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This paper calls for greater ethical standards in the peer review process. Critical analysis through the lens of the COPE Ethical Guidelines for Peer Reviewers is performed on two reviews received on different versions of a paper from two different journals. Both are relentlessly negative. Neither is executed ethically. No justifiable significant criticism is evident. Both appear influenced by confirmation bias. One is characterized by apparent misreading of both the paper and the reviewer's sources, plus failure to check criticism was valid. The rhetorical style of the other diminishes clarity, introduces ambiguity, and bewilders. It conveys overwhelming negativity with no supporting substance. This paper is the first to contribute to this theme in both the accounting and the accounting history literature. It is hoped it will encourage reviewers to be ethical, that it results in unethical reviews being more readily detected, and authors being better equipped to address reviewer comments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Profile: Issues in Teachers' Professional Development is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In their recent paper, Parnia and colleagues propose a new label for the near‐death experience (NDE): recalled experience of death. They claimed NDEs are "authentic" only when an objective danger is present and that authentic NDEs have a proven core phenomenology. We consider that these claims are insufficiently supported by empirical data. NDEs appear as a continuum of heterogeneous experiences of consciousness precipitated by the disjunction of processes usually combined in normal mental activity. The "core phenomenology" of NDEs is also opened to several criticisms. Closeness to "real" death does not appear to be a decisive criterion for characterizing NDEs. The author's adhesion to Raymond Moody's NDE model produces a biased partition of this field of research that is unable to provide the basis for a consensus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of respondent quotes to headline qualitative research papers is a popular literary device found in many academic journals. This practice has increased over the last four decades and now appears normalised within qualitative research writing. This article provides a critical analysis of this trend in academic writing and concomitant publishing. Content and framework analyses of 40 papers employing this literary device to summarise the respective studies identified (i) a lack of methodological rigor, (ii) incomplete analysis, (iii) an overall mis-representation of the wider qualitative dataset, and (iv) possible investigator bias associated with using respondent quotes as titles of qualitative research papers. This article questions the credibility of purposely selecting a single experience that reduces the wider collective experience into one deterministic statement. This article contends that such practice is antithetical to the principles of qualitative research. Recommendations are provided to better monitor this practice throughout the academy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay, I undertake a critical analysis of the UN‐Habitat publication, The Quito Papers. I begin by unpacking the representation within The Quito Papers of the Charter of Athens of 1941 as an outcome of CIAM IV in 1933. Here, the ways in which the authors centralize the Charter of Athens within their critique of contemporary urbanization is critically analysed. Ultimately, I argue that what emerges is a simplification of the complex intertwining of urbanization and urbanist ideals. Based on this, I situate what is presented in The Quito Papers as alternative imaginaries—centred largely on European ideals of urbanism—within the context of urban change since the 1970s. This includes a discussion of the manner in which these ideals are promoted within urbanist discourse, including the role of the authors themselves in their engagement with UN‐Habitat. Finally, I situate some of the arguments contained in The Quito Papers within current debates in urban theory. I contend that the relationship between processes of urbanization and the ideals of modernist urbanism are more genealogical than direct. Furthermore, I argue that it is through this relationship that broader power dynamics and their resultant inequalities can be further examined and challenged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Production Engineering / Revista Brasileira de Engenharia de Produção is the property of Brazilian Journal of Production Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Paper aims: The purpose of the paper is to offer guidance regarding how to write a Literature Review for empirical papers, that provides adequate background and convincing support. The literature review plays the fundamental role of unveiling the theory, or theories, that underpin the paper argument, sets its limits, and defines and clarifies the main concepts that will be used in the empirical sections of the text. Originality: Most papers and books focus on literature review as full articles (systematic reviews, meta analyses and critical analyses) or dissertation, chapters, this paper is focused on literature review for an empirical article. Research method: It is a theoretical essay. Main findings: The paper summarizes the main steps for performing a literature review and guides how to organize the analyzed literature. Implications for theory and practice: Well-crafted literature reviews are the cornerstone of good papers, and this paper offers some guidance on how to write good reviews for empirical papers, and, as a consequence, to produce better quality texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The South African government's response to the universal crisis of global warming has resulted in the creation of the National Climate Change Response White Paper, a proposed country-wide course of action that would aid in the stabilization of greenhouse gas emissions and intervene in current harmful environmental practices. The role of communication and the media is crucial to the success of any policy implementation as well as of the establishment of an 'action-inspired' mind-set