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2. Improving Student Reading. Idea Paper No. 26.
- Author
-
Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Center for Faculty Evaluation and Development in Higher Education., Maleki, Razieh B., and Heerman, Charles E.
- Abstract
This paper focuses on methods to improve the reading abilities of college students. A list of five elements college instructors (who are not reading specialists) should establish in a content reading agenda is offered; (1) an instructional basis for the reading process which will work for them; (2) content literacy environments; (3) insights into the skill level characteristics of readers; (4) working relationships with the campus reading program; and (5) inclusion of reading strategies in their content instruction. Stating that students must know the purpose of the course and understand what is to be done with the information provided through lectures and textbook reading assignments to successfully interact with the text, the paper offers methods of establishing the five elements suggested. Also addressed are the unique challenges of social science, mathematical, and scientific reading instruction. The paper concludes with a brief summary and suggestions for collaboration between the content specialist and the reading staff. (Contains 55 references.) (CR)
- Published
- 1992
3. Trajectories of Powerful Knowledge and Epistemic Quality: Analysing the Transformations from Disciplines across School Subjects
- Author
-
Hudson, Brian, Gericke, Niklas, Olin-Scheller, Christina, and Stolare, Martin
- Abstract
This paper outlines the development of a comparative research framework in subject didactics and applies this in the process of analysing the transformations from academic disciplines across different school subjects. The theoretical framework builds on the concepts of 'powerful knowledge' and 'transformation' and 'epistemic quality' within which transformation processes from the classroom to the societal level are considered as 'trajectories of powerful knowledge and epistemic quality'. The framework is used to analyse the findings from recent empirical studies across school subjects that have been reported on in publications arising from the Knowledge and Quality across School Subjects and Teacher Education (KOSS) network. The paper then focuses on analysing the transformations from disciplines across school subjects, given that the first boundary in defining powerful knowledge concerns knowledge that is specialized in both how it is produced and transmitted. To analyse this boundary, the findings from the empirical studies are grouped into broad subject categories. These are then compared with the corresponding disciplines by using the widely cited Biglan classification scheme of academic disciplines in higher education. Finally, we consider the implications for curriculum planning and teacher education policy and reflect on the concept of subject-specific educational content knowledge (SSECK).
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. A Transdisciplinary Approach to Teaching Citizen Science in a Primary Classroom
- Author
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Haggerty, Bernadette, Paige, Kathryn, and O'Keeffe, Lisa
- Abstract
This paper reports on a transdisciplinary approach to science with a Year 4/5 class incorporating citizen science through the Birds in Backyards project. This transdisciplinary approach created opportunities for student engagement through science, mathematics, design and technology, humanities and social sciences (HASS), arts and English, while also creating meaningful connections to nature and the local environment.
- Published
- 2023
5. The Use of Electronic Scholarly Journals: Models of Analysis and Data Drawn from the Project Muse Experience at Johns Hopkins University.
- Author
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Neal, James G.
- Abstract
This paper outlines a series of quantitative and qualitative models for understanding and evaluating the use of electronic scholarly journals, and summarizes data based on the experience of Project Muse at Johns Hopkins University and early feedback received from subscribing libraries. Project Muse is a collaborative initiative between the Press and the libraries at Johns Hopkins University to provide network-based access to scholarly journals including titles in the humanities, social sciences and mathematics. Project Muse has been produced from the outset for usability, with a focus on user-centered features. This has evolved as a participative and interactive process, soliciting input and feedback from users, and integrating user guidance components into the system. Six models of use analysis are discussed in this paper which cover both the macro or library-level and the micro or individual user-level activity: (1) subscribing organizations; (2) subscriber behaviors; (3) user demography; (4) user behaviors; (5) user satisfaction; and (6) user impact. Project Muse's success will ultimately be determined by its support for the electronic scholarly publishing objectives outlined in the Association of Research Libraries/Association of American Universities (ARL/AAU) work. (AEF)
- Published
- 1997
6. Partner choice correlates with fine scale kin structuring in the paper wasp Polistes dominula
- Author
-
Paul J. Parsons, Jeremy Field, and Lena Grinsted
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Topography ,Heredity ,Wasps ,NERC ,Social Sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Nesting Behavior ,Habits ,Nest ,Psychology ,Inbreeding ,Islands ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Behavior, Animal ,biology ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all) ,Eusociality ,Spring ,Databases as Topic ,Physical Sciences ,NE/M003191/1 ,Medicine ,Female ,Seasons ,Research Article ,Statistical Distributions ,Kin recognition ,Permutation ,Science ,Population ,Cuticular Hydrocarbons ,Insect Physiology ,Polistes dominula ,NE/K00655X/1 ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Nesting Habits ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetics ,Animal Physiology ,Animals ,Social Behavior ,education ,General ,Invertebrate Physiology ,Paper wasp ,Evolutionary Biology ,Behavior ,Landforms ,Population Biology ,Discrete Mathematics ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all) ,Biology and Life Sciences ,RCUK ,Geomorphology ,Probability Theory ,biology.organism_classification ,Statistical Dispersion ,030104 developmental biology ,Natal homing ,Combinatorics ,Evolutionary biology ,Earth Sciences ,Philopatry ,Zoology ,Entomology ,Population Genetics ,Mathematics - Abstract
Cooperation among kin is common in animal societies. Kin groups may form by individuals directly discriminating relatives based on kin recognition cues, or form passively through natal philopatry and limited dispersal. We describe the genetic landscape for a primitively eusocial wasp, Polistes dominula, and ask whether individuals choose cooperative partners that are nearby and/or that are genetic relatives. Firstly, we genotyped an entire sub-population of 1361 wasps and found genetic structuring on an extremely fine scale: the probability of finding genetic relatives decreases exponentially within just a few meters of an individual’s nest. At the same time, however, we found a lack of genetic structuring between natural nest aggregations within the population. Secondly, in a separate dataset where ~2000 wasps were genotyped, we show that wasps forced experimentally to make a new nest choice tended to choose new nests near to their original nests, and that these nests tended to contain some full sisters. However, a significant fraction of wasps chose nests that did not contain sisters, despite sisters being present in nearby nests. Although we cannot rule out a role for direct kin recognition or natal nest-mate recognition, our data suggest that kin groups may form via a philopatric rule-of-thumb, whereby wasps simply select groups and nesting sites that are nearby. The result is that most subordinate helpers obtain indirect fitness benefits by breeding cooperatively.
- Published
- 2019
7. Social and content aware One-Class recommendation of papers in scientific social networks.
- Author
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Wang, Gang, He, XiRan, and Ishuga, Carolyne Isigi
- Subjects
INFORMATION technology ,SOCIAL networks ,SPARSE graphs ,HYBRID computers (Computer architecture) ,HYBRID power systems - Abstract
With the rapid development of information technology, scientific social networks (SSNs) have become the fastest and most convenient way for researchers to communicate with each other. Many published papers are shared via SSNs every day, resulting in the problem of information overload. How to appropriately recommend personalized and highly valuable papers for researchers is becoming more urgent. However, when recommending papers in SSNs, only a small amount of positive instances are available, leaving a vast amount of unlabelled data, in which negative instances and potential unseen positive instances are mixed together, which naturally belongs to One-Class Collaborative Filtering (OCCF) problem. Therefore, considering the extreme data imbalance and data sparsity of this OCCF problem, a hybrid approach of Social and Content aware One-class Recommendation of Papers in SSNs, termed SCORP, is proposed in this study. Unlike previous approaches recommended to address the OCCF problem, social information, which has been proved playing a significant role in performing recommendations in many domains, is applied in both the profiling of content-based filtering and the collaborative filtering to achieve superior recommendations. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed SCORP approach, a real-life dataset from CiteULike was employed. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is superior to all of the compared approaches, thus providing a more effective method for recommending papers in SSNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Those Who Can, Teach.
