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Various epidemiological and biological evaluations and the recent publication of the DSM-V (diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders) has imposed on the scientific community a period of reflection on the diagnosis and treatment of what in the DSM-IV was defined as "addiction". To date, the term "addiction" has been replaced by the DSM-5, because there is no global scientific consensus that has unequivocally characterized its clinical characteristics. This, we will talk about substance/alcohol use disorders (SUDs/AUDs) and disorders related to behavioral alterations (DBA) that can generate organic diseases, mental disorders, and social problems. In the first psychotic episode 40-70% of subjects meet the criteria of a SUDs/AUDs, excluding tobacco dependence. Substances can not only be the cause of a psychotic onset, but they can also disrupt a psychotic picture or interfere with drug therapy. The pharmacodynamic profiles of many substances are able to provoke the phenomenology of the main psychotic symptoms in a way that can be superimposed onto those presented by psychotic subjects without a history of SUDs/AUDs. The Department of Addictions (DAs) must not be absorbed by or incorporated into the Departments of Mental Health (DMH), with which, however, precise operational cooperation protocols will have to be defined and maintained, but it will have to maintain its own autonomy and independent connotation. Addiction Medicine is a discipline that brings together elements of public health, prevention, internal medicine, clinical pharmacology, neurology, and even psychiatry. The inclusion of the DAs in those of DMH refers purely to a problem of pathology that has to do with lifestyle, choices, and behaviors. These, over time, show their dysfunctionality and only then do related problems emerge. Moreover, epidemiological, social, and clinical motivations impose the creation of alcohological teams dedicated to alcohol-related activities. The collaboration with self-help-groups (SHGs) is mandatory. The action of SHGs is accredited in numerous international recommendations both on the basis of consensus and evidence in the literature.

The JCCP has presented its response to the Government's first public consultation document with the aim of informing and determining the standard, type and content of the new practitioner licence [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of mathematical modeling to represent, analyze, make predictions or providing information on data obtained in drug research and development has made pharmacometrics an area of great prominence and importance. The main purpose of pharmacometrics is to provide information relevant to the search for efficacy and safety improvements in pharmacotherapy. Regulatory agencies have adopted pharmacometrics analysis to justify their regulatory decisions, making those decisions more efficient. Demand for specialists trained in the field is therefore growing. In this review, we describe the meaning, history, and development of pharmacometrics, analyzing the challenges faced in the training of professionals. Examples of applications in current use, perspectives for the future, and the importance of pharmacometrics for the development and growth of precision pharmacology are also presented., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Drug Information Association, Inc.)

[Display omitted] Extracellular vesicles (EV) are emergent therapeutic effectors that have reached clinical trial investigation. To translate EV-based therapeutic to clinic, the challenge is to demonstrate quality, safety, and efficacy, as required for any medicinal product. EV research translation into medicinal products is an exciting and challenging perspective. Recent papers, provide important guidance on regulatory aspects of pharmaceutical development, defining EVs for therapeutic applications and critical considerations for the development of potency tests. In addition, the ISEV Task Force on Regulatory Affairs and Clinical Use of EV-based Therapeutics as well as the Exosomes Committee from the ISCT are expected to contribute in an active way to the development of EV-based medicinal products by providing update on the scientific progress in EVs field, information to patients and expert resource network for regulatory bodies. The contribution of our work group "Extracellular Vesicle translatiOn to clinicaL perspectiVEs – EVOLVE France", created in 2020, can be positioned in complement to all these important initiatives. Based on complementary scientific, technical, and medical expertise, we provide EV-specific recommendations for manufacturing, quality control, analytics, non-clinical development, and clinical trials, according to current European legislation. We especially focus on early phase clinical trials concerning immediate needs in the field. The main contents of the investigational medicinal product dossier, marketing authorization applications, and critical guideline information are outlined for the transition from research to clinical development and ultimate market authorization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indicators have been proposed as critical elements for sustained climate assessment. Indicators provide a foundation for assessing change on an ongoing basis and presenting that information in a manner that is relevant to a broad range of decisions. As part of a sustained US National Climate Assessment, a pilot indicator system was implemented, informed by recommendations and (Kenney et al. 2014; Janetos and Kenney 2015; Kenney et al. Clim Chang 135(1):85–96, 2016). This paper extends this work to recommend a framework and topical categories for a system of climate indicators for the nation. We provide an overview of the indicator system as a whole: its goals, the design criteria for the indicators and the system as a whole, the selection of sectors, the use of conceptual models to transparently identify relevant indicators, examples of the actual indicators proposed, our vision for how the overall network can be used, and how it could evolve over time. Individual papers as part of this special issue provide system or sector-specific details as to how to operationalize the conceptual framework; these recommendations do not imply any decisions that are made ultimately by US federal agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the announcement by the administration of U.S. President Joe Biden that by the end of 2025, federal agencies must make papers that describe taxpayer-funded work freely available to the public as soon as the final peer-reviewed manuscript is published by a journal. Topics include the effort by officials to work out details of the policy, reaction from Heather Joseph of the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition, and the impact of the policy.

