclusions: The presented study shows that both bone-marrow and adipose-derived MSCs support wound healing in the corneal tissue and strongly suppress the inflammation occured in the tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Synthesis, crystal structure, cytotoxicity and action mechanism of a Rh(iii) complex with 8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline as a ligand† †The authors declare no competing interests. ‡ ‡Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental section. CCDC No. 1498776 for complex 1 contains the supplementary crystallographic data for this paper. For ESI and crystallographic data in CIF or other electronic format see DOI: 10.1039/c6md00462h
- Author
-
Hong Liang, Qi-Pin Qin, Hong-Hua Han, Yan-Cheng Liu, Zhu-Ling Liu, Zhen-Feng Chen, Qian-Qian Cao, and Yun-Liang Zhang
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reactive oxygen species ,010405 organic chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Cyclin A ,Cyclin B ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Biology ,010402 general chemistry ,Ligand (biochemistry) ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Chemistry ,chemistry ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Apoptosis ,Drug Discovery ,biology.protein ,Biophysics ,Molecular Medicine ,Cytotoxicity ,Intracellular - Abstract
A rhodium(III) complex, [Rh(MQ)(DMSO)2Cl2] (1), with 8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline as the ligand was synthesized and characterized. Complex 1 exhibited cytotoxicity against BEL-7404, Hep-G2, NCI-H460, T-24, and A549 cell lines with IC50 values in the micromolar range (6.52–17.86 μM). Various experiments on the Hep-G2 cells showed that complex 1 caused cell cycle arrest at the S phase, downregulation of cdc25 A, cyclin A, cyclin B and CDK2, and upregulation of p21, p27 and p53. Furthermore, cytotoxicity mechanism studies suggested that complex 1-induced apoptosis was achieved via disruption of the mitochondrial function, which led to a significant loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, an increase in the cellular levels of reactive oxygen species, cytochrome c, and apaf-1, and a fluctuation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Taken altogether, complex 1 can trigger cancer cell death by inducing apoptosis through a mitochondrial dysfunction pathway.
- Published
- 2016
42. Research Paper: The Impact of Synovial NF-ĸB Activation on Apoptosis Pattern Change During Adjuvant-induced Inflammation.
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Golabi, Sahar, Zaringhalam, Jalal, and Manaheji, Homa
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- *
SYNOVIAL fluid , *APOPTOSIS , *IMMUNOLOGICAL adjuvants - Abstract
Introduction: Apoptosis dysregulation plays a substantial role in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammation and its related symptoms such as edema. Regulation of NF-ĸB activation is involved in apoptosis pattern change. The current study aimed at verifying the effects of local inflammation on edema and changes in apoptotic markers, and investigating the possible role of NF-ĸB in apoptosis pattern change during different stages of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced knee arthritis in rats. Methods: A total of 96 male Wistar rats were divided into different experimental groups. Arthritis was evoked into the right knee articular joint. Changes made in knee edema were assessed by caliper on the days 0, 7, 14, and 21 of the study. Synovial NF-ĸB and levels of apoptotic markers were evaluated during different stages of the study using Western blot technique. Results: CFA injection caused intense edema during the whole study period. Synovial NF-ĸB level increased during the whole study period. The level of apoptotic markers increased during the acute phase of study. But during chronic phase, the apoptosis level decreased. Inh-NF-ĸB administration increased synovial apoptosis during the whole study period. Conclusion: It seems that apoptosis pattern change plays an important role in the progression and modulation of CFA-induced inflammation and its related symptoms. Also, it can be concluded that synovial NF-ĸB had a crucial role in synovial apoptosis change during the study period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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43. In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Novel Co(II) and Ni(II) Complexes of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Niflumic Acid Against Human Breast Adenocarcinoma MCF-7 Cells.