amongst citizens that will bolster lifestyle change to support the cause. This paper will assess the National Climate Change Response White Paper in conjunction with climate change coverage from the South African daily online news source, News 24. Additionally, films released from the Bjerkness Centre for Climate Research and discussion surrounding youth's use of relatable mediums to invoke lifestyle change from Lindie Buirski, Head of Environmental Capacity Building, Training and Education in the City of Cape Town's Environmental Resource Management (ERM) Department, will aid in analysis. Moreover, they will serve to bolster the argument of communications' critical role in realizing any goals set forth by the government. The paper will close by offering proposed climate-change directed development projects for the South African context and will refer to current international successful examples of media use to carry the message of climate change, while inviting audience input, participation, and most importantly, action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citations are valuable capital in the academy as the number of citations is the most frequently used indicator in evaluating the quality of papers, journals, researchers, and universities. Thus, the characteristics of highly cited articles (HCA) have become a common research topic but the approach has been mainly descriptive with no profound critical reflection of what kind of research is cited, where the research is from, where the research is published, and what do these things mean for edtech research. This paper contributes to this need by providing a descriptive and critical analysis of 200 highly cited articles from 10 edtech journals. To summarize the key findings, a 'typical' edtech HCA is a Western-based review article or quantitative research paper reporting positive findings from higher education, published in a high-impact factor general edtech journal by a major publisher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Aflatoxins represent highly toxic secondary metabolites of fungi. • Sample preparation relies on liquid–liquid or solid-phase extraction. • Chromatographic methods ensure advanced purification of analytes. • Optical methods, mass spectrometry and electrochemical techniques are used for detection. • Sensitivity, selectivity, time, procedure complexity, influence the choice of the method. Aflatoxins represent secondary metabolites of fungi, being characterized by a high degree of toxicity. They are classed as poisonous mycotoxins, hence the interest in the control of their level. 20 fungal metabolites compose the class of aflatoxins, that structurally derive from difuranocoumarin. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus are the main species producing fungal metabolites in cereals, peanuts and animal feeds. Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, M1 and M2 are the most often encountered. Sample preparation techniques are crucial steps in aflatoxin analysis: they rely on liquid–liquid extraction or solid-phase extraction. Chromatographic methods ensure separation, advanced purification of analytes, which are subsequently quantified through detection techniques. The latter encompass optical methods, mass spectrometry and electroassay. Many analytical methods like ELISA, fluorescence polarization immunoassay, lateral flow immunoassay or PCR impart selectivity by using biorecognition elements: enzymes, antibodies or a DNA sequence. Given the high toxicity and presence of aflatoxins in food and agricultural products, their determination is an essential element in food safety. The analysis method is chosen according to the nature of the sample (type of matrix), the available equipment, the concentration range in which the toxin's level is placed, sensitivity and detection limit, precision, selectivity, required analysis time, personnel training. The present paper provides a comprehensive view, and critically compares the performances of aflatoxin analysis methods, encompassing extraction, separation and detection techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes results of a scientometric study of "Robotics" research publications during the period of 10 years i.e. (2009-2018). The raw data was collected from leading citation database i.e. Scopus. The study examines and analysis various scientometrics parameter and after the analysis it has been found that the out of total 4325 research paper, the highest documents were published in 2018 i.e. 791 (18.29%) while the minimum 134 (3.1%) of research papers were found in the year 2009 and the annual growth rate of publications was in fluctuating trends. The maximum (1.23) relative growth rate was found in 2010; the highest doubling time (3.43) was recorded in 2018; the maximum papers were written by more than three authors i.e. 1657 research papers. The average degree of author's collaborations was (0.93). Krishna, K.M. was the most productive author with (51) research papers contribution. Out of a total 16670 citations, 2718 citations were recorded in 2010 and a total 4325 publications, 2704 (62.52%) of records were conference paper. The highest publications came from computer science subject and the highest publications were published in ACM international conference proceeding series while the maximum 2508 'Robotics keyword was used by the authors during the period of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In the last decade, cloud manufacturing (CMfg) has attracted considerable attention from academia and industry worldwide. It is widely accepted that the design and analysis of cloud manufacturing architecture (CMfg-A) are the basis for developing and applying CMfg systems. However, in existing studies, analysis of the status, development process and internal characteristics of CMfg-A is lacking, hindering an understanding of the research hotspots and development trends of CMfg-A. Meanwhile, effective guidance is lacking on the construction of superior CMfg-As. The purpose of this paper is to review the relevant research on CMfg-A via identification of the main layers, elements, relationships, structure and functions of CMfg-A to provide valuable information to scholars and practitioners for