In December 2020 the ICA joined the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) as an associate member. As a community composed of businesses, government agencies, universities, and research organizations that work with geospatial data, the OCG is a resource to which software developers who work with geospatial data turn for guidance and advice. As such, it provides the ICA with an opportunity to reach a group of people who might not have had prior experience or background in cartography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using recent data on a cross-section of Swedish chemical and pulp and paper firms, this paper provides novel empirical insights into the Porter hypothesis. Well-designed environmental regulation can stimulate firms' innovative capabilities, while at the same time generating innovation offsets that may both offset net compliance costs and yield a competitive edge over those firms that are not affected by such regulations. In doing so, we also test the alleged effectiveness of regulatory time strategies in stimulating innovation activities of regulated firms. We find evidence for the effectiveness of such well-designed regulations: announced rather than existing regulation induces innovation and some innovation offsets. Our results imply that empirical tests of the Porter hypothesis that do not account for its dynamic nature, and that do not measure well-designed regulations, might provide misleading conclusions as to its validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the career development and workforce development in Australia. The Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs is tasked with overseeing policy developments including career development. The labour market programs and policies in the country failed to address the enhancement of wider human capital components. The Employment Skills Framework has been adopted by public employment service providers as a matching tool.

In the last decade there has been a significant increase in the literature discussing the use of benefit-risk methods in medical product (including devices) development. Government agencies, medical product industry groups, academia, and collaborative consortia have extensively discussed the advantages of structured benefit-risk assessments. However, the abundance of information has not resulted in a consistent way to utilize these findings in medical product development. Guidelines and papers on methods, even though well structured, have not led to a firm consensus on a clear and consistent approach. This paper summarizes the global landscape of benefit-risk considerations for product- or program-level decisions from available literature and regulatory guidance, providing the perspectives of three stakeholder groups-regulators, collaborative groups and consortia, and patients. The paper identifies key themes, potential impact on benefit-risk assessments, and significant future trends., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Scientometrics is a sub field of bibliometrics. Mapping of research outputs on Dyslexia: A Scientometric study during 2015-2019. There are 1677 research papers were contributed by 7623 authors during 2015 - 2019, Single authors have contributed 134 research papers and Triple authors have contributed 314 research papers. The author Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus have contributed 12 research papers, Average relative growth rate is 0.027 and doubling time is 13.227. Country wide, United states have contributed 398 research papers on Dyslexia occupy the first rank and India have contributed 13 research papers occupy the 20th rank, Preferred language of authors are found to be English 1639(97.73%) on Dyslexia research. The journal "Dyslexia "(Chichester, England) have contributed 134(7.99%) research papers occupy 1st rank. Prolific contributed institutions, First Rank occupied by Behavioral Science Institute the Netherlands have contributed 15 research papers, the degree of collaboration by Subramaniam formula the mean degree of collaboration is 0.920. shows that 92% of contributions are from collaborative authors. Dyslexia research shows remarkably low by India, it is necessary to give awareness to people on Dyslexia. The funding agencies and Government of India should take initiation to encourage the researchers to contribute more research papers on Dyslexia. The researchers should collaborate with other countries to enrich their knowledge on Dyslexia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the product of an ongoing research's preliminary results with app drivers and aims to discuss how the game of forces has occurred in the relationships established between companies, workers, regulatory bodies, and society. This exploratory qualitative study employed document analysis, a questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews with drivers linked to associations in Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. The analysis was conducted from a tripolar perspective based on the theoretical-methodological framework of Ergology and social life's micro and macroscopic spaces, encompassing the poles referring to human activity, the market, and politics. The results show a background of norms built on this work about the relationship with companies, passengers, and the drivers themselves, besides issues raised from the COVID-19 pandemic. We can conclude that it is necessary not to counteract technological evolution to achieve workers' rights and health. We should recall that no action aimed at ensuring the reconciliation of health, work, and rights will advance without relying on a fruitful and balanced trend between the three poles mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emergencies continue to become ever more complex; responding to them, therefore, often is beyond the capabilities and capacities of any single public agency. Hence, collaboration among these actors is necessary to prepare for, respond to, and recover from such events. This seldom occurs in an effective or efficient manner, however. Drawing on resource dependence theory and the concept of social capital, this paper reveals that different types of collaborative relationships exist within the collaborative network. Super Ministry Reform of Emergency Management in China serves as a case in point. By evaluating network efficiency and classifying the collaborative relationships of involved government agencies, four types are identified: resource-redundant; resource-complementary; resource-dependent; and resource-isolated. The different influences of collaborative relationships explain why the reform is not that effective, although it has led to the merger of several core departments in the emergency management network. The findings are a reminder to consider network structure and collaboration types when engaging in institutional design., (© 2021 The Authors Disasters © 2021 ODI.)

• Dynamic academic networks are introduced for predicting future influence of entities. • Every researcher or venue per year is treated as a separate entity. • Seven types of relations among papers, authors, and venues are extracted and used for prediction. • Both publication age and recent citations are considered for a balanced treatment of old and new papers. Performance evaluation and prediction of academic achievements is an essential task for scientists, research organizations, research funding bodies, and government agencies alike. Recently, heterogeneous networks have been used to evaluate or predict performance of multi-entities including papers, researchers, and venues with some success. However, only a minimum of effort has been made to predict the future influence of papers, researchers and venues. In this paper, we propose a new framework WMR-Rank for this purpose. Based on the dynamic and heterogeneous network of multiple entities, we extract seven types of relations among them. The framework supports useful features including the refined granularity of relevant entities such as authors and venues, time awareness for published papers and their citations, differentiating the contribution of multiple coauthors to the same paper, amongst others. By leveraging all seven types of relations and fusing the rich information in a mutually reinforcing style, we are able to predict future influence of papers, authors and venues more precisely. Using the ACL dataset, our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach considerably outperforms state-of-the art competitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most significant contributions to the study of regulation in recent years is the work of Ian Ayres and John Braithwaite, named "Responsive Regulation: Transcending the Deregulation Debate." This book uses a pyramid to represent the trajectory of interactions between the regulator and the regulatee. This pyramid represents the range of sanctions available to a regulatory agency to encourage compliance, and to respond to non-compliance when this occurs. However, despite its elegance and usefulness as a heuristic, the pyramid suffers from oversimplification. It reflects state regulatory action alone, and thereby fails to represent the activity of both regulated entities and third parties. Moreover, the pyramid fails to represent the interactive nature of regulatory life. This article builds upon the work of Ayres and Braithwaite by adding another dimension to their pyramid. The model proposed by the author incorporates the other institutions which comprise a regulatory system. These other institutions are the regulated entities themselves, their industry associations, and third parties, which include both public interest institutions and commercial actors.