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Caglar S, Altay A, Kuzucu M, and Caglar B
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- Humans, MCF-7 Cells, Mice, Animals, Female, Coordination Complexes pharmacology, Coordination Complexes chemistry, Coordination Complexes chemical synthesis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt metabolism, Adenocarcinoma drug therapy, Adenocarcinoma metabolism, Adenocarcinoma pathology, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases metabolism, HT29 Cells, Signal Transduction drug effects, Mitochondria drug effects, Mitochondria metabolism, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents chemical synthesis, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal pharmacology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal chemistry, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal chemical synthesis, Apoptosis drug effects, Nickel chemistry, Nickel pharmacology, Niflumic Acid pharmacology, Niflumic Acid chemistry, Breast Neoplasms drug therapy, Breast Neoplasms metabolism, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial drug effects
- Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity of six novel complexes of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug niflumic acid with Co(II) and Ni(II). In vitro cytotoxicity screening in MCF-7, HepG2 and HT-29 cancer cell lines showed that the complex 3 [Co(nif)
2 (met)(4-pic)] and complex 6 [Ni(nif)2 (met)(4-pic)] among all the complexes exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 11.14 µM and, 41.47 µM, respectively. Besides, all the complexes exhibited significantly higher selectivity towards mouse fibroblast 3T3L1 cells. Further mechanistic studies with both complexes on MCF-7 cells revealed their cytotoxic action through the mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway causing an increase oxidative/nitrosative stress, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), inducing the multicaspase activation and arresting the cell cycle at S phase. q-PCR analysis resulted in an increase in the expression of the apoptotic marker proteins bax, p53 and caspase-3 and -8 in MCF-7 cells, but a decrease in the expression of antiapoptotic bcl-2 gene. Moreover, both complexes induced the apoptosis through the inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by decreasing the expression of PI3K and increasing dephosphorylation form of Akt protein. These results provide a significant contribution to the explanation of the anticancer mechanisms of these complexes in MCF-7 cells., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2021
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44. LncRNA TUG1 aggravates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Fu D, Gao T, Liu M, Li C, Li H, Jiang H, and Fu X
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- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Myocardial Infarction blood, Myocardial Infarction genetics, RNA, Long Noncoding genetics, Apoptosis physiology, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury metabolism, Myocytes, Cardiac metabolism, RNA, Long Noncoding metabolism
- Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is a fundamental pathogenic factor leading to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. The long non-coding RNA (IncRNA) TUG1 regulates apoptosis in various cell types. We report here that TUG1 expression is induced in mouse heart following MI/R injury as well as in cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) in vitro. Clinically, TUG1 expression is also elevated in plasma from patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which implies its potential application as a disease biomarker. Functionally, TUG1 overexpression promotes, and its knockdown reduces SI/R-induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and caspase-3 activity in cardiomyocytes in vitro, illustrating that TUG1 exacerbates SI/R-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo, TUG1 aggravates MI/R injury in a mouse model, and subsequent observations show concurrent increased apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Hence, this study unveils a clinical relevance and functional role of TUG1 in MI/R injury, and also implicates that targeting TUG1 may have therapeutic effects in treating MI/R injury.
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- 2021
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45. FUNDC1 Regulates Autophagy by Inhibiting ROS-NLRP3 Signaling to Avoid Apoptosis in the Lung in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mouse Model.
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Pan P, Chen J, Liu X, Fan J, Zhang D, Zhao W, Xie L, and Su L
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- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Lipopolysaccharides, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Random Allocation, Apoptosis, Autophagy physiology, Lung Injury etiology, Membrane Proteins physiology, Mitochondrial Proteins physiology, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein physiology, Reactive Oxygen Species
- Abstract
Abstract: The incidence and mortality of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are high, but the relevant mechanism for this disorder remains unclear. Autophagy plays an important role in the development of ARDS. The mitochondrial outer membrane protein FUNDC1 is involved in hypoxia-mediated mitochondrial autophagy, which may contribute to ARDS development. This study explored whether FUNDC1 regulates autophagy by inhibiting ROS-NLRP3 signaling to avoid apoptosis in the lung in a lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse model. In this study, FUNDC1 knockout mice were constructed, and a lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse model was generated. HE staining of pathological sections from the lung, wet/dry lung measurements, myeloperoxidase concentration/neutrophil counts in BALF and survival time of mice were examined to determine the effect of modeling. The release of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) in response to LPS in the BALF and plasma was assessed using ELISA. The effects of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) in lung tissue in response to LPS were detected by biochemical analysis. Oxidative stress damage was validated by iNOS staining, and apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining after LPS. Finally, the expression of autophagy-associated proteins and inflammasome-associated proteins in lung tissue after LPS intervention was analyzed by western blot. We found that wild-type control, FUNDC1 knockout control, lipopolysaccharide-induced wild-type, and FUNDC1 knockout mouse models were used to investigate whether FUNDC1-mediated autophagy is involved in lung injury and its possible molecular mechanisms. Compared with the normal control group, lung tissue FUNDC1 and LC3 II increased and p62/SQSTM1 decreased after LPS intervention, and increased ROS levels led to a decrease in corresponding antioxidant enzymes along with an increased inflammatory response and apoptosis. Levels of autophagy in lipopolysaccharide-induced mice deficient in FUNDC1 were significantly decreased, but the expression of ROS and inflammatory factors in lung tissue was more severe than in lipopolysaccharide-induced wild-type mice, and the survival rate was significantly decreased. Western blot analysis showed that autophagy was significantly inhibited in the FUNDC1 KO+LPS group, and there was a significant increase in NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and ASC compared with the lipopolysaccharide-induced wild-type group. In summary, lipopolysaccharide-induced wild-type mice exhibit ROS-dependent activation of autophagy, and knocking out FUNDC1 promotes inflammasome activation and exacerbates lung injury., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 by the Shock Society.)
