2,136 results
Search Results
2. ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS
- Published
- 1995
3. Identification and Severity Determination of Wheat Stripe Rust and Wheat Leaf Rust Based on Hyperspectral Data Acquired Using a Black-Paper-Based Measuring Method.
- Author
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Wang, Hui, Qin, Feng, Ruan, Liu, Wang, Rui, Liu, Qi, Ma, Zhanhong, Li, Xiaolong, Cheng, Pei, and Wang, Haiguang
- Subjects
- *
LEAF rust of wheat , *PLANT diseases , *REMOTE sensing , *LEAST squares , *SUPPORT vector machines - Abstract
It is important to implement detection and assessment of plant diseases based on remotely sensed data for disease monitoring and control. Hyperspectral data of healthy leaves, leaves in incubation period and leaves in diseased period of wheat stripe rust and wheat leaf rust were collected under in-field conditions using a black-paper-based measuring method developed in this study. After data preprocessing, the models to identify the diseases were built using distinguished partial least squares (DPLS) and support vector machine (SVM), and the disease severity inversion models of stripe rust and the disease severity inversion models of leaf rust were built using quantitative partial least squares (QPLS) and support vector regression (SVR). All the models were validated by using leave-one-out cross validation and external validation. The diseases could be discriminated using both distinguished partial least squares and support vector machine with the accuracies of more than 99%. For each wheat rust, disease severity levels were accurately retrieved using both the optimal QPLS models and the optimal SVR models with the coefficients of determination (R2) of more than 0.90 and the root mean square errors (RMSE) of less than 0.15. The results demonstrated that identification and severity evaluation of stripe rust and leaf rust at the leaf level could be implemented based on the hyperspectral data acquired using the developed method. A scientific basis was provided for implementing disease monitoring by using aerial and space remote sensing technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Recycling of Coal Fly Ash and Paper Waste to Improve Low Productive Red Soil in Okinawa, Japan.
- Author
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Jayasinghe, Guttila Yugantha, Tokashiki, Yoshihiro, and Kinjo, Kazuthoshi
- Subjects
PAPER recycling ,COAL ash & the environment ,RED soils ,NITROGEN fertilizers ,CROP science - Abstract
The article discusses the proposed way to develop synthetic aggregates (SA) through recycling coal fly ash (CFA) and paper waste (PW) as a granular nitrogen fertilizer for low productive red soil in Okinawa, Japan. This study involves the production of 3 types of ammonium sulfate (AS) with 3 different nitrogen (N) percentages along with the comparison of SA with acidic red soil. It concludes that using SA can improve crop production of acidic red soil due to its properties like low bulk density.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Bibliometric analysis of management practices in US corn (1990–2020).
- Author
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Sinha, Namita and Dhillon, Jagmandeep Singh
- Subjects
BIBLIOMETRICS ,CROP science ,CORN ,CONSERVATION tillage ,SOIL science ,COVER crops ,NO-tillage - Abstract
Bibliometric analysis explores large volume of scientific data, revealing trends and insights in a specific research field. Consistently, a bibliometric analysis of 30 years (1990–2020) was performed within the US corn (Zea mays L.) production using the Scopus database and VOSviewer. Search query was performed within the article title, abstract, and keywords indicative of management practices in corn. Exclusion criterion based on subject area and journals generated a total of 7468 publications. The data analysis revealed contributions from 7327 authors and 47 organizations documented in 69 journals. The top five organizations leading the investigation were United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Iowa State University, University of Nebraska, University of Illinois, and Purdue University. The most prolific authors were Dr. Rattan Lal (Ohio State University, Columbus, OH), Dr. Douglas L. Karlen (USDA‐ARS, Ames, IA), Dr. Kenneth G. Cassman (University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE), Dr. Lajpat Rai Ahuja (USDA‐ARS, Ft. Collins, CO), and Dr. John Walsh Doran (USDA‐ARS, Lincoln, NE). Journals with most publications were Agronomy Journal; Soil Science Society of America Journal; Soil and Tillage Research; Crop Science; and Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. Furthermore, author keywords differed from queried keywords, and no‐till, nitrogen, cover crop, soybean, irrigation, phosphorus, conservation tillage, yield, and water quality were most prominent. Moreover, there was an evident shift in keywords and an observed trend between 1998 and 2020. Overall, these findings allow researchers to explore network maps via the hyperlinks present in papers, identifying research gaps and advancing original studies to bridge gaps in the literature. Core Ideas: There has been a consistent increase in corn research in last 30 years.United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service (USDA‐ARS) was the top funding sponsor and leading investigator.Queried keywords differed from author keywords, and a trend was observed in their use.The top journal with most publications on corn production was Agronomy Journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. On the use of specific publication criteria for papers on process-based modelling in plant science
- Author
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van Oijen, Marcel
- Subjects
- *
CROP science , *CROP management - Abstract
The use of process-based modelling is increasing in most disciplines of plant science, but criteria for what is acceptable modelling work have rarely been made explicit. Unlike empirical work, modelling does not provide direct information on nature, and the goal is generally to explain natural phenomena, or predict their consequences, rather than reveal new phenomena or test specific hypotheses. Goals, methods and results of modelling and empirical work thus differ and they should be judged by different criteria. This note shows how the four criteria of explanation, testability, novelty and good modelling practice can be applied to modelling papers in the plant sciences. The practical implementation of these criteria is discussed, and a checklist of eight questions is derived with which papers can be evaluated. To illustrate the use of the criteria, they are applied to a classic publication from the crop modelling literature [Simulation of Assimilation, Respiration and Transpiration of Crops. Pudoc, Wageningen]. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
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7. Research on drought stress in Medicago sativa L. from 1998 to 2023: a bibliometric analysis.
- Author
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Zijun Zhou, Junqin Li, Yang Gao, Xiangtao Wang, Rui Wang, Haiyan Huang, Yu Zhang, Lili Zhao, and Puchang Wang
- Subjects
ALFALFA ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,DROUGHT management ,DROUGHTS ,CROP science ,SOIL science ,DROUGHT tolerance - Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage crops in the world. Drought is recognized as a major challenge limiting alfalfa production and threatening food security. Although some literature reviews have been conducted in this area, bibliometric reviews based on large amounts of published data are still lacking. In this paper, a bibliometric analysis of alfalfa drought stress from 1998-2023 was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection database in order to assess global trends in alfalfa drought stress research and to provide new directions for future research. The results showed that the annual publication output maintained an increase in most years, with China and the United States contributing significantly to the field. Most of the journals published are specialized journals in botany, environmental science, soil science and crop science, as well as related agribusiness journals. "plant growth" and "yield" were the most frequently used keywords, reflecting the important purpose of research in this field. And two main research directions were identified: research on drought response mechanism of alfalfa and exploration of drought-resistant technology. In addition, physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of drought tolerance and high yield in alfalfa, transgenics, and microbial fertilizer research have been hot research topics in recent years and may continue in the future. The ultimate goal of this paper is to provide a foundational reference for future research on alfalfa's drought resistance and yield optimization mechanisms, thereby enhancing the crop's application in agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. 2022 CSSA Division Awards for Outstanding Paper.
- Subjects
AWARDS ,PLANT breeding ,COVER crops ,GENOTYPE-environment interaction ,CROP science ,ALFALFA ,CROPPING systems ,CORN breeding - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Impacts of climate change on growth period and planting boundaries of winter wheat in China under RCP4.5 scenario.
- Author
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Sun, Z., Jia, S. F., Lv, A. F., Yang, K. J., Svensson, J., and Gao, Y. C.
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,WINTER wheat ,CROP science - Abstract
This paper advances understanding of the impacts of climate change on crops in China by moving from ex-post analysis to forecasting, and by demonstrating how the effects of climate change will affect the growth period and the planting boundaries of winter wheat. Using a multiple regression model based on agricultural meteorological observations and the IPCC AR5 GCMs simulations, we find that the sowing date of winter wheat in the base period, 2040s and 2070s, shows a gradually delayed trend from north to south and the growth period of winter wheat in China will be shortened under climate change. The simulation results also show that (i) the north planting boundaries of winter wheat in China will likely move northward and expand westward in the future, while the south planting boundary will rise and spread in south Hainan and Taiwan; and (ii) the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region will have the largest increases in planting areas in 2040s and 2070s. Our simulation implies that Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia are more sensitive to climate change than other regions in China and priority should be given to design adaptation strategies for winter wheat planting for these provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Nitrogen mineralization and nitrate leaching of a sandy soil amended with different organic wastes.