- Author
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California State Univ., Fullerton., Barnes, Carol P., and Goodhue-McWilliams, Kenneth
- Abstract
Much of what teachers know about how to teach and how to conceptualize specific academic content is learned from their undergraduate professors. In 1990, California State University, Fullerton, received a grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE), Project Teach, to improve the quality of instruction which prospective elementary school teachers experience in undergraduate academic coursework. Project Teach has engaged junior and senior faculty from three schools at the University (Human Development and Community Service, Humanities and Social Science, and Natural Science and Mathematics) in a discussion of effective teaching and of the relationship of their own teaching to the preparation of teachers. In this monograph, participants representing such diverse fields as child development, elementary education, health, physical education and recreation, psychology, English, political science, linguistics, anthropology, mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology explain their views of the teaching process through the use of metaphors and describe teaching strategies found to be effective in their own classes. (LL)
- Published
- 1992
9. Variation in Valuation: How Research Groups Accumulate Credibility in Four Epistemic Cultures
- Author
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Hessels, Laurens K., Franssen, Thomas, Scholten, Wout, and de Rijcke, Sarah
- Abstract
This paper aims to explore disciplinary variation in valuation practices by comparing the way research groups accumulate credibility across four epistemic cultures. Our analysis is based on case studies of four high-performing research groups representing very different epistemic cultures in humanities, social sciences, geosciences and mathematics. In each case we interviewed about ten researchers, analyzed relevant documents and observed a couple of meetings. In all four cases we found a cyclical process of accumulating credibility. At the same time, we found significant differences in the manifestation of the six main resources that are part of the cycle, the mechanisms of conversion between these resources, the overall structure and the average speed of the credibility cycle. The different ways in which the groups use data and produce arguments affect the whole cycle of accumulating credibility. In some cultures, journal publications are the main source of recognition, but in others one can earn significant amounts of recognition for conference contributions or service to the academic community. Moreover, the collaboration practices in the respective fields strongly influence the connection between arguments and publications. In cultures where teams of researchers collaboratively produce arguments, it is more strongly embedded in the process of writing publications. We conclude that the credibility cycle can only be used as an analytical tool to explain the behavior of researchers or research groups when taking differences across epistemic cultures into account.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Disadvantages in preparing and publishing scientific papers caused by the dominance of the English language in science: The case of Colombian researchers in biological sciences
- Author
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Valeria Ramírez-Castañeda
- Subjects
Science and Technology Workforce ,Economics ,Writing ,Social Sciences ,lcsh:Medicine ,Multilingualism ,Careers in Research ,Mathematical and Statistical Techniques ,Learning and Memory ,Salaries ,Science communication ,Psychology ,Salary ,lcsh:Science ,media_common ,Language ,Grammar ,Principal Component Analysis ,Multidisciplinary ,Impact factor ,Publications ,Statistics ,Public relations ,Research Personnel ,Professions ,Publishing ,Physical Sciences ,Medicine ,Periodicals as Topic ,Research Article ,Science Policy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Science ,English grammar ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Biological Science Disciplines ,Human Learning ,Political science ,Humans ,Learning ,Statistical Methods ,Scientific Publishing ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Linguistics ,Reading comprehension ,Labor Economics ,People and Places ,Multivariate Analysis ,Cognitive Science ,Scientists ,Population Groupings ,lcsh:Q ,business ,Mathematics ,Neuroscience - Abstract
The success of a scientist depends on their production of scientific papers and the impact factor of the journal in which they publish. Because most major scientific journals are published in English, success is related to publishing in this language. Currently, 98% of publications in science are written in English, including researchers from English as a Foreign Language (EFL) countries. Colombia is among the countries with the lowest English proficiency in the world. Thus, understanding the disadvantages that Colombians face in publishing is crucial to reducing global inequality in science. This paper quantifies the disadvantages that result from the language hegemony in scientific publishing by examining the additional costs that communicating in English creates in the production of articles. It was identified that more than 90% of the scientific articles published by Colombian researchers are in English, and that publishing in a second language creates additional financial costs to Colombian doctoral students and results in problems with reading comprehension, writing ease and time, and anxiety. Rejection or revision of their articles because of the English grammar was reported by 43.5% of the doctoral students, and 33% elected not to attend international conferences and meetings due to the mandatory use of English in oral presentations. Finally, among the translation/editing services reviewed, the cost per article is between one-quarter and one-half of a doctoral monthly salary in Colombia. Of particular note, we identified a positive correlation between English proficiency and higher socioeconomic origin of the researcher. Overall, this study exhibits the negative consequences of hegemony of English that preserves the global gap in science. Although having a common language is important for science communication, generating multilinguistic alternatives would promote diversity while conserving a communication channel. Such an effort should come from different actors and should not fall solely on EFL researchers.
- Published
- 2020
11. Physics driven behavioural clustering of free-falling paper shapes.
- Author
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Howison, Toby, Hughes, Josie, Giardina, Fabio, and Iida, Fumiya
- Subjects
- *
PHYSICS , *SET functions , *MACHINE learning , *PHENOMENOLOGICAL theory (Physics) , *CONTINUUM mechanics - Abstract
Many complex physical systems exhibit a rich variety of discrete behavioural modes. Often, the system complexity limits the applicability of standard modelling tools. Hence, understanding the underlying physics of different behaviours and distinguishing between them is challenging. Although traditional machine learning techniques could predict and classify behaviour well, typically they do not provide any meaningful insight into the underlying physics of the system. In this paper we present a novel method for extracting physically meaningful clusters of discrete behaviour from limited experimental observations. This method obtains a set of physically plausible functions that both facilitate behavioural clustering and aid in system understanding. We demonstrate the approach on the V-shaped falling paper system, a new falling paper type system that exhibits four distinct behavioural modes depending on a few morphological parameters. Using just 49 experimental observations, the method discovered a set of candidate functions that distinguish behaviours with an error of 2.04%, while also aiding insight into the physical phenomena driving each behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. The contribution of cause-effect link to representing the core of scientific paper—The role of Semantic Link Network.
- Author
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Cao, Mengyun, Sun, Xiaoping, and Zhuge, Hai
- Subjects
- *
COMPLEXITY (Philosophy) , *CAUSATION (Philosophy) , *SEMANTICS , *RESEARCH , *PHILOSOPHY - Abstract
The Semantic Link Network is a general semantic model for modeling the structure and the evolution of complex systems. Various semantic links play different roles in rendering the semantics of complex system. One of the basic semantic links represents cause-effect relation, which plays an important role in representation and understanding. This paper verifies the role of the Semantic Link Network in representing the core of text by investigating the contribution of cause-effect link to representing the core of scientific papers. Research carries out with the following steps: (1) Two propositions on the contribution of cause-effect link in rendering the core of paper are proposed and verified through a statistical survey, which shows that the sentences on cause-effect links cover about 65% of key words within each paper on average. (2) An algorithm based on syntactic patterns is designed for automatically extracting cause-effect link from scientific papers, which recalls about 70% of manually annotated cause-effect links on average, indicating that the result adapts to the scale of data sets. (3) The effects of cause-effect link on four schemes of incorporating cause-effect link into the existing instances of the Semantic Link Network for enhancing the summarization of scientific papers are investigated. The experiments show that the quality of the summaries is significantly improved, which verifies the role of semantic links. The significance of this research lies in two aspects: (1) it verifies that the Semantic Link Network connects the important concepts to render the core of text; and, (2) it provides an evidence for realizing content services such as summarization, recommendation and question answering based on the Semantic Link Network, and it can inspire relevant research on content computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Do altmetrics correlate with the quality of papers? A large-scale empirical study based on F1000Prime data.