- Published
- 2021
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46. Oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis is involved in bisphenol S-induced reproductive toxicity in male C57BL/6 mice.
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Dai W, He QZ, Zhu BQ, and Zeng HC
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- Animals, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Apoptosis, Endocrine Disruptors toxicity, Oxidative Stress, Phenols toxicity, Sulfones toxicity
- Abstract
The reproductive toxicity of bisphenol S (BPS) in male mammals and its possible mechanism are not clear. We investigated the effects and possible mechanism of action of BPS on adult male C57BL/6 mice. We found that exposure to 200-mg/kg BPS resulted in a significant decrease in the sperm count in the caput/corpus and cauda epididymis, significantly decreased sperm motility, and significantly increased the sperm deformity. Histological evaluation revealed that BPS exposure caused a decrease of spermatozoa in the lumen of seminiferous tubules and a reduction in the proportion of Stage VII or VIII seminiferous tubules in the BPS-treated groups. Furthermore, ultrastructure analysis revealed BPS-induced mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in spermatogenic cells. Moreover, BPS exposure-induced oxidative stress in testicular tissues. Further, dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay showed that BPS induced the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in a dose-dependent manner. BPS also significantly upregulated cleaved caspase-8, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, Fas, and FasL and significantly downregulated the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. These results suggest that BPS-induced oxidative stress in the testis and spermatogenic cell apoptosis potentially impairs spermatogenesis and sperm function, which may be the mechanism of the reproductive toxicity of BPS. The Fas/FasL and mitochondrial signal pathways may be involved in BPS-induced oxidative stress-related apoptosis. These results suggest that BPS-induced oxidative stress in the testis and spermatogenic cell apoptosis potentially impairs spermatogenesis and sperm function, which may be the mechanism of the reproductive toxicity of BPS. The Fas/FasL and mitochondrial signal pathways may be involved in BPS-induced oxidative stress-related apoptosis., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
- Published
- 2021
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47. Isoflurane Alleviates Myocardial Injury Induced by Hypoxia/Reoxygenation by Regulating miR-18a-5p.
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Su Y, Chen G, Zhang F, Wang L, Feng Z, and Gao X
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Hypoxia, Cell Line, Cyclin D2 genetics, Cyclin D2 metabolism, Down-Regulation, MicroRNAs genetics, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury genetics, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury metabolism, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury pathology, Myocytes, Cardiac metabolism, Myocytes, Cardiac pathology, Rats, Apoptosis drug effects, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Isoflurane pharmacology, MicroRNAs metabolism, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury prevention & control, Myocytes, Cardiac drug effects
- Abstract
The protective effect and mechanism of isoflurane on myocardial injury was investigated by constructing in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) cell model. HR cell models were established in vitro and treated with isoflurane (ISO). qRT-PCR was used to detect the relative expression of miR-18a-5p. CCK-8 kit and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate cell proliferation and apoptosis. The myocardial injury related markers, such as Cκ-MB, cTnI and LDH were detected by ELISA. Luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the interaction between miR-18a-5p and target genes. The expression of miR-18a-5p was significantly increased in hypoxic cardiomyocytes compared with control group (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, cardiomyocytes in the HR group showed inhibition of proliferation, a significant increase in cell apoptosis and in myocardial injury indicators, such as Cκ-MB, cTnI and LDH (P < 0.001). However, 1% ISO treatment alleviated myocardial cell injury induced by HR. Transfection of miR-18a-5p under ISO reduced the protective effect of 1% ISO against myocardial cell damage. Luciferase report gene assay confirmed that CCND2 might be the target gene of miR-18a-5p. In the in vitro cell model of myocardium, ISO alleviated cardiomyocyte injury caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation by down-regulating the expression of miR-18a-5p., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2021
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48. Appendix 1 Recent Mitochondrial Reviews and/or Papers Published in FRBM.