- Author
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Burgos, Pilar, Madejón, Engracia, and Cabrera, Francisco
- Subjects
SOIL leaching ,NITROGEN ,SANDY soils ,ORGANIC wastes ,COMPOSTING ,ORGANIC fertilizers ,CROP science ,PAPER mills ,SEWAGE sludge ,BIOMINERALIZATION - Abstract
Organic wastes can be recycled as a source of plant nutrients, enhancing crop production by improving soil quality. However, the study of the dynamic of soil nutrient, especially the N dynamic, after soil application of any organic material is vital for assessing a correct and effective use of the material, minimizing the losses of nitrate in leachates and avoiding the negative environmental effects that it may cause in groundwater. To estimate the effect of three organic materials, a municipal solid waste compost (MWC), a non-composted paper mill sludge (PS), and an agroforest compost (AC) on the N dynamic of a sandy soil two experiments were carried out: an incubation experiment and a column experiment. The incubation experiment was conducted to estimate the N mineralization rate of the different soil-amendment mixtures. The soil was mixed with the organic amendments at a rate equivalent to 50 000 kg ha
-1 and incubated during 40 weeks at constant moisture content (70% of its water-holding capacity) and temperature (28°C) under aerobic conditions. Organic amendment- soil samples showed an immobilization of N during the first weeks, which was more noticeable and longer in the case of PS-treated soil compared to the other two amendments due to its high C/N ratio, After this immobilization stage, a positive mineralization was observed for all treatment, especially in MWC treated soil. Contemporaneously a 1-year column (19 cm diameter and 60 cm height) experiment was carried out to estimate the nitrate losses from the soil amended with the same organic materials, Amendments were mixed with the top soil (0-15 cm) at a rate equivalent to 50 000 kg ha-1 . The columns were periodically irrigated simulating rainfall in the area of study, receiving in total 415 mm of water, and the water draining was collected during the experimental period and analysed for NO3 -N. At the end of the experimental period NO3 -N content in soil columns at three depths (0-20, 20-35 and 35-50 cm) was determined. The nitrate concentration in drainage water confirmed the results obtained in the incubation experiment: nitrate leaching was higher in soil treated with MWC due to its higher N-mineralization rate. Nevertheless, the nitrate losses represented a low amount compared with the total nitrogen added to soil. No clear signs of water-draining contamination were observed during the first year after the application of AC and PS; however, the nitrate leaching in soil treated with MWC slightly exceeded the limit allowed for the Drinking Water Directive 98/83/CE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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11. Evaluating scientists scientifically
- Author
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Joshi, Yateendra
- Published
- 2014
12. HIV/AIDS and Rural Food Security in Africa: Discussion
- Author
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Frayne, Bruce
- Published
- 2006
13. 'Organic abundance' report: fatally flawed
- Author
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Avery, Alex
- Published
- 2007
14. Domestic laundry and microfiber pollution: Exploring fiber shedding from consumer apparel textiles
- Author
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Mathew Watkins, Ekaterina Vassilenko, Stephen Chastain, Anna M. Posacka, Shreyas Patankar, Joel Mertens, and Peter S. Ross
- Subjects
business.product_category ,Textile ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Laundry ,Physiology ,Polymers ,Microplastics ,Marine and Aquatic Sciences ,Cotton ,010501 environmental sciences ,Molting ,Wastewater ,01 natural sciences ,Fiber ,Materials ,Flowering Plants ,Multidisciplinary ,Textiles ,Eukaryota ,Agriculture ,Plants ,Pulp and paper industry ,Polyester ,Fibers ,Chemistry ,Macromolecules ,Wool ,Physical Sciences ,Medicine ,Plastics ,Research Article ,Science ,Polyesters ,Materials Science ,Crops ,Microfiber ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Laundering ,business.industry ,Ecology and Environmental Sciences ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Fiber Crops ,Aquatic Environments ,Polymer Chemistry ,Nylons ,Synthetic fiber ,Earth Sciences ,Environmental science ,business ,Physiological Processes ,Crop Science - Abstract
Synthetic fibers are increasingly seen to dominate microplastic pollution profiles in aquatic environments, with evidence pointing to textiles as a potentially important source. However, the loss of microfibers from textiles during laundry is poorly understood. We evaluated microfiber release from a variety of synthetic and natural consumer apparel textile samples (n = 37), with different material types, constructions, and treatments during five consecutive domestic laundry cycles. Microfiber loss ranged from 9.6 mg to 1,240 mg kg-1 of textile per wash, or an estimated 8,809 to > 6,877,000 microfibers. Mechanically-treated polyester samples, dominated by fleeces and jerseys, released six times more microfibers (161 ± 173 mg kg-1 per wash) than did nylon samples with woven construction and filamentous yarns (27 ± 14 mg kg-1 per wash). Fiber shedding was positively correlated with fabric thickness for nylon and polyester. Interestingly, cotton and wool textiles also shed large amounts of microfibers (165 ± 44 mg kg-1 per wash). The similarity between the average width of textile fibers here (12.4 ± 4.5 μm) and those found in ocean samples provides support for the notion that home laundry is an important source of microfiber pollution. Evaluation of two marketed laundry lint traps provided insight into intervention options for the home, with retention of up to 90% for polyester fibers and 46% for nylon fibers. Our observation of a > 850-fold difference in the number of microfibers lost between low and high shedding textiles illustrates the strong potential for intervention, including more sustainable clothing design.
- Published
- 2021
15. The Bt cotton story: The ethics of science and its reportage
- Author
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Sahai, Suman
- Published
- 2003
16. Survey of Beginning Weed Science Courses
- Author
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Pearce, R. Brent and Appleby, Arnold P.
- Published
- 1992
17. Application of biochar from crop straw in asphalt modification
- Author
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Xinli Gan and Wenli Zhang
- Subjects
Fossil Fuels ,Hot Temperature ,Softening point ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Physical Chemistry ,Soil ,Materials Physics ,Plant Products ,Biochar ,Electron Microscopy ,Charcoal ,Materials ,Microscopy ,Multidisciplinary ,Viscosity ,Physics ,Straw ,Agriculture ,Pulp and paper industry ,Chemistry ,Coal ,Optical Equipment ,visual_art ,Physical Sciences ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Engineering and Technology ,Medicine ,Scanning Electron Microscopy ,Powders ,Organic Materials ,Research Article ,Crops, Agricultural ,Materials science ,Science ,Materials Science ,Equipment ,Crops ,Fuels ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Specific surface area ,Binders ,021108 energy ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Lasers ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Apparent viscosity ,Hydrocarbons ,Agronomy ,Energy and Power ,Chemical Properties ,Asphalt ,Particle size ,Crop Science - Abstract
The objective of this study is to verify the feasibility of using biochar made from crop straw as a bitumen additive to improve some properties of bitumen. The differences between crop straw biochar prepared in a laboratory and commercial charcoal were investigated through scanning electron microscopy and laser particle size analyses. Furthermore, biochar-modified asphalt was prepared using the high-speed shear method, and the penetration, softening point, ductility at 15°C, and apparent viscosity of the asphalt binder with 6% biochar were measured at 120, 135, 150, 160, and 175°C. It was found that both the crop straw biochar and the commercial charcoal consist mainly of C, O, Si, and K, but the C content of crop straw biochar is slightly higher than that of commercial charcoal. The particle size of biochar is smaller than that of commercial charcoal, while the specific surface area is larger. It was determined that the addition of crop straw biochar significantly improved the high-temperature performance of asphalt, and that biochar and commercial charcoal have a similar influence on the high temperature performance of asphalt.