- Author
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Bornmann, Lutz and Haunschild, Robin
- Subjects
- *
MULTIPLE correspondence analysis (Statistics) , *ALTMETRICS , *CITATION analysis , *BIBLIOMETRICS , *EMPIRICAL research - Abstract
In this study, we address the question whether (and to what extent, respectively) altmetrics are related to the scientific quality of papers (as measured by peer assessments). Only a few studies have previously investigated the relationship between altmetrics and assessments by peers. In the first step, we analyse the underlying dimensions of measurement for traditional metrics (citation counts) and altmetrics–by using principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA). In the second step, we test the relationship between the dimensions and quality of papers (as measured by the post-publication peer-review system of F1000Prime assessments)–using regression analysis. The results of the PCA and FA show that altmetrics operate along different dimensions, whereas Mendeley counts are related to citation counts, and tweets form a separate dimension. The results of the regression analysis indicate that citation-based metrics and readership counts are significantly more related to quality, than tweets. This result on the one hand questions the use of Twitter counts for research evaluation purposes and on the other hand indicates potential use of Mendeley reader counts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Information presentation through a head-worn display (“smart glasses”) has a smaller influence on the temporal structure of gait variability during dual-task gait compared to handheld displays (paper-based system and smartphone).
- Author
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Sedighi, Alireza, Ulman, Sophia M., and Nussbaum, Maury A.
- Subjects
- *
GAIT in humans , *MOTOR ability , *PHYSICAL activity , *STANDARD deviations , *ENTROPY - Abstract
The need to complete multiple tasks concurrently is a common occurrence both daily life and in occupational activities, which can often include simultaneous cognitive and physical demands. As one example, there is increasing availability of head-worn display technologies that can be employed when a user is mobile (e.g., while walking). This new method of information presentation may, however, introduce risks of adverse outcomes such as a decrement to gait performance. The goal of this study was thus to quantify the effects of a head-worn display (i.e., smart glasses) on motor variability during gait and to compare these effects with those of other common information displays (i.e., smartphone and paper-based system). Twenty participants completed four walking conditions, as a single task and in three dual-task conditions (three information displays). In the dual-task conditions, the information display was used to present several cognitive tasks. Three different measures were used to quantify variability in gait parameters for each walking condition (using the cycle-to-cycle standard deviation, sample entropy, and the “goal-equivalent manifold” approach). Our results indicated that participants used less adaptable gait strategies in dual-task walking using the paper-based system and smartphone conditions compared with single-task walking. Gait performance, however, was less affected during dual-task walking with the smart glasses. We conclude that the risk of an adverse gait event (e.g., a fall) in head-down walking conditions (i.e., the paper-based system and smartphone conditions) were higher than in single-task walking, and that head-worn displays might help reduce the risk of such events during dual-task gait conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Graduate School Choice: An Examination of Individual and Institutional Effects
- Author
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English, David Judson
- Abstract
While significant scholarly attention focuses on the development and testing of theoretically grounded models of the college choice process at the undergraduate level, far less research explores the area of graduate school enrollments. Graduate school choice, which is defined for the purposes of this paper as the decision to pursue any post-baccalaureate degree program at the masters, doctoral-research, or doctoral-professional practice level, is shaped and determined by a number of individual and organizational level characteristics. The relative influence and predictive power of these variables in modeling graduate school choice behaviors is of significant theoretical and practical interest, given the role graduate education plays in access to certain career paths, career levels, and lifetime earnings. This paper addresses a gap in the literature by advancing a conceptual framework of graduate school choice derived from the work of Perna (2006), drawing significantly from human capital theory and incorporating the salient concepts of cultural and social capital. The methodology employed is a set of generalized hierarchical linear models in which students are nested within undergraduate institutions. The dependent variables of interest were graduate school aspiration, application, and enrollment. The dataset analyzed was the 2000/01 Baccalaureate & Beyond Longitudinal Study (B&B:00/01). The nationally representative B&B:00/01 study is comprised of approximately 10,000 students who received a baccalaureate degree from one of the over 1,000 institutions sampled between July 1, 1999 and June 30, 2001. In this study, individuals most likely to aspire to, apply for, and enroll in graduate school were dependent students who obtained high undergraduate grade point averages, majored in the humanities, social or behavioral sciences, mathematics, or life and physical sciences, and attended a master's or doctoral institution. This study also found that, when controlling for all other variables in the models, African-America and Hispanic students are more likely to engage in the graduate school choice process than white students. A key variable of interest, undergraduate indebtedness, does not affect graduate school choice, when accounting for all other variables in the model. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
- Published
- 2012
16. Partner choice correlates with fine scale kin structuring in the paper wasp Polistes dominula.
- Author
-
Parsons, Paul John, Grinsted, Lena, and Field, Jeremy
- Subjects
- *
PHILOPATRY , *WASPS , *ANIMAL societies , *PHYSIOLOGY , *NESTS , *BIRD breeding - Abstract
Cooperation among kin is common in animal societies. Kin groups may form by individuals directly discriminating relatives based on kin recognition cues, or form passively through natal philopatry and limited dispersal. We describe the genetic landscape for a primitively eusocial wasp, Polistes dominula, and ask whether individuals choose cooperative partners that are nearby and/or that are genetic relatives. Firstly, we genotyped an entire sub-population of 1361 wasps and found genetic structuring on an extremely fine scale: the probability of finding genetic relatives decreases exponentially within just a few meters of an individual’s nest. At the same time, however, we found a lack of genetic structuring between natural nest aggregations within the population. Secondly, in a separate dataset where ~2000 wasps were genotyped, we show that wasps forced experimentally to make a new nest choice tended to choose new nests near to their original nests, and that these nests tended to contain some full sisters. However, a significant fraction of wasps chose nests that did not contain sisters, despite sisters being present in nearby nests. Although we cannot rule out a role for direct kin recognition or natal nest-mate recognition, our data suggest that kin groups may form via a philopatric rule-of-thumb, whereby wasps simply select groups and nesting sites that are nearby. The result is that most subordinate helpers obtain indirect fitness benefits by breeding cooperatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. The contribution of cause-effect link to representing the core of scientific paper—The role of Semantic Link Network
- Author
-
Xiaoping Sun, Mengyun Cao, and Hai Zhuge
- Subjects
Semantic link ,Computer and Information Sciences ,Lexical semantics ,Computer science ,Science ,lcsh:Medicine ,Social Sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Semantic data model ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Systems Science ,Automation ,Sociology ,020204 information systems ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Question answering ,Psychology ,Syntax ,lcsh:Science ,Data Curation ,Language ,Grammar ,Multidisciplinary ,Information retrieval ,Applied Mathematics ,Simulation and Modeling ,Research ,lcsh:R ,Publications ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Linguistics ,Complex Systems ,Reasoning ,Automatic summarization ,Semantics ,Lexical Semantics ,Social Networks ,Physical Sciences ,Cognitive Science ,lcsh:Q ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Mathematics ,Algorithms ,Network Analysis ,Research Article ,Neuroscience - Abstract
The Semantic Link Network is a general semantic model for modeling the structure and the evolution of complex systems. Various semantic links play different roles in rendering the semantics of complex system. One of the basic semantic links represents cause-effect relation, which plays an important role in representation and understanding. This paper verifies the role of the Semantic Link Network in representing the core of text by investigating the contribution of cause-effect link to representing the core of scientific papers. Research carries out with the following steps: (1) Two propositions on the contribution of cause-effect link in rendering the core of paper are proposed and verified through a statistical survey, which shows that the sentences on cause-effect links cover about 65% of key words within each paper on average. (2) An algorithm based on syntactic patterns is designed for automatically extracting cause-effect link from scientific papers, which recalls about 70% of manually annotated cause-effect links on average, indicating that the result adapts to the scale of data sets. (3) The effects of cause-effect link on four schemes of incorporating cause-effect link into the existing instances of the Semantic Link Network for enhancing the summarization of scientific papers are investigated. The experiments show that the quality of the summaries is significantly improved, which verifies the role of semantic links. The significance of this research lies in two aspects: (1) it verifies that the Semantic Link Network connects the important concepts to render the core of text; and, (2) it provides an evidence for realizing content services such as summarization, recommendation and question answering based on the Semantic Link Network, and it can inspire relevant research on content computing.