further research on key CMfg-A technologies and the construction of CMfg systems with superior performance. Design/methodology/approach: This study systematically reviews the relevant research on CMfg-A across transformation process to internal characteristics by integrating quantitative and qualitative methods. First, the split and reorganization method is used to recognize the main layers of CMfg-A. Then, the transformation process of six main layers is analysed through retrospective analysis, and the similarities and differences in CMfg-A are obtained. Subsequently, based on systematic theory, the elements, relationships, structure and functions of CMfg-A are inductively studied. A 3D printing architecture design case is conducted to discuss the weakness of the previous architecture and demonstrate how to improve it. Finally, the primary current trends and future opportunities are presented. Findings: By analyzing the transformation process of CMfg-A, this study finds that CMfg-A resources are developing from tangible resources into intangible resources and intelligent resources. CMfg-A technology is developing from traditional cloud computing-based technology towards advanced manufacturing technology, and CMfg-A application scope is gradually expanding from traditional manufacturing industry to emerging manufacturing industry. In addition, by analyzing the elements, relationships, structure and functions of CMfg-A, this study finds that CMfg-A is undergoing a new generation of transformation, with trends of integrated development, intelligent development, innovative development and green development. Case study shows that the analysis of the development trend and internal characteristics of the architecture facilitates the design of a more effective architecture. Research limitations/implications: This paper predominantly focuses on journal articles and some key conference papers published in English and Chinese. The reason for considering Chinese articles is that CMfg was proposed by the Chinese and a lot of Chinese CMfg-A articles have been published in recent years. CMfg is suitable for the development of China's manufacturing industry because of China's intelligent manufacturing environment. It is believed that this research has reached a reliable comprehensiveness that can help scholars and practitioners establish new research directions and evaluate their work in CMfg-A. Originality/value: Prior studies ignore the identification and analysis of development process and internal characteristics for the current development of CMfg-A, including the main layers identification of different CMfg-As and the transformation process analysis of these main layers, and in-depth analysis of the inner essence of CMfg-A (such as its elements, relationships, structure and functions). This study addresses these limitations and provides a comprehensive literature review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a rise in scepticism regarding the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in qualitative research tasks such as critical reviews, conceptualization, thematic and content analysis, and potentially theory development. Concerns have been raised over the possibility that researchers intentionally avoid discussing or even mentioning the use of AI in their studies for a variety of reasons, including the "fear" of criticism and rejection of their papers. The purpose of this paper, which is guided by critical perspective principles, is to examine the controversy surrounding the appropriate recognition of AI in theoretical discussions and qualitative research, including conceptual, critical reviews, empirical, and other types of studies of qualitative nature. Prior to a discussion of how to acknowledge the use of AI, the significance of notions of acknowledgment and academic integrity in the context of research are discussed. As the author of this paper, I acknowledge and document the use of both AI and the researcher's cognitive skills in the development of this theoretical critical perspective study through a four-phase process, while giving directions of when and how to acknowledge the use of AI in qualitative studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, the studies on managerial loss aversion have produced contradictory findings, making it impossible to: (i) identify the ultimate impact of managerial loss aversion on the value that organisations create for themselves and for their stakeholders, and (ii) mitigate the effect of managerial loss aversion to improve corporate value creation. With the aim of filling this gap, the authors of this paper first performed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), resulting in 65 relevant papers. The 65 papers were then analysed through a Thematic Analysis (TA), which was aimed at isolating and revising the single effects of managerial loss aversion on the corporate value creation process. Once it became clear when and how managerial loss aversion leads to negative impacts on corporate value creation (such as suboptimal investments in corporate social responsibility, short-term-oriented budget expenditures, illegal corporate conduct in favourable contexts, and low demand for audit quality), a novel theoretical framework was built. This framework proposes some preliminary approaches to mitigate these detrimental effects. In particular, future empirical research may operationalise potential debiasing strategies, derived from critical analysis of the literature, to reduce managerial loss aversion in different business settings, thereby improving corporate value creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Society & Leisure / Loisir & Société is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the rapid development of social media, new opportunities have been provided for the generation and dissemination of online rumors, making systematic study of rumor detection of great significance for the control and governance of internet rumors. Addressing the limitations of past review studies on rumor detection which were characterized by a single perspective, reliance on subjective judgment, and lack of technological evolution theory, this paper reviews 983 rumor detection articles in the SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, CCR-EXPANDED, and IC databases of the Web of Science. Utilizing Citespace and VOSviewer for visual analysis of the articles, and adopting bibliometric theories like network analysis and topic evolution analysis, this study identifies core research groups in the field of rumor detection based on author collaboration network and institution collaboration network. Through high-frequency keyword clustering graph and keyword co-occurrence graph, the study unveils topic associations and cluster structures among keywords, explicates research hotspots in the field of rumor detection, and conducts a fine-grained critical comparative analysis. According to keyword time graph, keyword bursts table, and trends in the number of publications in hot technology fields, combined with the S-curve technology evolution theory, the study discerns the life cycle and research trends of technologies in the rumor detection field. Compared to existing literature reviews, this paper is the first to propose integrating bibliometrics and S-curve technology evolution theory to reveal the state of relevant technologies and research frontiers. Plain Language Summary: A Review and Analysis of Rumor Detection Research There are many rumors on social media, which can mislead the public and disrupt the social order. How to detect rumors is an important research problem. Rumor detection can help control the spread and diffusion of rumors, and reduce their negative impact on the public and society. This article reviews and analyzes the research on rumor detection, using a combination of bibliometrics and S-curve technology evolution theory, and summarizes the research status, hotspots and trends of rumor detection. It finds that the research on rumor detection mainly has five aspects: rumor detection based on machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, multimodal fusion and trust network. These aspects have their own advantages, challenges and improvements. The technologies used are in different stages of maturity and have different development potentials. The most promising ones are multimodal fusion and trust network, which can extract more rich and effective rumor features, and enhance the effect and credibility of rumor detection. This article provides a new perspective and method for the research on rumor detection, and helps researchers better understand and predict the technical status and research frontier of rumor detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Borealis: An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics is the property of Nordic Council for Reindeer Husbandry Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: This is the first of a series of four papers, the goal of which is to identify the overcontact eclipsing binary star systems for which a solid case can be made for mass exchange. To reach this goal, it is necessary first to identify those systems for which there is a strong case for period change. We have identified 60 candidate systems; in the present paper and in two succeeding papers we will discuss the individual cases. For each system, we will present a detailed discussion and evaluation concerning the observational and interpretive material presented in the literature. An eclipse timing diagram (or diagrams), commonly referred to as an “O–C diagram”, using the latest available data will accompany each discussion. In paper 3, we will also present a table of marginal and rejected cases. In paper 4, we will present a discussion of the mechanisms that can effect period change and which of the systems presented can be reliably concluded to exhibit mass exchange. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Because of the environmental consequences of manufacturing activities, the general public, industry, and academia are becoming more aware of sustainable manufacturing (SM), which incorporates environmentally friendly manufacturing processes while emphasizing overall triple bottom line (TBL) performance in manufacturing. This article employs various text mining techniques and bibliometric analysis including cluster analysis, Pearson coefficient and research landscape to conduct an extensive investigation on SM with a focus on the TBL, in which the research content of SM with the TBL is reviewed and discussed systematically from a wide angle and with reduced bias. In this study, three new indicators about the ratios of the number of scientific papers between social, environmental, and economic dimensions of SM are devised to show the weight and level of importance of dimensions in SM, covering scientific papers from 30 years. The findings from this study indicate that the influential power of SM varies across the three dimensions, with a particular emphasis on the social dimension of SM from various countries, implying a current state of imbalance status in TBL for SM, at the same time, the economic and environmental dimensions share similar research topics and academic emphasis in SM. Based on these findings, recommendations based on sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN) are made to increase the social influence of SM. This article firstly reveals the individual status of the social dimension and the situation of unbalanced TBL in SM, providing sustainable suggestions for enhancing the effectiveness of SM and achieving balanced TBL regarding the SDGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this Authors’ Reply is to examine critically certain assertions by Logo in a Discussion and in two conference papers about a publication by Rozvany and Maute on a reliability based benchmark example [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review paper is an homage to Arvid Palmgren's pioneering paper on rolling bearing service life to highlight its relevance a century later. It follows the evolution of bearing service life theory from Palmgren's fundamental research to the contemporary international standard ISO 281. Palmgren's theory, based on the previously published papers of Stribeck and Hertz, laid the basis for the later development of bearing service life assessment methodology. Based on the Weibull theory of probability of damage, Lundberg and Palmgren introduced stochastic elements to