- Published
- 2021
18. Acaricidal activity of Foeniculum vulgare against Rhipicephalus annulatus is mainly dependent on its constituent from trans-anethone
- Author
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Saleh Al-Quraishy, Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki, Waleed M. Arafa, Ahmed O. Hassan, Asmaa A. Kamel, Shawky M. Aboelhadid, and Atalay Sokmen
- Subjects
Life Cycles ,Foeniculum ,Physiology ,Eggs ,Disease Vectors ,medicine.disease_cause ,Biochemistry ,law.invention ,Toxicology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Larvae ,Medical Conditions ,Ticks ,Filter Paper ,Reproductive Physiology ,law ,Plant Products ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Public and Occupational Health ,Rhipicephalus annulatus ,Protease Inhibitor Therapy ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Essential Oils ,Eukaryota ,Agriculture ,Vaccination and Immunization ,Glutathione ,Fenchone ,Laboratory Equipment ,Infectious Diseases ,Acetylcholinesterase ,Engineering and Technology ,Medicine ,Research Article ,Arthropoda ,Death Rates ,Science ,Immunology ,Antiretroviral Therapy ,Equipment ,Tick ,Antiviral Therapy ,Population Metrics ,Arachnida ,Infestation ,parasitic diseases ,Oils, Volatile ,Rhipicephalus ,medicine ,Animals ,Fennel Oil ,Essential oil ,Ixodes ,Population Biology ,Acaricide ,fungi ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Invertebrates ,Agronomy ,Species Interactions ,chemistry ,Fruit ,Preventive Medicine ,Peptides ,Zoology ,Developmental Biology ,Crop Science - Abstract
Globally, the economic losses due to hard ticks infestation and the control of the associated diseases have been calculated at USD $13.9–18.7 billion per year. The economic impact is related to its direct damage to the skins, blood loss, anemia, severe immunological reactions and indirect losses that related to the effects of hemoparasites, cost of treatment for clinical cases and expenses incurred in the control of ticks. The current study evaluated the acaricidal activities of fennel Foeniculum vulgare essential oil and its main components; trans-anethole and fenchone; against R. annulatus. GC–MS analysis revealed that this oil contained 16 components representing 99.9% of the total identified compounds with E-anethole being the predominant component(64.29%), followed by fenchone (9.94%). The fennel oil and trans-anethole showed significant acaricidal activities. The LC50 of the fennel oil was attained at concentrations of 12.96% for adult ticks and 1.75% for tick larvae meanwhile the LC50 of trans-anethole was reached at concentrations of 2.36% for adult tick and 0.56% for tick larvae. On the contrary, fenchone showed no any significant adulticidal activities and its LC50 attained at a concentration of 9.11% for tick larvae. Regarding repellence activities, trans-anethole achieved 100% repellency at the concentration of 10% while fennel showed 86% repellency at the same concentration. Fenchone showed no repellency effect. Treatment of larvae with fennel, trans-anethole, and fenchone LC50 concentrations significantly inhibited the acetylcholinesterase activity. Meanwhile, glutathione s-transferase activity was significantly decreased in fennel treated larvae but no significant effect was found in the larvae of trans-anethole and fenchone groups. These results indicate that the acaricide effect of fennel oil may attributed to its high content of trans-anethole. This was supported by potent adulticidal, larvicidal, and repellency effects of trans-anethole against Rhipeciphalus annulatus tick and therefore it could be included in the list of acaricide of plant origin.
- Published
- 2021
19. A comparative analysis of biogas production from tomato bio-waste in mesophilic batch and continuous anaerobic digestion systems
- Author
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Attila Bodor, Balázs Kakuk, Viktória Markó, Árpád Szilágyi, Roland Wirth, László Bodai, Naila Bounedjoum, Zoltán Bagi, Kornél L. Kovács, Ágnes Szepesi, Gábor Rákhely, and Norbert Tolvai
- Subjects
Metabolic Processes ,Leaves ,Fruit Crops ,Biogas ,Biomass ,Plant Science ,Biochemistry ,Lignin ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bioreactors ,Solanum lycopersicum ,Bioenergy ,Anaerobiosis ,Materials ,Tomatine ,Multidisciplinary ,Microbiota ,Plant Anatomy ,Eukaryota ,Agriculture ,Plants ,Pulp and paper industry ,Crop Production ,Chemistry ,Corn stover ,Experimental Organism Systems ,Physical Sciences ,Engineering and Technology ,Medicine ,Methane ,Research Article ,Mesophile ,Science ,Materials Science ,Crops ,Fuels ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Zea mays ,Fruits ,Model Organisms ,Tomatoes ,Plant and Algal Models ,Grasses ,Effluent ,Organisms ,Chemical Compounds ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Maize ,Energy and Power ,Anaerobic digestion ,Metabolism ,chemistry ,Biofuels ,Fermentation ,Animal Studies ,Metagenomics ,Crop Science - Abstract
Annually, agricultural activity produces an enormous amount of plant biomass by-product. Many studies have reported the biomethane potential of agro-industrial wastes, but only a few studies have investigated applying the substrates in both batch and continuous mode. Tomato is one of the most popular vegetables globally; its processing releases a substantial amount of by-product, such as stems and leaves. This study examined the BMP of tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. L. cv. Alfred) waste. A comparative test revealed that the BMPs of corn stover, tomato waste,and their combination were approximately the same, around 280 mL methane/g Volatile Solid. In contrast, the relative biogas production decreased in the presence of tomato waste in a continuous mesophilic anaerobic digestion system; the daily biogas productions were 860 ± 80, 290 ± 50, and 570 ± 70 mL biogas/gVolatile Solid/day in the case of corn stover, tomato waste, and their mixture, respectively. The methane content of biogas was around 46–48%. The fermentation parameters of the continuous AD experiments were optimal in all cases; thus, TW might have an inhibitory effect on the microbial community. Tomato plant materials contain e.g. flavonoids, glycoalkaloids (such as tomatine and tomatidine), etc. known as antimicrobial and antifungal agents. The negative effect of tomatine on the biogas yield was confirmed in batch fermentation experiments. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the tomato plant waste caused significant rearrangements in the microbial communities in the continuously operated reactors. The results demonstrated that tomato waste could be a good mono-substrate in batch fermentations or a co-substrate with corn stover in a proper ratio in continuous anaerobic fermentations for biogas production. These results also point to the importance of running long-term continuous fermentations to test the suitability of a novel biomass substrate for industrial biogas production.
- Published
- 2021
20. Seed Traits Research Is on the Rise: A Bibliometric Analysis from 1991–2020.
- Author
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Liu, Zhaogang, Zhao, Ming, Lu, Zhengkuan, and Zhang, Hongxiang
- Subjects
BIBLIOMETRICS ,CROP science ,SEEDS ,COMMUNITIES ,POPULATION dynamics - Abstract
Seed traits (ST) influence seedling establishment, population dynamics, community composition and ecosystem function and reflect the adaptability of plants and the environmental conditions they experienced. There has been a historical and global accumulation of studies on ST, but with few pertaining to visual and quantitative analyses. To understand the trends in the field of ST research in the past 30 years, we conducted a bibliometric analysis based on the Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E) database. The analysis provided annual publications, time trends for keywords, the most productive journals, authors, institutions and countries, and a comprehensive overview of the ST field. Our results showed that in the past 30 years, the number of publications in ST research has increased at an average annual growth rate of 9.1%, while the average number of citations per paper per year showed a rapid increase–slow increase–decrease trend. Keyword analysis showed that "germination" was the most popular research section. Crop Science ranked first among the top journals and Theoretical and Applied Genetics had greater influence in this area and more citations than other journals. The 10 most productive institutions were mostly located in the United States, China and Australia. Furthermore, the three countries also had the largest number of publications and citations. Our analysis showed that the research interests in ST have evolved from genetics and agricultural science to ecological research over the last thirty years; as more fields embrace ST research, there are opportunities for international and interdisciplinary collaborations, cooperative institutions and new advances in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Fortieth volume of Potato Research: a selective history.
- Author
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Struik, P. and Schouwenburg, I.
- Abstract
Potato Research started as the “European Potato Journal”, the official journal of the European Association for Potato Research, in 1958, was re-named “Potato Research” in 1970 (Volume 13) and has published mainly original scientific contributions in 39 volumes. The authorship has become increasingly international and currently writes predominantly in English, although papers are also offered in German or French. Topics covered have seen clear changes over volumes, mainly reflecting trends and break-throughs in (potato) science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Current Trends for a Modern, Integrated, and Sustainable Approach to Weed Management.