- Published
- 2018
18. Do altmetrics correlate with the quality of papers? A large-scale empirical study based on F1000Prime data
- Author
-
Lutz Bornmann and Robin Haunschild
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Research Quality Assessment ,Social Sciences ,lcsh:Medicine ,Empirical Research ,Mathematical and Statistical Techniques ,Empirical research ,Sociology ,Citation analysis ,Statistics ,Digital Libraries (cs.DL) ,Dimension (data warehouse) ,lcsh:Science ,Mathematics ,Principal Component Analysis ,Multidisciplinary ,05 social sciences ,Social Communication ,Computer Science - Digital Libraries ,Regression analysis ,Research Assessment ,Social Networks ,Physical Sciences ,Citation Analysis ,Principal component analysis ,Regression Analysis ,Journal Impact Factor ,050904 information & library sciences ,Factor Analysis ,Statistics (Mathematics) ,Network Analysis ,Research Article ,Computer and Information Sciences ,Twitter ,Bibliometrics ,Research and Analysis Methods ,050905 science studies ,Peer Group ,Humans ,Statistical Methods ,Altmetrics ,lcsh:R ,Communications ,Multivariate Analysis ,lcsh:Q ,0509 other social sciences ,Citation ,Social Media - Abstract
In this study, we address the question whether (and to what extent, respectively) altmetrics are related to the scientific quality of papers (as measured by peer assessments). Only a few studies have previously investigated the relationship between altmetrics and assessments by peers. In the first step, we analyse the underlying dimensions of measurement for traditional metrics (citation counts) and altmetrics - by using principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA). In the second step, we test the relationship between the dimensions and quality of papers (as measured by the post-publication peer-review system of F1000Prime assessments) - using regression analysis. The results of the PCA and FA show that altmetrics operate along different dimensions, whereas Mendeley counts are related to citation counts, and tweets form a separate dimension. The results of the regression analysis indicate that citation-based metrics and readership counts are significantly more related to quality, than tweets. This result on the one hand questions the use of Twitter counts for research evaluation purposes and on the other hand indicates potential use of Mendeley reader counts.
- Published
- 2018
19. A collaborative approach for research paper recommender system.
- Author
-
Haruna, Khalid, Akmar Ismail, Maizatul, Damiasih, Damiasih, Sutopo, Joko, and Herawan, Tutut
- Subjects
- *
CITATION analysis , *SCIENCE & state , *SOCIAL network analysis , *SOCIAL networks , *COMPUTER networks - Abstract
Research paper recommenders emerged over the last decade to ease finding publications relating to researchers’ area of interest. The challenge was not just to provide researchers with very rich publications at any time, any place and in any form but to also offer the right publication to the right researcher in the right way. Several approaches exist in handling paper recommender systems. However, these approaches assumed the availability of the whole contents of the recommending papers to be freely accessible, which is not always true due to factors such as copyright restrictions. This paper presents a collaborative approach for research paper recommender system. By leveraging the advantages of collaborative filtering approach, we utilize the publicly available contextual metadata to infer the hidden associations that exist between research papers in order to personalize recommendations. The novelty of our proposed approach is that it provides personalized recommendations regardless of the research field and regardless of the user’s expertise. Using a publicly available dataset, our proposed approach has recorded a significant improvement over other baseline methods in measuring both the overall performance and the ability to return relevant and useful publications at the top of the recommendation list. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Evaluation of university scientific research ability based on the output of sci-tech papers: A D-AHP approach.
- Author
-
Zong, Fan and Wang, Lifang
- Subjects
- *
SCIENTIFIC ability , *PSYCHOMETRICS , *PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY , *UNIVERSITY research - Abstract
University scientific research ability is an important indicator to express the strength of universities. In this paper, the evaluation of university scientific research ability is investigated based on the output of sci-tech papers. Four university alliances from North America, UK, Australia, and China, are selected as the case study of the university scientific research evaluation. Data coming from Thomson Reuters InCites are collected to support the evaluation. The work has contributed new framework to the issue of university scientific research ability evaluation. At first, we have established a hierarchical structure to show the factors that impact the evaluation of university scientific research ability. Then, a new MCDM method called D-AHP model is used to implement the evaluation and ranking of different university alliances, in which a data-driven approach is proposed to automatically generate the D numbers preference relations. Next, a sensitivity analysis has been given to show the impact of weights of factors and sub-factors on the evaluation result. At last, the results obtained by using different methods are compared and discussed to verify the effectiveness and reasonability of this study, and some suggestions are given to promote China’s scientific research ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Graduate School Choice: An Examination of Individual and Institutional Effects
- Author
-
English, David and Umbach, Paul D.
- Abstract
Using the 2000/01 Baccalaureate & Beyond Longitudinal Study (B&B:00/01), this paper employs multilevel modeling to test a conceptual model of graduate school choice that draws significantly from human capital theory while incorporating the salient concepts of cultural and social capital. The model posits that the graduate school choice process is comprised of three nested phases. First, an individual develops an aspiration for graduate-level education; next, the student submits applications to graduate schools, and thirdly, the student enrolls in a graduate program. Dependent students who obtained high undergraduate grade point averages majored in the humanities, social or behavioral sciences, mathematics, or life and physical sciences, and attended a master's or doctoral institution were most likely to aspire to, apply for, and enroll in graduate school. This study also found that, when controlling for all other variables in the models, Hispanic students are more likely to aspire to and apply for graduate school, and African-American students are more likely to aspire to, apply for, and enroll in graduate school than white students. A key variable of interest, undergraduate indebtedness, does not affect graduate school choice when accounting for all other variables in the model.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Social and content aware One-Class recommendation of papers in scientific social networks
- Author
-
Carolyne Isigi Ishuga, XiRan He, and Gang Wang
- Subjects
Optimization ,Computer and Information Sciences ,Computer science ,Science ,Emotions ,lcsh:Medicine ,Social Sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Social Networking ,Mathematical and Statistical Techniques ,Sociology ,020204 information systems ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Collaborative filtering ,Profiling (information science) ,Humans ,Statistical Methods ,Computer Networks ,Cooperative Behavior ,lcsh:Science ,Internet ,Multidisciplinary ,Social Research ,Social network ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,Simulation and Modeling ,lcsh:R ,Publications ,Information technology ,Social Communication ,Data science ,Communications ,Social research ,Social Networks ,Social system ,Physical Sciences ,lcsh:Q ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,The Internet ,business ,Information Technology ,Network Analysis ,Mathematics ,Statistics (Mathematics) ,Algorithms ,Research Article ,Forecasting - Abstract
With the rapid development of information technology, scientific social networks (SSNs) have become the fastest and most convenient way for researchers to communicate with each other. Many published papers are shared via SSNs every day, resulting in the problem of information overload. How to appropriately recommend personalized and highly valuable papers for researchers is becoming more urgent. However, when recommending papers in SSNs, only a small amount of positive instances are available, leaving a vast amount of unlabelled data, in which negative instances and potential unseen positive instances are mixed together, which naturally belongs to One-Class Collaborative Filtering (OCCF) problem. Therefore, considering the extreme data imbalance and data sparsity of this OCCF problem, a hybrid approach of Social and Content aware One-class Recommendation of Papers in SSNs, termed SCORP, is proposed in this study. Unlike previous approaches recommended to address the OCCF problem, social information, which has been proved playing a significant role in performing recommendations in many domains, is applied in both the profiling of content-based filtering and the collaborative filtering to achieve superior recommendations. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed SCORP approach, a real-life dataset from CiteULike was employed. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is superior to all of the compared approaches, thus providing a more effective method for recommending papers in SSNs.