explain the effect of reliability on bearing service life prediction. Harris and Ioannides, who made a significant contribution to the revision of the international standard on rolling bearing load rating and rating life are mentioned as well. Zaretsky's critical analysis also was not neglected in this review, due to a different approach respecting the original influence of material properties and bearing performances. Despite standardization, ongoing research by leading advanced bearing industries and academic institutions continues to refine methodologies for service life assessment. Through a comprehensive review and analysis, this paper offers insight into the current state of bearing service life theory, highlighting the collaborative efforts bringing progress in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines how theoretical misunderstandings of Karl Marx's theory of value have affected scholarly debates on sweatshops and labour-exploitation more broadly. Participants to these debates tend to overlook the distinction between the form of value and the substance of value. The paper further analyses problems with an exchange-based conceptualization of the labour-process, adopted by many sweatshop-defenders. Rather than posit Marx's own perspective as the exclusively correct position, this paper seeks to foster a more informed dialogue on the issue of labour-exploitation in global sweatshops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education reform is increasingly portrayed as a quest to achieve a ‘world class’ education system through a process of identifying and adopting the practices of those systems whose pupils perform best in league tables of achievement. This is the rationale for the range of new policies proposed by the coalition government in the schools White Paper published in November 2010, which promotes whole-system reform in England. This article examines the White Paper and analyses the sources and nature of the evidence for reform and the congruence between the policy intentions and their associated policy actions. The analysis suggests that the evidence for the proposed reforms and policy actions is at best tenuous. Both the White Paper and its key sources of evidence are characterised by: a selective use of data: a propensity to mix and match the sources of comparison; and an overall tendency to employ comparisons with high-performing systems elsewhere as a façade to legitimate preferred policy options. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The authors of the title paper [ Colloids and Surfaces A 606 (2020) 125456] reported to have hydrothermally synthesized nanosheet-constructed porous MnMoS 4 arrays on 3D Ni foam as a binder-free electrode in high performance supercapacitors. A critical analysis of the reported results viz. X-ray powder pattern and the elemental composition reveals that the electrode material is not MnMoS 4 as it contains substantial oxygen in addition to less Mo content than Mn. In this letter to the Editor, many points of criticism concerning the hydrothermal synthesis and interpretation of the experimental data are described to prove that MnMoS 4 (I) is a dubious material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper is a critique of Western modernity and the problems and promises of postmodernism in (re)liberating disaster studies. It criticizes metanarratives and grand theories of Western discourses to advance postmodern discourses in disaster studies. Design/methodology/approach: This paper outlines a conceptual domain through which approaches of postmodernism can be employed to (re)liberate disaster studies. Findings: Metanarratives and grand theories frame the scope and focus of disaster studies. But the increasing number and the aggravated impacts of disasters and environmental challenges in the late 20th and early 21st centuries are proofs that our current "frames" do not capture the complexities of disasters. Postmodernism, in its diversity and various meanings, offers critical and complementary perspectives and approaches to capture the previously neglected dimensions of disasters. Research limitations/implications: Postmodernism offers ways forward to (re)liberate disaster studies through ontological pluralism, epistemological diversity and hybridity of knowledge. Originality/value: The agenda of postmodernism in disaster studies is proposed in terms of the focus of inquiry, ontological and epistemological positionalities, research paradigm, methodologies and societal goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of knowledge vulnerabilities on knowledge risks and to analyse their intricate connections within the knowledge management systems. It is a new topic in knowledge management which is requested by the accelerated process of digitalization and the exponential development of the AI programs. There is a lack of research in this area and efforts should be made to bridge the knowledge gap. The method we use is based on a critical analysis of knowledge vulnerabilities and knowledge risks within a generic organization and of designing tree-diagrams able to illustrate the connections between them, and the possible adverse consequences for the firm's performance. The method of treediagrams has been extensively used in risk analysis of the complex technological systems of airplanes and nuclear reactors. Also, it is used in the risk management applied to other domains like climate change and earthquakes. It is the first paper to investigate these phenomena and to conceptualize such kind of diagrams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past few decades, there has been a dramatic increase in scientific publications dealing with contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and the escalating publication rate makes it close to impossible for individual researchers to get an overview of the field. Assuring the relevance and quality of the research conducted in any research field is a crucially important task. The rapidly increasing publication rates imply that review papers will play a progressively more central role to that end. The aim of the present paper is to critically assess whether reviews dealing with contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are