- Author
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Peruzzi, Andrea, Fontanelli, Marco, and Frasconi, Christian
- Subjects
WEED control ,CROP science ,AGRICULTURAL technology ,SUSTAINABLE agriculture ,HERBICIDE resistance ,WEEDS - Abstract
Research into an innovative weed management approach should focus on a long-term ecological approach, taking into account the interaction between weed communities, crops, management actions, and environmental and socio-economic aspects for each specific agroecosystem [[7], [12]]. From 2018 to 2023, I Agronomy i published 323 papers in the areas of weed science and weed management. Other topics, like VRM (3%), BHM (6%), and INM (7%), confirm the current interest within weed science research towards alternative methods within an integrated and sustainable management approach. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Use of corn stover as bulking agent in dairy manure composting toward Japanese circular dairy farming
- Author
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Koki Maeda
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Hot Temperature ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Methane ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Japan ,Plant Products ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Animal Management ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Multidisciplinary ,Eukaryota ,Straw ,Agriculture ,Plants ,Pulp and paper industry ,Chemistry ,Corn stover ,Experimental Organism Systems ,Wheat ,Physical Sciences ,Medicine ,Research Article ,Livestock ,020209 energy ,Science ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Zea mays ,Greenhouse Gases ,Model Organisms ,Plant and Algal Models ,Environmental Chemistry ,Organic matter ,Grasses ,Dairy farming ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Composting ,Ecology and Environmental Sciences ,Organisms ,Chemical Compounds ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Carbon Dioxide ,Total dissolved solids ,Manure ,Agronomy ,Maize ,chemistry ,Atmospheric Chemistry ,Greenhouse gas ,Animal Studies ,Earth Sciences ,Environmental science ,Crop Science - Abstract
In response to the recent development of ear corn feeding systems and the shortage of bulking agents for manure composting in the Hokkaido region, the plausibility of using corn stover (a residue of ear corn harvesting) as an alternative bulking agent for dairy manure composting was tested. The temperature profile, quality of the final product, and greenhouse gas emissions were evaluated and compared with the values obtained from manure that used wheat straw, a typical bulking agent. A sufficiently high temperature profile (>70°C) and active organic matter degradation were achieved by mixing in corn stover. After active organic matter degradation for 8 weeks, CO2 production was significantly lower and the stable final products were obtained. The total solids level increased significantly, to 48.8–50.4%, while the C/N ratio dropped significantly, from 19.9–21.8 to 11.2–12.8. Methane emission from the corn-stover-based pile was 0.36% of initial volatile solids, while nitrous oxide emission was 0.58% of initial N, proving that the use of corn stover can mitigate greenhouse gas emission and that its mitigating effect was comparable to those of other bulking agents. Together, the results showed that the use of corn stover can be a suitable alternative bulking agent for dairy manure composting and can serve as part of an ecologically friendly and “circular” method of dairy farming.
- Published
- 2020
24. Genetically Modified Seeds
- Author
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Kulkarni, Manu N.
- Published
- 2009
25. Publications Update: New Multi‐Journal Virtual Issue: Advancing Resilient Agricultural Systems: Adapting to and Mitigating Climate Change.
- Author
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Hatfield, Jerry
- Subjects
AGRICULTURE ,SOIL science ,CROP science ,SOIL management ,CLIMATE change ,WATER management - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Multifaceted analyses disclose the role of fruit size and skin-russeting in the accumulation pattern of phenolic compounds in apple
- Author
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Fabrizio Costa, Nicola Busatto, Daiki Matsumoto, Urska Vrhovsek, and Alice Tadiello
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Metabolite ,Fruit development ,Phytochemicals ,Fruit Crops ,Gene Expression ,01 natural sciences ,Antioxidants ,Catechin ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Procyanidin B2 ,0303 health sciences ,Principal Component Analysis ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Pulp (paper) ,food and beverages ,Eukaryota ,Agriculture ,Plants ,Quality ,Horticulture ,Chemistry ,Malus ,Physical Sciences ,Medicine ,Quercetin ,Anatomy ,Research Article ,Skin Tissue ,Science ,Animal Types ,Crops ,engineering.material ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Fruits ,03 medical and health sciences ,Nutraceutical ,Phenols ,Genetics ,Apples ,Biflavonoids ,Animals ,Proanthocyanidins ,Domestic Animals ,Molecular Biology Techniques ,Molecular Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,Gene Expression Profiling ,fungi ,Organisms ,Chemical Compounds ,Biology and Life Sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Phlorhizin ,Biological Tissue ,chemistry ,Polyphenol ,Fruit ,engineering ,Settore AGR/03 - ARBORICOLTURA GENERALE E COLTIVAZIONI ARBOREE ,Zoology ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Cloning ,Crop Science - Abstract
Fruits are nowadays considered important suppliers of anti-oxidant molecules. Apples are particularly rich in phenolic compounds, non-nutritional phytochemicals that play active roles in controlling severe chronic diseases. In this work, 19 phenolic compounds were investigated in both skin and pulp tissues of seven apple accessions across the Malus genus collected at two stages: during fruit development and at harvest. The primary difference in phenolic concentration between wild and domesticated accessions, especially in the pulp, could be explained by the larger growth rate of the domesticated varieties. The proposed dilution effect was also confirmed through the observation of the increased content of procyanidin B2+B4 and phloridzin in russet-skinned apples, known to have higher concentrations of these compounds. The metabolite screening was also accompanied by the expression analysis of 16 polyphenolic genes showing, for nine elements, a higher expression at harvest than during fruit development. Finally, a polyphenolic comparison with red-fleshed apples was also carried out, underlying a larger amount of procyanidins and quercetin-3rhamnoside in the white-fleshed accessions. The results presented and discussed in this work suggest that specific white-fleshed apples, especially with russeted-skin, may play an important role in ameliorating the nutraceutical potential of apple fruit.
- Published
- 2019
27. "Natural Evaporation from Open Water, Bare Soil and Grass" by Harold L. Penman, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (1948) A193:120–146.
- Author
-
Sinclair, Thomas R.
- Subjects
SOILS ,CROP science ,CROP losses ,WATER ,AGROHYDROLOGY - Abstract
This article is part of a series of brief commentaries to highlight papers that have resulted in important and distinctly new perspectives in crop science. A criterion for selection of papers is that they must have been published at least 20 yr ago to allow for a long‐range perspective in assessment of the papers. The current article briefly reviews the paper by Harold L. Penman published in 1948 that offered an original analysis of approaches to estimate evaporation from natural surfaces. He developed two approaches: one based on a sink strength model, and the second on an energy balance model. He compared the predictions of these approaches to his experimental observations of evaporation from open water, bare soil, and grass. He found each of the models did well (r ≈ 0.8) in predicting open water evaporation. The evaporation from bare soil and grass was less than that from the open water, and the predicted evaporation amounts were variable even when normalized by open water evaporation. Even though Penman warned that aspects of the approaches were empirical, the energy balance model remains a mainstay in predicting crop water loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Sustainable production of healthy, affordable food in the UK: The pros and cons of plasticulture.
- Author
-
Cusworth, Samuel J., Davies, William J., McAinsh, Martin R., and Stevens, Carly J.
- Subjects
SUSTAINABILITY ,SUSTAINABLE agriculture ,CROP science ,AGRICULTURAL pollution ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,TRADITIONAL farming - Abstract
An evolving green agenda as the UK seeks to achieve 'net zero' in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, coupled with our new trading relationship with the European Union, is resulting in new government policies, which will be disruptive to Britain's traditional food and farming practices. These policies encourage sustainable farming and land‐sparing to restore natural habitats and will provide an opportunity to address issues such as high emissions of GHGs and dwindling biodiversity resulting from many intensive agricultural practices. To address these and other food challenges such as global conflicts and health issues, Britain will need a revolution in its food system. The aim of this paper is to make the case for such a food revolution where additional healthy food for the UK population is produced in‐country in specialised production units for fruits and vegetables developed on sites previously considered unsuitable for crop production. High crop productivity can be achieved in low‐cost controlled environments, making extensive use of novel crop science and modern controlled‐environment technology. Such systems must be operated with very limited environmental impact. In recent years, growth in the application of plasticulture in UK horticulture has driven some increases in crop yield, quality and value. However, the environmental cost of plastic production and plastic pollution is regarded as a generational challenge that faces the earth system complex. The distribution of plastic waste is ubiquitous, with a significant pollution load arising from a range of agricultural practices. The primary receptor of agriplastic pollution is agricultural soil. Impacts of microplastics on crop productivity and quality and also on human health are only now being investigated. This paper explores the possibility that we can mitigate the adverse environmental effects of agriplastics and thereby exploit the potential of plasticulture to enhance the productivity and positive health impact of UK horticulture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Crop science literature and Bradford law.
- Author
-
Tripathi, Harish Kumar and Sen, B. K.
- Subjects
CROP science ,CROP science literature ,BRADFORD'S law (Bibliometrics) ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,SORGHUM - Abstract
An attempt has been made to test whether crop science literature follows Bradford law. The dataset comprised 10,100 papers indexed in Indian Science Abstracts and CAB Abstracts during the period 1965-2010. A ranked list of journals has been prepared and Leimkuhler test was conducted. The list of core journals is provided. The dataset does not follow Bradford law even with Leimkuhler formulation. The crops covered are rice, wheat, barley, maize, sorghum and millets. Possibly combining of data for six crops together and cumulating of data of every fifth year deviated the dataset from Bradford law of scattering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
30. "Basis of yield component compensation in crop plants with special reference to field bean, Phaseolus vulgaris" by M. Wayne Adams, Crop Science (1967) 7, 505–510.