- Published
- 2017
23. Evaluation of university scientific research ability based on the output of sci-tech papers: A D-AHP approach
- Author
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Fan Zong and Lifang Wang
- Subjects
Computer science ,Research Quality Assessment ,Social Sciences ,Analytic hierarchy process ,lcsh:Medicine ,02 engineering and technology ,Geographical Locations ,Governments ,Citation analysis ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Psychology ,lcsh:Science ,Multidisciplinary ,Management science ,Publications ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,Research Assessment ,Built Structures ,Multiple-criteria decision analysis ,Preference ,Work (electrical) ,Behavioral Pharmacology ,Scientific method ,Physical Sciences ,Engineering and Technology ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Research Article ,China ,Asia ,Universities ,Psychometrics ,Structural Engineering ,Science ,Political Science ,Oceania ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Pharmacology ,Structure (mathematical logic) ,Models, Statistical ,Research ,lcsh:R ,Australia ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Algebra ,Linear Algebra ,People and Places ,lcsh:Q ,Eigenvectors ,0503 education ,Mathematics - Abstract
University scientific research ability is an important indicator to express the strength of universities. In this paper, the evaluation of university scientific research ability is investigated based on the output of sci-tech papers. Four university alliances from North America, UK, Australia, and China, are selected as the case study of the university scientific research evaluation. Data coming from Thomson Reuters InCites are collected to support the evaluation. The work has contributed new framework to the issue of university scientific research ability evaluation. At first, we have established a hierarchical structure to show the factors that impact the evaluation of university scientific research ability. Then, a new MCDM method called D-AHP model is used to implement the evaluation and ranking of different university alliances, in which a data-driven approach is proposed to automatically generate the D numbers preference relations. Next, a sensitivity analysis has been given to show the impact of weights of factors and sub-factors on the evaluation result. At last, the results obtained by using different methods are compared and discussed to verify the effectiveness and reasonability of this study, and some suggestions are given to promote China’s scientific research ability.
- Published
- 2017
24. Genealogical Trees of Scientific Papers.
- Author
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Waumans, Michaël Charles and Bersini, Hugues
- Subjects
- *
GENEALOGY , *SCIENCE databases , *CITATION analysis , *EVOLUTIONARY algorithms , *SOCIAL networks - Abstract
Many results have been obtained when studying scientific papers citations databases in a network perspective. Articles can be ranked according to their current in-degree and their future popularity or citation counts can even be predicted. The dynamical properties of such networks and the observation of the time evolution of their nodes started more recently. This work adopts an evolutionary perspective and proposes an original algorithm for the construction of genealogical trees of scientific papers on the basis of their citation count evolution in time. The fitness of a paper now amounts to its in-degree growing trend and a “dying” paper will suddenly see this trend declining in time. It will give birth and be taken over by some of its most prevalent citing “offspring”. Practically, this might be used to trace the successive published milestones of a research field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Occurrence mechanism and coping paths of accidents of highly aggregated tourist crowds based on system dynamics.
- Author
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Yin, Jie, Zheng, Xiang-min, and Tsaur, Ruey-Chyn
- Subjects
SYSTEM dynamics ,CROWDS ,ACCIDENTS ,TOURISTS ,FILTER paper - Abstract
The safety of highly aggregated tourist crowds is a challenging and important issue. This paper not only provided a comprehensive analysis of the accidents of highly aggregated tourist crowds but also determined the occurrence mechanism and coping paths. Based on the analysis of multiple cases, we found that the variable status of highly aggregated tourist crowds was the result of the interaction of three main elements: multisource pressure, state mutations and management responses. A series of factors interact and result in accidents, and the lack of a management response or a low-quality management response is the root cause of such accidents. A high-quality management response is a basic safety precaution for highly aggregated tourist crowds. Therefore, forming a virtuous circle of multisource pressure, state mutations and management responses is an effective path for coping with accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Explanatory Practice in Family Studies.
- Author
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Sprey, Jetse
- Abstract
Presents a case for a more flexible and realistic explanatory practice in the family studies field, discussing descriptive, conceptual, and theoretical approaches. Discusses the phenomenon of explanation itself, and adopts ideas from the domains of the philosophy of science, mathematics, and related social sciences. (JPS)
- Published
- 1995
27. Detecting trends in academic research from a citation network using network representation learning.
- Author
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Asatani, Kimitaka, Mori, Junichiro, Ochi, Masanao, and Sakata, Ichiro
- Subjects
CITATION networks ,EDUCATION research ,INFORMATION retrieval ,ALTERNATIVE fuels ,LINEAR algebra - Abstract
Several network features and information retrieval methods have been proposed to elucidate the structure of citation networks and to detect important nodes. However, it is difficult to retrieve information related to trends in an academic field and to detect cutting-edge areas from the citation network. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that detects the trend as the growth direction of a citation network using network representation learning(NRL). We presume that the linear growth of citation network in latent space obtained by NRL is the result of the iterative edge additional process of a citation network. On APS datasets and papers of some domains of the Web of Science, we confirm the existence of trends by observing that an academic field grows in a specific direction linearly in latent space. Next, we calculate each node’s degree of trend-following as an indicator called the intrinsic publication year (IPY). As a result, there is a correlation between the indicator and the number of future citations. Furthermore, a word frequently used in the abstracts of cutting-edge papers (high-IPY paper) is likely to be used often in future publications. These results confirm the validity of the detected trend for predicting citation network growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. And, not or: Quality, quantity in scientific publishing.
- Author
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Michalska-Smith, Matthew J. and Allesina, Stefano
- Subjects
SCIENCE publishing ,PRINTING properties of paper ,SCIENCE periodical publishing ,SENSORY perception - Abstract
Scientists often perceive a trade-off between quantity and quality in scientific publishing: finite amounts of time and effort can be spent to produce few high-quality papers or subdivided to produce many papers of lower quality. Despite this perception, previous studies have indicated the opposite relationship, in which productivity (publishing more papers) is associated with increased paper quality (usually measured by citation accumulation). We examine this question in a novel way, comparing members of the National Academy of Sciences with themselves across years, and using a much larger dataset than previously analyzed. We find that a member’s most highly cited paper in a given year has more citations in more productive years than in in less productive years. Their lowest cited paper each year, on the other hand, has fewer citations in more productive years. To disentangle the effect of the underlying distributions of citations and productivities, we repeat the analysis for hypothetical publication records generated by scrambling each author’s citation counts among their publications. Surprisingly, these artificial histories re-create the above trends almost exactly. Put another way, the observed positive relationship between quantity and quality can be interpreted as a consequence of randomly drawing citation counts for each publication: more productive years yield higher-cited papers because they have more chances to draw a large value. This suggests that citation counts, and the rewards that have come to be associated with them, may be more stochastic than previously appreciated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. The Importance of Chronology in Teaching History.
- Author
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Baker, Jim
- Abstract
Maintains that partnering history and social studies with mathematics, science, and language arts provides opportunities for relevant and meaningful history. Argues that chronology is the single most important unifying factor in history. Asserts that teachers must engage students in the why and how of history. (CFR)
- Published
- 1995
30. Citation Metrics: A Primer on How (Not) to Normalize.
- Author
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Ioannidis, John P. A., Boyack, Kevin, and Wouters, Paul F.
- Subjects
CITATION indexes ,CITATION analysis ,PUBLISHED articles ,PERIODICAL circulation ,SCIENTOMETRICS ,STATISTICAL methods in information science - Abstract
Citation metrics are increasingly used to appraise published research. One challenge is whether and how to normalize these metrics to account for differences across scientific fields, age (year of publication), type of document, database coverage, and other factors. We discuss the pros and cons for normalizations using different approaches. Additional challenges emerge when citation metrics need to be combined across multiple papers to appraise the corpus of scientists, institutions, journals, or countries, as well as when trying to attribute credit in multiauthored papers. Different citation metrics may offer complementary insights, but one should carefully consider the assumptions that underlie their calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Basic color categories and Mandarin Chinese color terms.
- Author
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Sun, Vincent C. and Chen, Chien-Chung
- Subjects
COLOR vision ,CHINESE color prints ,COLORED paper ,TOUCH screens ,MULTIPLE correspondence analysis (Statistics) - Abstract
Basic color terms used in Mandarin Chinese have been controversial since first discussed by Berlin and Kay in 1969. Previous studies showed much inconsistency on what should be considered as basic color terms in Mandarin Chinese. In the present study, we investigated categories of color rather than merely the color terms used by Taiwanese native Mandarin speakers. Using samples conforming to the Berlin and Kay survey, various colors were chosen from a collection of Natural Color System (NCS) colored papers and mounted on a piece of neutral gray card. The card was then mounted on a touch-screen, under D65 illumination. Thirty-two single-character color related Mandarin terms were selected from a Chinese character database according to frequency of use. Participants were required to select the color sample that matched the term by pressing a virtual button on the touch screen. The results show that certain terms can be directly correlated to basic color terms in English, comparable with the results of Berlin and Kay’s original study and those that followed. However, some terms, such as Mo (墨 ink), Tie (鐵 iron), and Cai (菜vegetable), show a wide spread of term maps and inconsistent use among subjects. Principle component analysis (PCA) procedures were used to analysis the commodity of data among subjects. The findings suggest that the basic color categories among Mandarin Chinese speakers are similar to those found in the World Color Survey (WCS), but are represented by wide-spread and inconsistent color terms among speakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Early Adolescent Competencies. 1979 Study. Report of the Early Adolescent Education Association of Illinois.