effective vehicles for a healthy dialogue about methodological weaknesses, uncertainties, research gaps and the future direction of the field. We carried out a tiered content-analysis of CEC review papers. Relevant papers were identified through searches in Web of Science (Clarivate), leading to the identification of 6391 original research papers of which 193 are review papers. We find that the majority of CEC reviews are written as if they are comprehensive, even though this clearly is not the case. A minority (~20%) take a critical-analytical approach to the reviewing task and identify weaknesses and research gaps. The following widespread tendencies in CEC research papers are commonly noted as concerning: to equate removal of CECs to 'decreased concentrations in the effluent'; to focus on parent substances and not concern oneself with degradation products; to focus on most commonly studied substances rather than those of most concern; to not deal with the corollary of our inability to detect or assess the risk for all substances, and to give insufficient attention to uncertainties and the unknown. Several critical-analytical reviews are among the highest cited, which suggests that they have the potential to function as effective vehicles for a healthy dialogue on these topics. On the other hand, it would appear that the concerns expressed in these reviews have a limited impact, as the same concerns are repeated over time. This might be due to a tendency among review authors to express their concerns implicitly, instead of clearly spelling them out. Our study suggests that CEC reviews presently fail to provide adequate and reliable guidance regarding the relevance and quality of research in the field. We argue that the overwhelming number of publications in combination with a lack of quality criteria for review papers are reasons to this failure: it is well documented that choices made during the reviewing process have a major impact on the outcome of a review. These choices include: search engine; the criteria used to include or exclude papers; the criteria used to assess the quality of the data generated in the research papers included; the criteria used for the choice of substances/ organisms/ technologies reported on. The lack of transparent procedures makes it very difficult, if not impossible, to assess the quality of the findings presented or to put those findings in context. In this light, it is noteworthy that criteria for a good review paper are rarely spelled out by peer-reviewed journals or included in instructions on scientific writing. The dramatic increase in publications is a challenge for the entire research community, particularly for research fields that are expected to provide policy-relevant data. We argue that only when peer-reviewed journals start specifying quality criteria for review papers, can such papers be relied upon to provide adequate and strategic guidance on the development of CEC research. We anticipate that our findings and conclusions are valid for many other research fields. • A minority of reviews of compounds of emerging concern (CECs) take a critical-analytical approach and identify weaknesses, research gaps or ways forward. • Serious concerns in CEC reviews: authors do not pay attention to substances of most concern, degradation products, or uncertainties. Equate removal with decreased concentration. • Critical analytical reviews have limited impact and the same concerns are repeatedly expressed over time. • The low quality of the majority of CEC reviews is worrisome and prevents reviews from effectively guiding future research. • Recommendation: Journals to spell out and act on quality criteria, else there is a risk that review papers perpetuate weaknesses in research rather than counteract them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on critical appraisal as a facet of evidence-based practice. It discusses how to judge the quality of a study and devise checklists that will do so. Although the article recognizes the limitations of both collective and individual appraisal and the instruments of appraisal, perfection is not the object. However, if the process is sufficiently adequate, the checklist functions as a navigational aid. The article discusses appraisal in terms of the content being appraised, the instruments of appraisal and the appraiser.

Attempts to pursue sustainable mobility face widespread challenges. One key way of approaching these challenges is through policy transfer and policy learning; indeed, the practice of learning from elsewhere is encouraged at various levels of government. This paper contends that a better understanding of what facilitates learning through policy transfer might support further change, yet such examinations remain underdeveloped in the field of transport. This paper synthesises key concepts and factors that drive this learning process, by reviewing 65 papers on transport policy published between 2011 and 2020. Our findings testify to the growing prevalence of policy transfer research and emerging critical perspectives on the transfer and translation of global ideas. We uncover critical factors of the learning process, including settings where learning takes place, inter-actor relations, and organisational and institutional patterns. While most papers reviewed here aimed to examine learning, few employ theories to measure the concept. Consequently, one of our main conclusions is that relatively little is known about how and to what extent learning, triggered by experiences from other contexts, is actually transformed into action. Suggestions include more systematically focusing on organisational and institutional dimensions and concerted trans-disciplinary efforts to close the gap between research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local Authorities in England are rarely able to find a school place for newly arrived unaccompanied sanctuary seekers when the young person arrives in their locality aged 15–16. Criticisms regarding this exclusionary practice are plentiful; that said, it has been argued the dominance of debate regarding access to mainstream education for pupils aged 15–16 obfuscates critical analysis of the educational needs of this group. Focussed on a bespoke Local