Collaborative governance has emerged as a popular approach to address complex governance problems. In recent years, research within this tradition has studied the linkage between outputs—agreed upon courses of action and outcomes—and the impacts of those actions. Yet, collaborative arrangements ("collaboratives") are likely to vary depending on their context and policy domain, making it difficult to draw generalizable insights about the linkage between outputs and outcomes. Furthermore, as collaboratives change over time (e.g. by building capacities, gathering resources, and fostering participant engagement), the nature of their respective processes—and outputs—also evolves. We argue that the burgeoning research on collaborative evolution thus needs a way to not only theoretically organize but also to identify what, in practice, reflects collaborative evolution. Assuming that evolution—or change in the collaborative process dynamics—occurs across different milestones (e.g. each iteration of deliberation and planning, successes and failures of implementation, or the participant dynamics therein), we argue that outputs should reflect those changes over time. This study builds on collaborative evolution research by offering a series of propositions on how collaboratives change throughout different periods of their lifecycle. With semiautomated text analysis techniques, we examine how outputs change over time for 10 different regional collaborative planning processes. Specifically, our study focuses on how outputs from each region's planning process change between two time periods (2009–2011 and 2015–2017) in the state of Georgia. We observe temporal- and arrangement-specific variation in recommended actions and nominations of actors responsible for implementing such outputs. Our evaluation of commonly designed collaboratives convened by the State suggest that certain action types are associated with specific stages of the evolution of a collaborative, as well as case-specific dynamics that occur in individual collaboratives. La gobernanza colaborativa se ha convertido en un enfoque popular para abordar problemas complejos de gobernanza. Recientemente, investigaciones en esta tradición han estudiado los vínculos entre productos ("outputs", en Inglés)—entendidas como cursos de acción acordados entre las partes—y resultados ("outcomes", en Inglés), es decir, los impactos de esas acciones. Dado que los esquemas de gobernanza colaborativos pueden variar según su contexto y su área de trabajo, la generalización de resultados al estudiar el vínculo entre productos y resultados puede dificultarse. Además, a medida que las dinámicas de colaboración cambian con el tiempo (por ejemplo, mediante la creación de capacidades, la recopilación de recursos y cambios en las dinámicas de participación de los miembros), la naturaleza del proceso colaborativo, y sus dinámicas—y productos—también pueden cambiar. El creciente interés sobre la evolución de esquemas de gobernanza colaborativa necesita, por tanto, una forma no sólo de organizarse teóricamente, sino también de identificar los efectos de dicha evolución en la práctica. Suponiendo que la evolución, o el cambio en dinámicas del proceso colaborativo, ocurre a través de diferentes hitos (por ejemplo, nuevas instancias de deliberación y planificación, éxitos y fracasos de la implementación, o cambios en las dinámicas de participación), argumentamos que los productos generados por esquemas colaborativos deben reflejar esos cambios en el tiempo. Basándonos en la literatura sobre la evolución de esquemas de gobernanza colaborativa, ofrecemos una serie de proposiciones sobre cómo cambian las colaboraciones a lo largo de distintos períodos durante su ciclo de vida. Analizamos 10 procesos regionales de planificación colaborativa en el estado de Georgia (USA), aplicando técnicas de análisis de texto semiautomatizadas para examinar cómo cambian los productos de estos procesos a lo largo del tiempo. Nos enfocamos en cómo cambian los productos generados por cada proceso colaborativo en dos momentos (2009-2011 y 2015-2017). Los resultados demuestran la existencia de variaciones con respecto a las acciones recomendadas por cada producto y los actores mencionados a cargo implementar dichos productos. Ésto sugiere que ciertos tipos de acciones están asociadas a etapas específicas en la evolución de un esquema colaborativo, así como también la presencia de ciertas acciones presentes en algunos esquemas particulares. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The skies above America have been increasingly inundated with small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) operated by both government agencies and civilians alike. The majority of these drones are manufactured by Da-Jiang Innovations (DJI), a Chinese company that continues to emerge as a national security threat. The risk posed by these drones stems not only from physical access to American airspace, but also from the surreptitious transmittal of information back behind the "Great Firewall of China" via DJI mobile device applications. However, current pending legislation is inadequate to effectively counter this threat. Instead, the United States should take a more comprehensive approach - use existing laws to deny DJI access to U.S. airspace, develop new legislation to curtail access to sensitive information in cyberspace, and take measures to counter consumer reliance on foreign sUAS by investing in the American drone manufacturing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]