- Author
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Early Adolescent Education Association of Illinois, Urbana. and Sweat, Clifford H.
- Abstract
Designed to encourage debate, discussion, and, eventually, evaluation of the minimum competency testing movement, this book examines academic, physical, social, aesthetic, and vocational competencies that are basic to the development of the early adolescent. The first of six chapters, Early Adolescent Competencies, raises issues facing schools for early adolescents. Chapter 2, Academic Competency and the Early Adolescent, was prepared by teachers or consultants who work in junior high/middle schools and presents specific competencies to be required of students in language arts, social science, and mathematics. The third chapter, Cultural Competencies for the Early Adolescent, discusses three basic areas of cultural competencies to be developed within the early adolescent: awareness, participation, and appreciation. A brief resume of physical competencies a student should reach by the end of the eighth grade or prior to entering high school is presented in chapter 4. Focusing on social competencies, chapter 5 lists social skills needed by the young adolescent to participate as a responsible and contributing member in a free democratic society. The final chapter reviews (1) the career education curriculum requirements for Illinois, (2) the evolution of career education, (3) vocational development needs of junior high/middle school students, and (4) career development competencies. (LRA)
- Published
- 1979
33. Hybrid self-optimized clustering model based on citation links and textual features to detect research topics.
- Author
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Yu, Dejian, Wang, Wanru, Zhang, Shuai, Zhang, Wenyu, and Liu, Rongyu
- Subjects
SELF-organizing systems ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,DOCUMENT clustering ,DATA envelopment analysis ,BIBLIOGRAPHIC coupling - Abstract
The challenge of detecting research topics in a specific research field has attracted attention from researchers in the bibliometrics community. In this study, to solve two problems of clustering papers, i.e., the influence of different distributions of citation links and involved textual features on similarity computation, the authors propose a hybrid self-optimized clustering model to detect research topics by extending the hybrid clustering model to identify “core documents”. First, the Amsler network, consisting of bibliographic coupling and co-citation links, is created to calculate the citation-based similarity based on the cosine angle of papers. Second, the cosine similarity is also used to compute the text-based similarity, which consists of the textual statistical and topological features. Then, the cosine angle of the linear combination of citation- and text-based similarity is considered as the hybrid similarity. Finally, the Louvain method is applied to cluster papers, and the terms based on term frequency are used to label clusters. To test the performance of the proposed model, a dataset related to the data envelopment analysis field is used for comparison and analysis of clustering results. Based on the benchmark built, different clustering methods with different citation links or textual features are compared according to evaluation measures. The results show that the proposed model can obtain reasonable and effective clustering results, and the research topics of data envelopment analysis field are also analyzed based on the proposed model. As different features are considered in the proposed model compared with previous hybrid clustering models, the proposed clustering model can provide inspiration for further studies on topic identification by other researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Racism and health service utilisation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
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Ben, Jehonathan, Cormack, Donna, Harris, Ricci, and Paradies, Yin
- Subjects
RACISM ,MEDICAL care use ,PATIENT satisfaction ,MEDICAL communication ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,META-analysis - Abstract
Although racism has been posited as driver of racial/ethnic inequities in healthcare, the relationship between racism and health service use and experience has yet to be systematically reviewed or meta-analysed. This paper presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative empirical studies that report associations between self-reported racism and various measures of healthcare service utilisation. Data were reviewed and extracted from 83 papers reporting 70 studies. Studies included 250,850 participants and were conducted predominately in the U.S. The meta-analysis included 59 papers reporting 52 studies, which were analysed using random effects models and mean weighted effect sizes. Racism was associated with more negative patient experiences of health services (HSU-E) (OR = 0.351 (95% CI [0.236,0.521], k = 19), including lower levels of healthcare-related trust, satisfaction, and communication. Racism was not associated with health service use (HSU-U) as an outcome group, and was not associated with most individual HSU-U outcomes, including having had examinations, health service visits and admissions to health professionals and services. Racism was associated with health service use outcomes such as delaying/not getting healthcare, and lack of adherence to treatment uptake, although these effects may be influenced by a small sample of studies, and publication bias, respectively. Limitations to the literature reviewed in terms of study designs, sampling methods and measurements are discussed along with suggested future directions in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Exploring the role of interdisciplinarity in physics: Success, talent and luck.
- Author
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Pluchino, Alessandro, Burgio, Giulio, Rapisarda, Andrea, Biondo, Alessio Emanuele, Pulvirenti, Alfredo, Ferro, Alfredo, and Giorgino, Toni
- Subjects
FORTUNE ,PHYSICS ,SCIENCE & state ,OCCUPATIONAL achievement ,ABILITY - Abstract
Although interdisciplinarity is often touted as a necessity for modern research, the evidence on the relative impact of sectorial versus to interdisciplinary science is qualitative at best. In this paper we leverage the bibliographic data set of the American Physical Society to quantify the role of interdisciplinarity in physics, and that of talent and luck in achieving success in scientific careers. We analyze a period of 30 years (1980-2009) tagging papers and their authors by means of the Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme (PACS), to show that some degree of interdisciplinarity is quite helpful to reach success, measured as a proxy of either the number of articles or the citations score. We also propose an agent-based model of the publication-reputation-citation dynamics which reproduces the trends observed in the APS data set. On the one hand, the results highlight the crucial role of randomness and serendipity in real scientific research; on the other, they shed light on a counterintuitive effect indicating that the most talented authors are not necessarily the most successful ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Preliminary Specifications of Content for Instruction in Subject-Area Vocabulary. Technical Note.
- Author
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Southwest Regional Laboratory for Educational Research and Development, Los Alamitos, CA. and Cronnell, Bruce
- Abstract
The steps taken in compiling lists of technical terms for use in vocabulary instruction in the six subject areas of communication skills, science, music, social science, mathematics, and art are specified in this paper. The steps outlined included selecting words from both teacher and student textbooks at the kindergarten through grade six levels; limiting the number of terms to those at the average grade level for which they were found; grouping the words for each subject area, first into major categories and then into subcategories; and adding terms when needed to complete a conceptually related set. Appendixes contain the lists for each subject area and summaries of the frequencies of terms in each area. (FL)
- Published
- 1977
37. Teaching about Values and Ethics.
- Author
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Association of American Colleges, Washington, DC. and Brown, Peggy
- Abstract
Approaches used by colleges and universities to implement values clarification and inquiry, moral education and development, and normative and applied ethics into the curriculum are examined, along with the way that the schools are defining values education in terms of their own students and mission. In "Values in the Curriculum," Edward A. Langerak describes some of the objectives of values education, including consciousness-raising and moral training. It is suggested that faculty members do not need to agree on these objectives in order to successfully team-teach an interdisciplinary values course. In "Students' Developing Views of Pluralism in Knowledge and Value," William G. Perry, Jr. suggests that one difficulty in teaching values is that students may move into the stage of their moral development in which they suddenly realize the pluralism of values, and this realization causes them to resist making decisions or value judgments. Perry labels this stage as "absolute personalism" because students express the view that "anything goes" and refuse to see any opinion as better than another. He based his nine-position intellectual and ethical developmental scheme on the results of interviews with Harvard and Radcliffe students between 1954 and 1963. Descriptions are provided on the following university programs: Liberal Arts Clusters at Syracuse University, New York; Values Throughout the Curriculum at Alverno College, Wisconsin; The Center for Philosophy and Public Policy at the University of Maryland; Decision Making and Evaluation at Rollins College, Florida; Moral Development in Values Courses, Siena Heights College, Michigan; and Ethical Concerns and the Helping Professions, The Ohio State University. Brief descriptions of additional programs and a list of resources are included. (SW)
- Published
- 1982
38. Educational Opportunities for Blacks in the Sciences, 1955-1980: An Assessment of the Impact of the 1954 Supreme Court Decision.