- Author
-
Sinclair, Thomas R.
- Subjects
FAVA bean ,CROPS ,CROP science ,SPECIALTY crops ,SEED yield ,COMMON bean - Abstract
This article is part of a series of brief commentaries to highlight papers that have resulted in important and distinctly new perspectives in crop science. A criterion for selection of papers is that they must have been published at least 20 yr ago to allow for a long‐range perspective in assessment of the papers. The current article briefly reviews the paper by M. Wayne Adams published in 1967 that provided original insights about compensation in the components of seed number and seed yield in determining crop yield. Adams reviewed experimental results in a large number of crop species and discovered a consistent negative correlation between seed number and mean seed mass. He labeled this negative correlation as "component compensation" in the formation of yield. He hypothesized that component compensation resulted from limiting nutrient‐metabolite availability to support developing reproductive structures. Ultimately, the retained seeds would be filled to the extent allowed by the supply of nutrient‐metabolites so that there was compensation between seed number and individual seed mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Location of water in fresh sugarcane bagasse observed by synchrotron X-ray microtomography
- Author
-
Paulo E. Mantelatto, Daison Yancy-Caballero, Carlos S. B. Dias, Nathaly L. Archilha, Carlos Driemeier, and Liu Y. Ling
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Atmospheric Science ,Technology ,Biomass ,Plant Science ,02 engineering and technology ,Diagnostic Radiology ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Fiber ,Multidisciplinary ,Chemistry ,Plant Anatomy ,Radiology and Imaging ,Eukaryota ,Agriculture ,Plants ,Pulp and paper industry ,Bone Imaging ,Saccharum ,Plant Physiology ,Physical Sciences ,Vascular Bundles ,Engineering and Technology ,Medicine ,Cellular Structures and Organelles ,Cellular Types ,Research Article ,Ellipsoids ,Imaging Techniques ,Plant Cell Biology ,020209 energy ,Science ,Geometry ,Equipment ,Crops ,Research and Analysis Methods ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cell Walls ,Meteorology ,Xylem ,Diagnostic Medicine ,Plant Cells ,Dry matter ,Grasses ,Cellulose ,Sugar ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Parenchyma Cells ,Water ,Humidity ,Cell Biology ,X-Ray Microtomography ,Sugarcane ,X-Ray Radiography ,030104 developmental biology ,Earth Sciences ,Particle Accelerators ,Bagasse ,ddc:600 ,Mathematics ,Synchrotrons ,Crop Science - Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse is a vast lignocellulosic byproduct generated in the industry with ~50% humidity (1 kg dry matter associated with 1 kg water). Although the presence of water brings deleterious consequences for combustion, storage and sugar extraction, the location of water in fresh bagasse remains unknown. In this work, we use synchrotron X-ray microtomography for non-invasive 3D imaging of fresh bagasse particles, which allows the visualization of intraparticle water. The sclerified fiber cells in the sheaths surrounding xylem vessels are often found full of water. We suggest this can be juice preserved from the native stalks as many sclerified fibers seem to keep their structural integrity despite the mechanical action during sugarcane crushing. The microtomograms of fresh bagasse also shows mineral particles adhered to biomass surfaces, with adhesion presumably favored by the presence of water. In summary, this work unveils the location of water in fresh bagasse, solving an old mystery of sugarcane technology.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Potential of a gypsum-free composting process of wheat straw for mushroom production
- Author
-
Baris Kilic, Pieter Vervoort, Harry Gruppen, Thibaut M.B. Mouthier, and Mirjam A. Kabel
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Glycobiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,010501 environmental sciences ,Xylose ,01 natural sciences ,Lignin ,Biochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Soil ,Plant Products ,lcsh:Science ,Glucans ,Mushroom ,Multidisciplinary ,Food Chemistry ,Chemistry ,Compost ,Organic Compounds ,Hydrolysis ,Monosaccharides ,Chemical Reactions ,Eukaryota ,Straw ,Agriculture ,Plants ,Pulp and paper industry ,Physical Sciences ,Wheat ,Research Article ,Gypsum ,Carbohydrates ,engineering.material ,Calcium Sulfate ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,Ammonia ,Polysaccharides ,010608 biotechnology ,Levensmiddelenchemie ,Life Science ,Grasses ,Cellulose ,VLAG ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,lcsh:R ,Organic Chemistry ,Chemical Compounds ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Xylan ,Agronomy ,engineering ,lcsh:Q ,Agaricales ,Crop Science - Abstract
Wheat straw based composting generates a selective substrate for mushroom production. The first phase of this process requires 5 days, and a reduction in time is wished. Here, we aim at understanding the effect of gypsum on the duration of the first phase and the mechanism behind it. Hereto, the regular process with gypsum addition and the same process without gypsum were studied during a 5-day period. The compost quality was evaluated based on compost lignin composition analysed by py-GC/MS and its degradability by a commercial (hemi-)cellulolytic enzyme cocktail. The composting phase lead to the decrease of the pyrolysis products 4-vinylphenol and 4-vinylguaiacol that can be associated with p-coumarates and ferulates linking xylan and lignin. In the regular compost, the enzymatic conversion reached 32 and 39% for cellulose, and 23 and 32% for xylan after 3 and 5 days, respectively. In absence of gypsum similar values were reached after 2 and 4 days, respectively. Thus, our data show that in absence of gypsum the desired compost quality was reached 20% earlier compared to the control process.
- Published
- 2017
33. "The Biological Yield and Harvest Index of Cereals as Agronomic and Plant Breeding Criteria" by C.M. Donald and J. Hamblin, Advances in Agronomy (1976) 28:361–405.
- Author
-
Sinclair, Thomas R.
- Subjects
PLANT breeding ,AGRONOMY ,SELECTION (Plant breeding) ,PLANT selection ,CROP science ,CROP yields ,HARVESTING - Abstract
This article is part of a series of brief commentaries to highlight papers that have resulted in important and distinctly new perspectives in crop science. A criterion for selection of papers is that they must have been published at least 20 yr ago to allow for a long‐range perspective in assessment of the papers. The current article briefly reviews the paper by C.M. Donald and J. Hamblin published in 1976 that provided original insights about the role of harvest index (defined by them as the ratio of economic yield to aboveground mass) in influencing crop yield. Donald and Hamblin reviewed experimental results showing that harvest index was relatively stable across variations in plant size, had high heritability, and was associated with high grain yield. Although their observations were confirmed in subsequent tests, inconsistent results in plant selection in breeding programs for high yield based on harvest index has discouraged the use of harvest index as a basis for selection. Nevertheless, high harvest index is now well ingrained as an essential plant characteristic for high crop yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Improved biogas production and biodegradation of oilseed rape straw by using kitchen waste and duck droppings as co-substrates in two-phase anaerobic digestion
- Author
-
Yong Lu, Feng Hong, Li Xianning, Chuqiao Wang, and Hengming Liu
- Subjects
Metabolic Processes ,Applied Microbiology ,Carboxylic Acids ,Biogas ,lcsh:Medicine ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Lignin ,Biochemistry ,Methane ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Plant Products ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Bioenergy ,Anaerobiosis ,lcsh:Science ,Multidisciplinary ,Organic Compounds ,Brassica rapa ,Straw ,Agriculture ,Pulp and paper industry ,Refuse Disposal ,Chemistry ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,Ducks ,Physical Sciences ,Biodegradation ,Engineering and Technology ,Research Article ,Biotechnology ,020209 energy ,Materials Science ,Fuels ,Microbiology ,Environmental Biotechnology ,Animals ,Cellulose ,Materials by Attribute ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Waste Products ,Bacteria ,Organic Chemistry ,lcsh:R ,Chemical Compounds ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Manure ,Agronomy ,Energy and Power ,Anaerobic digestion ,Metabolism ,chemistry ,Biofuels ,Fermentation ,lcsh:Q ,Propionic Acid ,Acids ,Crop Science - Abstract
Oilseed rape straw (ORS) is a kind of biorefractory waste widely existing in the rural area of China, which is highly suitable to mix with kitchen waste (KW) and duck droppings (DD) in two-phase anaerobic digestion (AD). This research introduced the importance of KW and DD addition to improve the biogas production and biodegradation of ORS. A set of comparative experiments were conducted on two-phase mono- and co-digestion with organic load of 60 g VS/L. The total methane yield (TMY) and the biodegradation of ORS of co-digestions were obviously improving, and the synergistic effect found in the two-phase co-digestions. The optimum mixing ratio of ORS, KW and DD was 50:40:10, and the corresponding TMY and VS degradation rate of ORS were 374.5 mL/g VS and 49.7%, respectively. Addition of KW and DD maintained the pH within the optimal range for the hydrolyzing-acidification, improved the phase separation and buffering capacity of AD system.