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- *
APOPTOSIS , *MITOCHONDRIAL DNA , *T cells - Published
- 2016
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49. AHA Position Paper on Mitochondrial Function, Biology and Role in Disease
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Murphy, Elizabeth, Ardehali, Hossein, Balaban, Robert S., DiLisa, Fabio, Dorn, Gerald W., Kitsis, Richard N., Otsu, Kinya, Ping, Peipei, Rizzuto, Rosario, Sack, Michael N., Wallace, Douglas, and Youle, Richard J
- Subjects
Oxidative Stress ,Heart Diseases ,Animals ,Apoptosis ,American Heart Association ,Energy Metabolism ,Article ,Mitochondria, Heart ,United States - Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and elsewhere. Alterations in mitochondrial function are increasingly being recognized as a contributing factor in myocardial infarction and in patients presenting with cardiomyopathy. Recent understanding of the complex interaction of the mitochondria in regulating metabolism and cell death can provide novel insight and therapeutic targets. The purpose of this statement is to better define the potential role of mitochondria in the genesis of cardiovascular disease such as ischemia and heart failure. To accomplish this we will define the key mitochondrial processes that play a role in cardiovascular disease, which are potential targets for novel therapeutic interventions. This is an exciting time in mitochondrial research. The past decade has provided novel insight into the role of mitochondria function and their importance in complex diseases. This Statement will define the key roles that mitochondria play in cardiovascular physiology and disease, and provide insight into how mitochondrial defects can contribute to cardiovascular disease and it will also discuss potential biomarkers of mitochondrial disease and suggest potential novel therapeutic approaches.
- Published
- 2016
50. Integrin α2β1 inhibition attenuates prostate cancer cell proliferation by cell cycle arrest, promoting apoptosis and reducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
- Author
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Salemi Z, Azizi R, Fallahian F, and Aghaei M
- Subjects
- Antigens, CD biosynthesis, Cadherins biosynthesis, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Movement physiology, Cell Proliferation, Humans, Integrin alpha2beta1 metabolism, MAP Kinase Kinase 7 metabolism, Male, Neoplasm Invasiveness pathology, Neoplasm Metastasis pathology, Phosphorylation, Prostate pathology, Vimentin biosynthesis, Apoptosis physiology, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition physiology, G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints drug effects, Integrin alpha2beta1 antagonists & inhibitors, Prostatic Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
Integrin α2β1 plays an important role in cellular migration and metastasis processes associated with prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to assess whether selective inhibition of integrin α2β1 is an effective strategy to target metastatic prostate cancer cells. In this regard, we examined the effects of the inhibitor BTT-3033, which selectively interferes with the connection between integrin a2b1 and its ligand, on migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and specific intracellular signaling pathways using LNcap-FGC and DU-145 prostate cancer cell lines. Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry assays showed that inhibition of integrin a2b1 inhibits EMT, through the increased expression of E-cadherin and decreased expression of N-cadherin and vimentin. Scratch wound healing assays revealed a direct effect on integrin α2β1 in the migration capacity of cells. In addition, treatment with BTT-3033 induced a reduction in cell viability and proliferation, as assessed by MTT and BrdU assays. In addition, the results show that BTT-3033 inhibits cell proliferation by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, inhibition of integrin α2β1 induces apoptosis through the activation of ROS, Bax protein upregulation, caspase-3 activation, and depletion of ΔΨm. Molecular signaling studies showed that integrin α2β1 was a positive regulator of MKK7 phosphorylation. In conclusion, our results reveal a critical role for integrin a2b1 in the proliferation of prostate cancer cells, as demonstrated by EMT inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis induction in response to treatment with its specific inhibitor BT-3033., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2021
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