Authority educational offer for fewer than twenty newly arrived unaccompanied sanctuary seekers aged 15–16, this paper analyses the essence of this offer in relation to social inclusion. Analysed in relation to the category, structure and level/function of the young people's social inclusion, this paper draws on interview and focus group data to shine a light on the efficacious elements of the offer which point to ways forward for mainstream schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the influence of transnational challenges and decision-making heuristics and biases on the implementation of risk assessment (RA) process in the context of Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP). The investigation, which is based on a review of existing literature and a critical analysis of the ISO31000:2018 process, suggests that contemporary RA models and processes fail to adequately consider the domain-based characteristics of transnational Critical Infrastructure (CI) characteristics. They also fail to recognize the full extent of the human decision-making influence on the RA process itself, as well as the relative lack of homogeneity across assets, stakeholders, countries, paradigms, and people in transnational CI environments. The findings from this work provide a theoretical contribution towards a better understanding of the complexities introduced by the transnational nature of CIP and the effect of human decision-making. They can provide the impetus for further research in the fields of CIP and RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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All produced spaces are curious since they could, by definition, be different. Atriums—double height or greater vertical voids typically to be found in skyscrapers' lobbies—are an interesting illustration of this general contention. An internal feature of super-tall architecture the world over, the atrium flourishes in parts of cities where land value is high and given that atria could be occupied with directly rentable space this is an ostensibly puzzling affinity. Drawing primarily on the ideas of Henri Lefebvre and Walter Benjamin, this paper suggests that the presence of atria in major commercial—and increasingly public—buildings grows from oblique attempts to generate surplus value. Paradoxically, it is the voided space of the atrium that explains this strategy. My argument is that voids of open space can actually increase the value of objects, bodies, and practices that are assembled in and around them; paradoxically 'emptiness' itself can be monetised in a context of rentier capitalism. Defamiliarising the atrium, which is a distinctive and singular architectural feature of this moment, suggests a wider research agenda for those interested in critical analysis of the contradictory spaces that are produced when capital builds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conrad's Heart of Darkness is often regarded as a great text in Western Literature. One of its most intriguing aspects is its portrayal of women, or rather, the lack thereof. The novella has been examined from various critical perspectives such as Freudian, Marxist, postcolonial, and deconstructive, just to name a few. However, the treatment of women has received little scholarly attention. In this light, Conrad's nuanced view of women, heavily influenced by Schopenhauer, deserves greater attention. In this male-centric novella, women are nameless, inferior, insignificant, and mostly silent, except for occasional cries. This paper explores Schopenhauer's perspective on women - as primarily suited for childbirth and domestic duties, as well as Conrad's mistrust of women in the novella may reflect personal experiences and societal norms, exemplified in his portrayal of his wife and fictional female characters. This perspective is further reinforced by Schopenhauer's derogatory views on women, emphasizing their perceived intellectual deficiency. Examining the female characters reveals how Conrad confines them to limited roles, echoing patriarchal attitudes of his time. From Marlow's aunt, who blindly supports the colonial project due to her lack of knowledge on important issues, to Kurtz's Intended, who idealizes Kurtz despite his dark deeds, women are depicted as out of touch with reality. Ultimately, this paper offers a deep insight into Conrad's view of women in Heart of Darkness through a Schopenhauerian lens. Our analysis suggests that the female characters represent Conrad's view of women and that he was influenced by Schopenhauer, who belittles women in much of his writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Root Shock: How Tearing Up City Neighborhoods Hurts America and What We Can Do About It, Mindy Fullilove analyses how the US government’s urban renewal policy destroyed multiple communities across the country. Fullilove intended to include an appendix discussing situation analysis, the research method she used to study root shock. This paper takes up the task of that missing appendix. Situation analysis is a flexible and accessible way to study complex social phenomena or events. The goal is to describe how macro-political, social, and economic structures influence micro-level events, processes, and decision-making. In this paper, we define situation analysis and offer a guide to the method, detailing the phases of data collection and analysis: identifying ‘what happened’ and the people involved; documenting a variety of perspectives on the events of the situation; and setting events and perspectives within an embedding context. We conclude with a discussion of the unique insights gained when this approach is applied in policy studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I describe my reflections on developing student authors through a class research project. I review the assignment origins and description and my role in the students' developmental journey from transforming a class assignment to a publishable work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cybercrime is a growing concern in Bangladesh, and this paper will critically analyze the nature and extent of cybercrime in Bangladesh and its impact on individuals, businesses, and the economy as a whole. The