- Published
- 2017
35. Recipients of 2023 Editor's Citation for Excellence.
- Subjects
COVER crops ,BOTANY ,CROP science - Abstract
The editorial board of Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management has announced the recipients of the 2023 Editor's Citation for Excellence. These awards recognize the dedication and commitment of volunteer reviewers and editors who have contributed to the high standard and quality of papers published in the journal. The recipients were chosen based on their thorough and timely reviews or editing of manuscripts. Each recipient will receive a certificate of appreciation, a gift certificate, and recognition in CSA News magazine. The recipients include Dr. Thomas Butts, Dr. Murali Darapuneni, Dr. Adam Thoms, Harkirat Kaur, Dr. Michael Richardson, and Dr. Brett Rushing. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Re-invent Yourself! How Demands for Innovativeness Reshape Epistemic Practices.
- Author
-
Falkenberg, Ruth I.
- Subjects
EPISTEMICS ,RESEARCH ,INTERVIEWING ,SOIL science ,CROP science - Abstract
In the current research landscape, there are increasing demands for research to be innovative and cutting-edge. At the same time, concerns are voiced that as a consequence of neoliberal regimes of research governance, innovative research becomes impeded. In this paper, I suggest that to gain a better understanding of these dynamics, it is indispensable to scrutinise current demands for innovativeness as a distinct way of ascribing worth to research. Drawing on interviews and focus groups produced in a close collaboration with three research groups from the crop and soil sciences, I develop the notion of a project-innovation regime of valuation that can be traced in the sphere of research. In this evaluative framework, it is considered valuable to constantly re-invent oneself and take 'first steps' instead of 'just' following up on previous findings. Subsequently, I describe how these demands for innovativeness relate to and often clash with other regimes of valuation that matter for researchers' practices. I show that valuations of innovativeness are in many ways bound to those of productivity and competitiveness, but that these two regimes are nevertheless sometimes in tension with each other, creating a complicated double bind for researchers. Moreover, I highlight that also the project-innovation regime as such is not always in line with what researchers considered as a valuable progress of knowledge, especially because it entails a de-valuation of certain kinds of long-term epistemic agendas. I show that prevailing pushes for innovativeness seem to be based on a rather short-sighted temporal imaginary of scientific progress that is hardly grounded in the complex realities of research practices, and that they can reshape epistemic practices in potentially problematic ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Chapter One - Agroecological crop protection for sustainable agriculture.
- Author
-
Deguine, Jean-Philippe, Aubertot, Jean-Noël, Bellon, Stéphane, Côte, François, Lauri, Pierre-Eric, Lescourret, Françoise, Ratnadass, Alain, Scopel, Eric, Andrieu, Nadine, Bàrberi, Paolo, Becker, Nathalie, Bouyer, Jérémy, Brévault, Thierry, Cerdan, Claire, Cortesero, Anne-Marie, Dangles, Olivier, Delatte, Hélène, Phuong Thi Yen Dinh, Dreyer, Hans, and Duru, Michel
- Subjects
- *
SUSTAINABLE agriculture , *PEST control , *PLANT protection , *FOOD crops , *CROP science , *AGRICULTURE - Abstract
Crop losses from pests threaten global food security and safety. In the last six decades, pest control using chemical pesticides has resulted in important yield gains per unit area, worldwide. However, the long-term sustainability of chemical pest control has been increasingly thrown into doubt due to the negative impact on human health, biodiversity, and the environment. Consequently, there is an urgent need to improve the science of crop protection in order to tackle the five key challenges of 21st century agriculture holistically: (i) maintaining or improving agricultural productivity, (ii) producing healthy food, (iii) reducing the negative impacts of agriculture on ecosystem and human health, (iv) ensuring the economic viability of farms, and (v) adapting agriculture to climate change. Agroecological Crop Protection (ACP) can be a powerful approach to address these challenges, as we demonstrate in this paper. ACP is the application of the principles of agroecology to crop protection in order to promote virtuous and sustainable changes in agriculture and food systems. ACP combines multiple approaches and disciplines including ecology, agroecology, and Integrated Pest Management. It promotes a crop protection system compatible with healthy agricultural and food systems, agroecological principles and the "one health" approach. We predict that ACP will meet the challenge of pesticide-free agriculture in the future. In this paper, we will first present the scientific, agricultural and social components of ACP. We will then analyze the research approaches, questions, methods and tools needed to adopt ACP. Finally, we suggest key mechanisms to facilitate the transition to ACP, which will ultimately provide sustainable food, feed, and fuel in a context of major global change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Agar Sediment Test for Assessing the Suitability of Organic Waste Streams for Recovering Nutrients by the Aquatic Worm Lumbriculus variegatus
- Author
-
Hardy Temmink, Cees J.N. Buisman, B. Laarhoven, and H.J.H. Elissen
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Lumbriculus variegatus ,Food industry ,lcsh:Medicine ,Biomass ,Wastewater ,010501 environmental sciences ,Sludge ,01 natural sciences ,Nutrient ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Food Industry ,lcsh:Science ,Sedimentary Geology ,Multidisciplinary ,Ecology ,Hydrolysis ,Reproduction ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Chemical Reactions ,Geology ,Agriculture ,Plants ,Pulp and paper industry ,OT Acrres ,Chemistry ,Physical Sciences ,Wheat ,Milieutechnologie ,Biological Assay ,Research Article ,Chemical Elements ,Materials by Structure ,Materials Science ,Crops ,Biology ,Ammonia ,Animals ,Life Science ,Grasses ,Oligochaeta ,Petrology ,Nutrition ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,WIMEK ,business.industry ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,lcsh:R ,Organisms ,Chemical Compounds ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Proteins ,Sediment ,Biodegradable waste ,biology.organism_classification ,Animal Feed ,Diet ,Oxygen ,Agar ,Food ,Earth Sciences ,Environmental Technology ,lcsh:Q ,Water quality ,business ,Gels ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Crop Science ,Cereal Crops - Abstract
An agar sediment test was developed to evaluate the suitability of organic waste streams from the food industry for recovering nutrients by the aquatic worm Lumbriculus variegatus (Lv). The effects of agar gel, sand, and food quantities in the sediment test on worm growth, reproduction, and water quality were studied. Agar gel addition ameliorated growth conditions by reducing food hydrolysis and altering sediment structure. Best results for combined reproduction and growth were obtained with 0.6% agar-gel (20 ml), 10 g. fine sand, 40 g. coarse sand, and 105 mg fish food (Tetramin). With agar gel, ingestion and growth is more the result of addition of food in its original quality. Final tests with secondary potato starch sludge and wheat bran demonstrated that this test is appropriate for the comparison of solid feedstuffs and suspended organic waste streams. This test method is expected to be suitable for organic waste studies using other sediment dwelling invertebrates.