- Author
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Williams, Luther S.
- Abstract
Presents data on the numbers of minority group holders of doctoral degrees. Emphasizes the need to train more Blacks and minority group individuals in scientific and technological fields in order to prepare them for effective participation in an industrialized, rapidly changing, technological society. (Author/GC)
- Published
- 1981
39. Is bilingualism losing its advantage? A bibliometric approach.
- Author
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Sanchez-Azanza, Victor A., López-Penadés, Raúl, Buil-Legaz, Lucía, Aguilar-Mediavilla, Eva, and Adrover-Roig, Daniel
- Subjects
BILINGUALISM ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,IMPACT factor (Citation analysis) ,NEUROSCIENCES ,MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
This study uses several bibliometric indices to explore the temporal course of publication trends regarding the bilingual advantage in executive control over a ten-year window. These indices include the number of published papers, numbers of citations, and the journal impact factor. According to the information available in their abstracts, studies were classified into one of four categories: supporting, ambiguous towards, not mentioning, or challenging the bilingual advantage. Results show that the number of papers challenging the bilingual advantage increased notably in 2014 and 2015. Both the average impact factor and the accumulated citations as of June 2016 were equivalent between categories. However, of the studies published in 2014, those that challenge the bilingual advantage accumulated more citations in June 2016 than those supporting it. Our findings offer evidence-based bibliometric information about the current state of the literature and suggest a change in publication trends regarding the literature on the bilingual advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Mathematics and the social sciences at the time of the modern beginnings of the social sciences
- Author
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Senn, Peter
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Researchers’ Individual Publication Rate Has Not Increased in a Century.
- Author
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Fanelli, Daniele and Larivière, Vincent
- Subjects
SCIENTISTS ,CHEMICAL biology ,SCIENCE & state ,LINEAR statistical models ,LABOR economics ,INFORMATION technology - Abstract
Debates over the pros and cons of a “publish or perish” philosophy have inflamed academia for at least half a century. Growing concerns, in particular, are expressed for policies that reward “quantity” at the expense of “quality,” because these might prompt scientists to unduly multiply their publications by fractioning (“salami slicing”), duplicating, rushing, simplifying, or even fabricating their results. To assess the reasonableness of these concerns, we analyzed publication patterns of over 40,000 researchers that, between the years 1900 and 2013, have published two or more papers within 15 years, in any of the disciplines covered by the Web of Science. The total number of papers published by researchers during their early career period (first fifteen years) has increased in recent decades, but so has their average number of co-authors. If we take the latter factor into account, by measuring productivity fractionally or by only counting papers published as first author, we observe no increase in productivity throughout the century. Even after the 1980s, adjusted productivity has not increased for most disciplines and countries. These results are robust to methodological choices and are actually conservative with respect to the hypothesis that publication rates are growing. Therefore, the widespread belief that pressures to publish are causing the scientific literature to be flooded with salami-sliced, trivial, incomplete, duplicated, plagiarized and false results is likely to be incorrect or at least exaggerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. On the possibility of quantitative‐mathematical social science, chiefly economics : Some preliminary considerations
- Author
-
Drechsler, Wolfgang
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Application-aware deadline constraint job scheduling mechanism on large-scale computational grid.
- Author
-
Tang, Xiaoyong and Liao, Xiaoyi
- Subjects
PRODUCTION scheduling ,GRID computing ,COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics ,ANT algorithms ,GENETIC algorithms - Abstract
Recently, computational Grids have proven to be a good solution for processing large-scale, computation intensive problems. However, the heterogeneity, dynamics of resources and diversity of applications requirements have always been important factors affecting their performance. In response to these challenges, this work first builds a Grid job scheduling architecture that can dynamically monitor Grid computing center resources and make corresponding scheduling decisions. Second, a Grid job model is proposed to describe the application requirements. Third, this paper studies the characteristics of commercial interconnection networks used in Grids and forecast job transmission time. Fourth, this paper proposes an application-aware job scheduling mechanism (AJSM) that includes periodic scheduling flow and a heuristic application-aware deadline constraint job scheduling algorithm. The rigorous performance evaluation results clearly demonstrate that the proposed application-aware job scheduling mechanism can successful schedule more Grid jobs than the existing algorithms. For successful scheduled jobs, our proposed AJSM method is the best algorithm for job average processing time and makespan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Misconduct, Marginality and Editorial Practices in Management, Business and Economics Journals.
- Author
-
Karabag, Solmaz Filiz and Berggren, Christian
- Subjects
BUSINESS periodicals ,ECONOMIC periodicals ,SOCIAL sciences ,SCIENCE & state ,DATA analysis - Abstract
Objectives: The paper presents data on the two problems of misconduct and marginality in management, business and economics (MBE) journals and their practices to combat these problems. Design: Data was collected in three phases. First, all publicly retracted papers in MBE journals were identified through keywords searches in 7 major databases (n = 1329 journals). Second, a focused survey was distributed to editors involved in such retractions (n = 64; response rate = 28%). Finally, a survey was administered to all active journals in the seven databases to collect data on editors’ perceptions and practices related to the two problems (n = 937, response rate = 31.8%). Frequency analyses, cross tabulations, and qualitative analyses of open answers were used to examine the data. Results: 184 retracted papers in MBE journals were identified in 2005–2015 (no retraction was found before 2005). From 2005–2007 to 2012–2015, the number of retractions increased by a factor ten with an all-time high in 2015. The survey to journals with reported retractions illustrates how already a few cases of suspected misconduct put a strain on the editorial workload. The survey to all active journals revealed that 42% of the respondents had started to use software to screen all submitted papers, and that a majority recognized the problem of marginality, as indicated by salami-style submissions. According to some editors, reviewers easily spot such submissions whereas others argued that authors may submit thinly sliced papers in parallel to several journals, which means that this practice is only discovered post-publication. The survey question on ways to support creative contributions stimulated a rich response of ideas regarding editorial vision, engaged boards and developmental approaches. The study uses data from three specialized fields, but its findings may be highly relevant to many journals in the social sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Short-Range Forecasting of COVID-19 During Early Onset at County, Health District, and State Geographic Levels Using Seven Methods: Comparative Forecasting Study
- Author
-
Christopher J. Lynch and Ross Gore
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,020205 medical informatics ,infectious disease ,State Health Plans ,emerging outbreak ,Public policy ,Health Informatics ,forecasting ,02 engineering and technology ,lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,03 medical and health sciences ,coronavirus disease 2019 ,0302 clinical medicine ,modeling and simulation ,Moving average ,Residence Characteristics ,Statistics ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,medicine ,Range (statistics) ,Disease Transmission, Infectious ,Humans ,Autoregressive–moving-average model ,modeling disease outbreaks ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Autoregressive integrated moving average ,Pandemics ,health care economics and organizations ,Mathematics ,Original Paper ,Local Government ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Public health ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Exponential smoothing ,public health ,Virginia ,COVID-19 ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,social sciences ,Early Diagnosis ,Autoregressive model ,Communicable Disease Control ,lcsh:R858-859.7 - Abstract
Background Forecasting methods rely on trends and averages of prior observations to forecast COVID-19 case counts. COVID-19 forecasts have received much media attention, and numerous platforms have been created to inform the public. However, forecasting effectiveness varies by geographic scope and is affected by changing assumptions in behaviors and preventative measures in response to the pandemic. Due to time requirements for developing a COVID-19 vaccine, evidence is needed to inform short-term forecasting method selection at county, health district, and state levels. Objective COVID-19 forecasts keep the public informed and contribute to public policy. As such, proper understanding of forecasting purposes and outcomes is needed to advance knowledge of health statistics for policy makers and the public. Using publicly available real-time data provided online, we aimed to evaluate the performance of seven forecasting methods utilized to forecast cumulative COVID-19 case counts. Forecasts were evaluated based on how well they forecast 1, 3, and 7 days forward when utilizing 1-, 3-, 7-, or all prior–day cumulative case counts during early virus onset. This study provides an objective evaluation of the forecasting methods to identify forecasting model assumptions that contribute to lower error in forecasting COVID-19 cumulative case growth. This information benefits professionals, decision makers, and the public relying on the data provided by short-term case count estimates at varied geographic levels. Methods We created 1-, 3-, and 7-day forecasts at the county, health district, and state levels using (1) a naïve approach, (2) Holt-Winters (HW) exponential smoothing, (3) a growth rate approach, (4) a moving average (MA) approach, (5) an autoregressive (AR) approach, (6) an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) approach, and (7) an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) approach. Forecasts relied on Virginia’s 3464 historical county-level cumulative case counts from March 7 to April 22, 2020, as reported by The New York Times. Statistically significant results were identified using 95% CIs of median absolute error (MdAE) and median absolute percentage error (MdAPE) metrics of the resulting 216,698 forecasts. Results The next-day MA forecast with 3-day look-back length obtained the lowest MdAE (median 0.67, 95% CI 0.49-0.84, P Conclusions For short-range COVID-19 cumulative case count forecasting at the county, health district, and state levels during early onset, the following were found: (1) the MA method was effective for forecasting 1-, 3-, and 7-day cumulative case counts; (2) exponential growth was not the best representation of case growth during early virus onset when the public was aware of the virus; and (3) geographic resolution was a factor in the selection of forecasting methods.