research will begin by exploring the various types of cybercrime prevalent in Bangladesh and the methods cybercriminals use to carry out these crimes. It will then examine the reasons behind the increase in cybercrime in Bangladesh, including factors such as inadequate cyber-security measures, low awareness among the public, and the widespread use of digital technology. Moreover, the research question for this paper is: What are the main causes of the growing cybercrime problem in Bangladesh, and what can be done to mitigate its impact? Finally, this paper also discusses the challenges faced by law enforcement agencies in tackling cybercrime and the measures that can be taken to address this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aspired to investigate the human trauma of a society in wartime and thereafter. It focuses on literature that seeks to reflect life as it should be. However, literary works here deal with catastrophic dramas that depict Iraqis who generally suffer from the negative repercussions of the American Crisis and the extreme underdevelopment and poverty at that time. In this paper, the audience faces the disaster in two dramatic works: Baghdadi Bath (2005) by Jawad al-Asadi and Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo (2012) by Rajiv Joseph. They are a good example that depicts the nightmare experienced by all Iraqis during the war. Speaking about the disaster of war, we guess that the disaster may have human roots. The disaster of war on Iraq, in particular, is taken for analysis. The researchers try to denote the nature of man at the time of the disaster. The paper explores the relations between the ideas of war and the world we face and refers to Baghdad's brutal past and its confused present. It also inspects the real reasons behind the war and records the human condition in the consequences of the American invasion of Iraq. To narrow the field of investigation, the researchers have chosen disaster at war, especially the American war on Iraq in 2003, and its results for the study. The paper steps down war and violence and assures peace for people depending on different perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change has emerged as a global focal point, notably affecting vulnerable countries like Pakistan. The country faces heightened risk, prompting concern among many due to its susceptibility to climate-related hazards. An imperative challenge arising from this phenomenon is the necessary shift towards sustainable energy, particularly concerning energy consumption within the building sector. Buildings significantly contribute to daily energy usage and subsequent GHG emissions. In Pakistan, transitioning to energy-efficient building stock holds pivotal importance in mitigating climate change impacts. This hinges on establishing a robust institutional framework and regulatory structure centered around energy efficiency. While Pakistan possesses policies and national guidelines advocating for energy-efficient buildings, their practical enforcement and application remain inadequate. The inception of the Building Energy Code of Pakistan in 1990, based on ASHRAE 90.1 standards, marked a step forward. However, obstacles rooted in institutional weakness and limited capacity building have impeded its effective adoption and adherence. Although the Energy Provisions of 2011 introduced modifications, their scope remained confined mainly to commercial structures. This paper conducts an extensive assessment of Pakistan's existing institutional and regulatory framework for building energy efficiency and transition. Drawing on literature insights and stakeholder perspectives, an in-depth understanding of prevailing policies and institutions uncovers underlying reasons for noncompliance and limited implementation. Additionally, input was gathered from stakeholders through interviews, aiming to identify barriers obstructing the reinforcement of building energy efficiency measures in Pakistan. Discourse and narrative analysis, informed by literature and stakeholder interviews, revealed the significance of awareness, participation, coordination, capacity building, technical expertise, finance, and resources as key factors contributing to deficient compliance and implementation of existing codes and policy guidelines. This paper also proposes actionable recommendations to expedite the transition towards a sustainable, energy-efficient building stock in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The ability of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT to produce convincing, human-like text has major implications for the future of corporate reporting, including sustainability reporting. As the importance of sustainability reporting continues to grow, this study aims to critically analyse the benefits and pitfalls of automated text generation and processing. Design/methodology/approach: This study develops a conceptual framework to delineate the field, assess the implications and form the basis for the generation of research questions. This study uses Alvesson and Deetz's critical framework, considering insight (a review of literature and practice in the field), critique (consideration of the influences on the production and use of non-financial information and the implications for assurers of such information) and transformative redefinition (considering the implications of generative AI for sustainability reporting and proposing a research agenda). Findings: This study highlights the implications of generative AI for sustainability accounting, reporting, assurance and report usage, including the risk of AI facilitating greenwashing, and the importance of more research on the use of AI for these matters. Practical implications: The paper highlights to stakeholders the implications of AI for all aspects of sustainability reporting, including accounting, reporting, assurance and usage of reports. Social implications: The implications of AI need to be understood in society, which this paper facilitates. Originality/value: This study critically analyses the potential use of AI for sustainability reporting, construct a conceptual framework to delineate the field and develop a research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]