- Published
- 2016
39. Effect of Debagging Time on Pigment Patterns in the Peel and Sugar and Organic Acid Contents in the Pulp of 'Golden Delicious' and 'Qinguan' Apple Fruit at Mid and Late Stages of Development
- Author
-
Shujuan Jing, Juan Zhang, Chenjuan Jing, Yazhou Yang, Changqing Ma, Zhengyang Zhao, and Xiaobing Jiang
- Subjects
Chlorophyll ,Pigments ,0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Chloroplasts ,Time Factors ,lcsh:Medicine ,Plant Science ,Biochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Anthocyanins ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cultivar ,Food science ,lcsh:Science ,Flavor ,Multidisciplinary ,Organic Compounds ,Pulp (paper) ,Monosaccharides ,food and beverages ,Agriculture ,Plants ,Chemistry ,Organic Acids ,Malus ,visual_art ,Physical Sciences ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Cellular Structures and Organelles ,Cellular Types ,Citric acid ,Research Article ,Plant Cell Biology ,Materials Science ,Carbohydrates ,Color ,Crops ,Biology ,engineering.material ,Biosynthesis ,Citric Acid ,Fruits ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pigment ,Plant Cells ,Sugar ,Materials by Attribute ,Apples ,Organic Pigments ,Organic Chemistry ,fungi ,lcsh:R ,Organisms ,Chemical Compounds ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Cell Biology ,Pigments, Biological ,biology.organism_classification ,Carotenoids ,Glucose ,030104 developmental biology ,Food Storage ,chemistry ,Fruit ,Anthocyanin ,engineering ,lcsh:Q ,Acids ,Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
This study examined the effect of debagging time on color and flavor / taste compounds in the non-red apple cultivar 'Golden Delicious' and red cultivar 'Qinguan' at mid and late stages of fruit development. Debagging briefly improved the red color in both cultivars, the peel of 'Golden Delicious' presenting pale-pink hue. However, rapid anthocyanin accumulation occurred in apple peel at a specific time (after 179 days after flowering (DAF) in 'Qinguan') and was unaltered by debagging time in the red cultivar 'Qinguan'. Furthermore, untimely debagging had a detrimental effect on the content of anthocyanin. All sugars increased and organic acids decreased in apple pulp at mid to late stages of development. Bagging treatment reduced the content of most sugars and organic acids, as well as, the overall total. However, glucose and citric acid contents were higher in bagged fruit than non-bagged fruit; the maximum occurred in T7 treatment that was no-debagging at DAF 159 / 196 ('Golden delicious' / 'Qinguan'), i.e., 24.35 and 0.07 mg g-1 FW in 'Golden delicious', and 38.86 and 0.06 mg g-1 FW in 'Qinguan', respectively. In a word, bagging treatment can alter the pattern of peel color development in apple fruit; however, it remains difficult to alter the timing of rapid anthocyanin accumulation as it is regulated solely by development. Moreover, bagging treatment reduced the total accumulation of sugars and organic acids, and even the over total in pulp, but increased the glucose and citric acid contents in apple pulp.
- Published
- 2016
40. The Policy Dystopia Model: An Interpretive Analysis of Tobacco Industry Political Activity.
- Author
-
Ulucanlar, Selda, Fooks, Gary J., and Gilmore, Anna B.
- Subjects
DYSTOPIAS ,POLITICAL participation ,TOBACCO industry ,GROUNDED theory ,TAXONOMY - Abstract
Background: Tobacco industry interference has been identified as the greatest obstacle to the implementation of evidence-based measures to reduce tobacco use. Understanding and addressing industry interference in public health policy-making is therefore crucial. Existing conceptualisations of corporate political activity (CPA) are embedded in a business perspective and do not attend to CPA's social and public health costs; most have not drawn on the unique resource represented by internal tobacco industry documents. Building on this literature, including systematic reviews, we develop a critically informed conceptual model of tobacco industry political activity.Methods and Findings: We thematically analysed published papers included in two systematic reviews examining tobacco industry influence on taxation and marketing of tobacco; we included 45 of 46 papers in the former category and 20 of 48 papers in the latter (n = 65). We used a grounded theory approach to build taxonomies of "discursive" (argument-based) and "instrumental" (action-based) industry strategies and from these devised the Policy Dystopia Model, which shows that the industry, working through different constituencies, constructs a metanarrative to argue that proposed policies will lead to a dysfunctional future of policy failure and widely dispersed adverse social and economic consequences. Simultaneously, it uses diverse, interlocking insider and outsider instrumental strategies to disseminate this narrative and enhance its persuasiveness in order to secure its preferred policy outcomes. Limitations are that many papers were historical (some dating back to the 1970s) and focused on high-income regions.Conclusions: The model provides an evidence-based, accessible way of understanding diverse corporate political strategies. It should enable public health actors and officials to preempt these strategies and develop realistic assessments of the industry's claims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Moisture adsorption isotherms and quality of seeds stored in conventional packaging materials and hermetic Super Bag.
- Author
-
Bakhtavar, Muhammad Amir, Afzal, Irfan, and Basra, Shahzad Maqsood Ahmed
- Subjects
ADSORPTION (Chemistry) ,PACKAGING materials ,HUMIDITY ,MOISTURE ,GERMINATION - Abstract
Seed moisture content (SMC) is an important attribute to seed quality. Maintaining seed dryness throughout supply chain (The Dry Chain) prevents seed germination and quality losses. Ambient relative humidity (RH) and temperature affect seed moisture and thereof seed moisture isotherm. Present study was conducted to compare the moisture adsorption isotherms of wheat, maize, cotton and quinoa seeds packed in hermetic Super Bag and traditional packaging materials including paper, polypropylene (PP), jute and cloth bags. Seeds were incubated at 60, 70, 80 and 90% static RH. Nearly straight line moisture isotherms for all crop seeds were obtained in Super Bag. Seed moisture contents increased in traditional packaging materials with increasing RH. At higher level of RH, moisture contents increased slightly (1–2%) in Super Bag, whereas this increase was much higher in traditional packaging materials (≈9% higher than original SMC at 90% RH). In second study, seeds were dried to 8 and 14% initial seed moisture contents using zeolite drying beads and were stored in hermetic and conventional packaging materials for a period of 18 months. For all crop seeds, germination was severely affected in all packaging materials both at 8 and 14% initial SMC except storage in Super Bag at 8% SMC. Wheat seed stored in Super Bag at 8% SMC almost maintained initial germination while germination of cotton, maize and quinoa seeds declined 7%, 14% and 30% respectively in Super Bag at 8% SMC. Seed storage in Super Bag can help to prevent the significant increase in seed moisture at higher RH as is evident from moisture isotherm study, thus helps to preserve quality of maize, wheat, cotton and quinoa seeds by maintaining The Dry Chain throughout the storage period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. "Studies of the Uptake of Nitrate in Barley. I. Kinetics of 13NO3− Influx" by M.Y. Siddiqi, A.D.M. Glass, T.J. Ruth, and T.W. Rufty, Jr., Plant Physiology (1990) 93:1426–1432.
- Author
-
Sinclair, Thomas R.
- Subjects
PLANT physiology ,NITRATES ,BARLEY ,CROP science ,HORDEUM ,ANALYTICAL mechanics ,GLASS - Abstract
This article is part of a series of brief commentaries to highlight papers that have resulted in important and distinctly new perspectives in crop science. A criterion for selection of papers is that they must have been published at least 20 yr ago to allow for a long‐range perspective in assessment of the papers. The current article briefly reviews the paper by M.Y. Siddiqi, A.D.M. Glass, T.J. Ruth, and T.W. Rufty, Jr. published in 1990 that investigated the kinetics of nitrate influx by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings. Using 13NO3−, they documented the existence of two influx systems. One was inducible and nitrate influx saturated under low nitrate concentrations. The second was noninducible and expressed a linear increase in nitrate influx over high nitrate concentrations. Key transformative results from this study were the demonstration that both systems were under negative feedback control based on root nitrate concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Recipients of 2023 JPR Editor's Citation for Excellence named.
- Subjects
PLANT breeding ,CROPS ,SUSTAINABILITY ,AGRICULTURE ,CROP science ,WINTER wheat ,COMMON bean - Abstract
The Journal of Plant Registrations has announced the recipients of the 2023 Editor's Citation for Excellence. These awards recognize the dedication and professional commitment of volunteer reviewers and editors who have contributed to the high standard and quality of papers published in the journal. The recipients were nominated based on their thorough, competent, and timely reviews or editing of manuscripts. The recipients include Dr. Hussein Abdel-Haleem, a plant geneticist focusing on improving oilseeds and industrial crops; Dr. Mary Guttieri, a research geneticist specializing in hard winter wheat germplasm development; Dr. Jodi Scheffler, a cotton geneticist known for her breeding research; Dr. James Beaver, a retired professor with expertise in breeding common beans; Dr. Phil Miklas, a dry bean breeder and geneticist; and Dr. Paul White, a research leader studying sustainable sugarcane production. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
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44. Are unmanned aerial vehicle-based hyperspectral imaging and machine learning advancing crop science?
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Matese, Alessandro, Prince Czarnecki, Joby M., Samiappan, Sathishkumar, and Moorhead, Robert
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CROP science , *MACHINE learning , *LEAF area index , *BIOMASS estimation , *DRONE aircraft - Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicle-based hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and machine learning (ML) techniques are applied for crop field data collection such as yield, nitrogen content, leaf chlorophyll, biomass estimation, leaf area index (LAI), and biotic and abiotic stress. It is very difficult to identify with certainty best practices for specific applications and for targeted crop species because the results are frequently contradictory; models or indices sometimes perform well, but other times they do not. ML and HSI are useful and sophisticated techniques, but treating them as first-option methods may be detrimental in the long term. Favoring HSI in situations where a multispectral sensor performs equally well only delays end-user adoption of technology owing to cost and complexity. The past few years have seen increased interest in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and machine learning (ML) in agricultural research, concomitant with an increase in published research on these topics. We provide an updated review, written for agriculturalists, highlighting the benefits in the retrieval of biophysical parameters of crops via UAVs relative to less sophisticated options. We reviewed >70 recent papers and found few consistent results between similar studies. Owing to their high complexity and cost, especially when applied to crops of low value, the benefits of most of the research reviewed are difficult to explain. Future effort will be necessary to distill research findings into lower-cost options for end-users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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45. Experiences in Implementing an NSF/REU Site on Interdisciplinary Water Sciences and Engineering during 2007-13.