- Published
- 2021
46. Construction of offender profiles using fuzzy logic
- Author
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Verma, Arvind
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Individual differences in cognitive processing for roughness rating of fine and coarse textures
- Author
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Astrid M. L. Kappers, Yoshihiro Tanaka, Makiko Natsume, AMS - Sports and Work, Sensorimotor Control, Human Technology Interaction, Control Systems Technology, and Dynamics and Control
- Subjects
Male ,Tribology ,Glass/chemistry ,Physiology ,Sensory Physiology ,Individuality ,Social Sciences ,Surface finish ,Correlation ,Cognition ,Mathematical and Statistical Techniques ,0302 clinical medicine ,Friction/physiology ,Statistics ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Psychology ,Tactile Sensation ,Materials ,Cognition/physiology ,Mathematics ,Skin ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Physics ,Classical Mechanics ,Sensory Systems ,Curve Fitting ,Touch Perception ,Somatosensory System ,Physical Sciences ,Curve fitting ,Engineering and Technology ,Medicine ,Sensory Perception ,Female ,Research Article ,Adult ,Paper ,Friction ,Adolescent ,Surface Properties ,Amorphous Solids ,Science ,Materials Science ,Material Properties ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Texture (geology) ,Vibration ,Fingers ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Animals ,Humans ,Texture ,Spatial analysis ,Touch Perception/physiology ,030304 developmental biology ,Sandpaper ,Mechanical Engineering ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Fingers/physiology ,Cognitive Science ,Glass ,Particle size ,Mathematical Functions ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that skin vibration is an important factor affecting the roughness perception of fine textures. For coarse textures, the determining physical factor is much less clear and there are indications that this might be participant-dependent. In this paper, we focused on roughness perception of both coarse and fine textures of different materials (glass particle surfaces and sandpapers). We investigated the relationship between subjective roughness ratings and three physical parameters (skin vibration, friction coefficient, and particle size) within a group of 30 participants. Results of the glass particle surfaces showed both spatial information (particle size) and temporal information (skin vibration) had a high correlation with subjective roughness ratings. The former correlation was slightly but significantly higher than the latter. The results also indicated different weights of temporal information and spatial information for roughness ratings among participants. Roughness ratings of a different material (sandpaper versus glass particles) could be either larger, similar or smaller, indicating differences among individuals. The best way to describe our results is that in their perceptual evaluation of roughness, different individuals weight temporal information, spatial information, and other mechanical properties differently.
- Published
- 2019
48. How does vertical integration promote innovation corporate social responsibility (ICSR) in the coal industry? A multiple-step multiple mediator model.
- Author
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Sun, Ziyuan, Li, Yanli, Wang, Man, Wang, Xiaoping, Pan, Yiwen, and Dong, Feng
- Subjects
VERTICAL integration ,SOCIAL responsibility of business ,SOCIAL innovation ,COAL industry ,CORPORATE reform ,MIMO radar - Abstract
This paper aims to demonstrate the impact of coal enterprises’ vertical integration on the performance of innovation corporate social responsibility (ICSR) and to elaborate its specific transmission path through financing structure and market power. This paper takes the data of A-share listed coal company from 2008 to 2017 as samples, uses input-output table method to measure the degree of vertical integration, and explores the relationship between the four factors through multiple linear regression and Bootstrap method. We found that: (1) the vertical integration of coal enterprises has positive incentives for the promotion of ICSR. (2) Financing structure and market power play a chain intermediary role in this process of incentive. (3) In areas with high marketization process, vertical integration has more significant incentive effect on ICSR. The paper extends the research on the relationship between vertical integration and innovation, which provides a reference for the improvement of China’s supply-side reform and corporate social responsibility (CSR) fulfillment policy. It is helpful to promote the sustainable development of the coal industry, stimulate the innovation vitality of enterprises, and improve the fulfillment of CSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Measuring researcher independence using bibliometric data: A proposal for a new performance indicator.
- Author
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van den Besselaar, Peter and Sandström, Ulf
- Subjects
KEY performance indicators (Management) ,THEMATIC analysis ,GRAPH theory ,CITATION analysis ,LINEAR algebra ,PHYSICAL sciences - Abstract
Bibliometric indicators are increasingly used to evaluate individual scientists–as is exemplified by the popularity of the many other publication and citation-based indicators used in evaluation. These indicators, however, cover at best some of the quality dimensions relevant for assessing a researcher: productivity and impact. At the same time, research quality has more dimensions than productivity and impact alone. As current bibliometric indicators are not covering various important quality dimensions, we here contribute to developing better indicators for those quality dimensions not yet addressed. One of the quality dimensions lacking valid indicators is an individual researcher’s independence. We propose indicators to measure different aspects of independence: two assessing whether a researcher has developed an own collaboration network and two others assessing the level of thematic independence. Taken together they form an independence indicator. We illustrate how these indicators distinguish between researchers that are equally productive and have a considerable impact. The independence indicator is a step forward in evaluating individual scholarly quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
- Full Text
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50. University-industry-government relations of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) universities: The perspective of the mutual information.
- Author
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Li, Rui and Fang, Weihua
- Subjects
ACADEMIC-industrial collaboration ,INFORMATION technology ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,EDUCATION - Abstract
The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) universities are important bases for science and technology research and play a critical role in China’s National Innovation System. Based on the Web of Science (WoS), this article analyzes the statistics of paper published by MIIT universities and universities from across China including MIIT universities. The results are as follows: (1) Both the MIIT universities and universities nationwide in China have increased their international academic publications, and MIIT have shown a greater increase for the past decade. (2) In terms of U-I-G interaction, for UG relations, the T
ug value of MIIT universities has remained stable, while that of universities in China has become declined. For UI relations, the Tui value of both MIIT universities and universities in China has shown steady growth. For UIG relations, MIIT universities have a greater synergistic effect of Triple Helix relationship than universities in China. (3) For more details in seven MIIT universities, universities elected into “Project 985”, including HIT, BUAA, BIT and NPU, have published more papers, and been more synergistic with government and industry (UIG relations) than other three universities, including NUAA, NUST and HEU. Based on the empirical results, we discuss our findings, and make certain suggestions regarding policy incentives, reasonable administrative system and U-I-G interaction mode, which is significant not only for Chinese universities but also for universities in other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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