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Lohani, Vinod K.
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HYDROLOGY education ,ENVIRONMENTAL engineering ,LIFE science education ,CROP science ,CIVIL engineering education ,HIGHER education - Abstract
This paper summarizes the experiences of the author in implementing a successful NSF/REU Site on Interdisciplinary Water Sciences and Engineering for 6 years at Virginia Tech. The goal of the Site is to train REU fellows in water research using interdisciplinary projects. Site activities included: 1) 10-week long research projects supervised by faculty and graduate student mentors from five departments, 2) professional development activities including seminars and field trips, 3) training to communicate scientific information through research papers, YouTube videos and oral presentations, and 4) social and cultural activities for professional growth and bonding of REU fellows. Eleven faculty (6 women and 5 men) and their graduate students from diverse academic disciplines including engineering education, civil and environmental engineering, biological sciences, geosciences, and crop and soil environmental sciences directed REU fellows' research and two external experts assisted in program assessment. Fifty-six REU fellows, including 59% from minorities including women, from 40+ academic institutions all over the country graduated from this Site during the summers of 2007, 08, 09, 11, 12, and 13. Six Research Proceedings, one for each summer, and 40 publications document research findings of the Site. A summary of Site assessment activities and findings, tracking results of REU fellows' academic/professional career, and lessons learned are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
46. Effect of Water-Deficit Stress on Germination and Early Seedling Growth in Sugar Beet.
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Sadeghian, S.Y. and Yavari, N.
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SUGAR beets ,EFFECT of stress on plants ,GERMINATION ,SEEDLINGS ,PLANT growth ,CROP science - Abstract
Sugar beet progeny lines screened for both high water use efficiency and high sugar yield under drought stress conditions in the field were assessed for the rate of seed germination and early seedling growth in water deficit stress, induced by mannitol solutions. Seeds of nine different sugar beet progeny lines were grown in three experimental conditions using filter paper, perlite and water agar as substrate. Three levels of 0.0, 0.2 and 0.3 m mannitol concentrations were applied in each experiment. A factorial design was used with three replications. Germination percentage was determined in all experiments. Seedling growth parameters such as cotyledon fresh weight, cotyledon dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight (RDW) and root length (RL) were measured experimentally. Abnormality was only recorded in the filter paper experiment. The results showed that drought stress could be simulated by mannitol solution and significant differences were found between stress levels for seedling characteristics. Distinct genetic variances were found among progeny lines with respect to germination and early seedling growth characteristics, except for cotyledons and RDW. Seedling growth and germination rates severely declined at the highest concentration of mannitol. The rate of abnormality was increased progressively at the germination stage with an increase in mannitol concentration but it was more pronounced in the drought-susceptible progeny lines. The highest values of relative germination % and relative growth % of RL were obtained for the most tolerant line. In conclusion, seedling characteristics, in addition to other physiological components involved in the seed germination process under specific stress conditions, may be considered for breeding purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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47. Defining Ecosystem Assets for Natural Capital Accounting.
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Hein, Lars, Bagstad, Ken, Edens, Bram, Obst, Carl, de Jong, Rixt, and Lesschen, Jan Peter
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ECOSYSTEM management ,ENVIRONMENTAL auditing ,ENVIRONMENTAL economics ,NATURAL capital ,LITERATURE reviews - Abstract
In natural capital accounting, ecosystems are assets that provide ecosystem services to people. Assets can be measured using both physical and monetary units. In the international System of Environmental-Economic Accounting, ecosystem assets are generally valued on the basis of the net present value of the expected flow of ecosystem services. In this paper we argue that several additional conceptualisations of ecosystem assets are needed to understand ecosystems as assets, in support of ecosystem assessments, ecosystem accounting and ecosystem management. In particular, we define ecosystems’ capacity and capability to supply ecosystem services, as well as the potential supply of ecosystem services. Capacity relates to sustainable use levels of multiple ecosystem services, capability involves prioritising the use of one ecosystem service over a basket of services, and potential supply considers the ability of ecosystems to generate services regardless of demand for these services. We ground our definitions in the ecosystem services and accounting literature, and illustrate and compare the concepts of flow, capacity, capability, and potential supply with a range of conceptual and real-world examples drawn from case studies in Europe and North America. Our paper contributes to the development of measurement frameworks for natural capital to support environmental accounting and other assessment frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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48. ACS321 EDITORIAL POLICY COORDINATION COMMITTEE and A301 EDITORIAL AFFAIRS, POLICIES, AND PRACTICES COMMITTEE.
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Logsdon, Sally
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PERIODICAL editors ,EDITORIAL policies ,CROP science ,PERIODICALS ,PLANT genomes ,CONFERENCES & conventions - Published
- 2011
49. Yield-Stability Statistic for Selecting Widely Adapted Genotypes of Spring Wheat or Oat.
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Wiesław Mądry
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GENETIC polymorphisms ,PLANT genetics ,GENETIC research ,WHEAT ,OATS ,GENOTYPE-environment interaction ,CULTIVARS ,ENVIRONMENTAL indicators ,CROP science ,PLANT growth - Abstract
This paper deals with a statistical method for selecting widely adapted genotypes in a target region. Yield was the trait for adaptation analysis although different crop productivity traits could be used for this analysis. Wide adaptation of a genotype was defined as a norm of a trait response in a target region across years. On this norm, a genotype's wide adaptation is the response of a productivity trait at a level not lower than the mean of all genotypes (environmental index) in every location within a target region in every year. The aim of this paper was to present a primary experimental evidence that supports the hypothesis that Kang's yield-stability statistic (YS
i ) could be a sufficient selection index for selecting widely adapted genotypes. In these studies, real experimental data, obtained from a single year multilocation balanced series of yield trials of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) and oat (Avena sativa), are used. It has been proved that yield-stability statistic, YSi , could be a useful criterion in selecting spring cereal genotypes, evaluated in a series of variety trials repeated across locations and years, that would be most similar in yielding ability to the norm of wide adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]- Published
- 2003
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50. Flexible Strategies for Coping with Rainfall Variability: Seasonal Adjustments in Cropped Area in the Ganges Basin.
- Author
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Siderius, Christian, Biemans, Hester, van Walsum, Paul E. V., van Ierland, Ekko C., Kabat, Pavel, and Hellegers, Petra J. G. J.
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RAINFALL ,CLIMATE change ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,AGRICULTURAL statistics ,VEGETATION & climate - Abstract
One of the main manifestations of climate change will be increased rainfall variability. How to deal with this in agriculture will be a major societal challenge. In this paper we explore flexibility in land use, through deliberate seasonal adjustments in cropped area, as a specific strategy for coping with rainfall variability. Such adjustments are not incorporated in hydro-meteorological crop models commonly used for food security analyses. Our paper contributes to the literature by making a comprehensive model assessment of inter-annual variability in crop production, including both variations in crop yield and cropped area. The Ganges basin is used as a case study. First, we assessed the contribution of cropped area variability to overall variability in rice and wheat production by applying hierarchical partitioning on time-series of agricultural statistics. We then introduced cropped area as an endogenous decision variable in a hydro-economic optimization model (WaterWise), coupled to a hydrology-vegetation model (LPJmL), and analyzed to what extent its performance in the estimation of inter-annual variability in crop production improved. From the statistics, we found that in the period 1999–2009 seasonal adjustment in cropped area can explain almost 50% of variability in wheat production and 40% of variability in rice production in the Indian part of the Ganges basin. Our improved model was well capable of mimicking existing variability at different spatial aggregation levels, especially for wheat. The value of flexibility, i.e. the foregone costs of choosing not to crop in years when water is scarce, was quantified at 4% of gross margin of wheat in the Indian part of the Ganges basin and as high as 34% of gross margin of wheat in the drought-prone state of Rajasthan. We argue that flexibility in land use is an important coping strategy to rainfall variability in water stressed regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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