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36 results on '"Haon, Cédric"'

5. Influence of the Ge content on the lithiation process of crystalline Si1−xGex nanoparticle-based anodes for Li-ion batteries.

Author

Zapata Dominguez, Diana, Berhaut, Christopher L., Kumar, Praveen, Jouneau, Pierre-Henri, Desrues, Antoine, Herlin-Boime, Nathalie, Boudet, Nathalie, Blanc, Nils, Chahine, Gilbert A., Haon, Cédric, Tardif, Samuel, Lyonnard, Sandrine, and Pouget, Stéphanie

Abstract

In the quest for high-capacity Li-ion batteries, moving from classical intercalation reactions such as those occurring at graphite-based electrodes to alloying reactions is a promising alternative. Among active materials which form alloys upon lithiation, silicon is a good candidate thanks to its high theoretical capacity, although it shows limited cyclability due to significant aging effects. In comparison, germanium presents improved Li-ion conduction and mechanical properties. Mixing silicon and germanium, as in Si1−xGex alloys, is an attractive strategy for combining the best advantages of both elements. In this study, we report a combined operando X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical investigation of the influence of the germanium content on the (de)lithiation processes in crystalline Si1−xGex nanoparticle-based anodes during the first charge/discharge cycle. The alloyed particles, which show pronounced heterogeneities in composition, evidence a sequential amorphization of the different c-Si1−xGex phases depending on their Ge content, where the lithiation potential decreases upon increasing the silicon content, following Vegard's law-type of behavior. Operando XRD and galvanostatic cycling investigation of the highly lithiated crystalline phase Li15(Si1−xGex)4 evidence a narrow domain of existence with a composition close to x = 1. This study brings essential knowledge on the (de)lithiation mechanisms at play in Si1−xGex alloys, which is critical for mastering these promising materials that combine the best properties of silicon and germanium, with the possibility to tune their composition to tailor (de)lithiation properties and trade off performance and cycle life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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8. Toward the Improvement of Silicon-Based Composite Electrodes via an In-Situ Si@C-Graphene Composite Synthesis for Li-Ion Battery Applications.

Author

Mery, Adrien, Chenavier, Yves, Marcucci, Coralie, Benayad, Anass, Alper, John P., Dubois, Lionel, Haon, Cédric, Boime, Nathalie Herlin, Sadki, Saïd, and Duclairoir, Florence

Subjects
LITHIUM-ion batteries, HYBRID materials, ELECTRODES, GRAPHENE, HYDROGELS, GREENHOUSE gases
Abstract

Using Si as anode materials for Li-ion batteries remain challenging due to its morphological evolution and SEI modification upon cycling. The present work aims at developing a composite consisting of carbon-coated Si nanoparticles (Si@C NPs) intimately embedded in a three-dimensional (3D) graphene hydrogel (GHG) architecture to stabilize Si inside LiB electrodes. Instead of simply mixing both components, the novelty of the synthesis procedure lies in the in situ hydrothermal process, which was shown to successfully yield graphene oxide reduction, 3D graphene assembly production, and homogeneous distribution of Si@C NPs in the GHG matrix. Electrochemical characterizations in half-cells, on electrodes not containing additional conductive additive, revealed the importance of the protective C shell to achieve high specific capacity (up to 2200 mAh.g−1), along with good stability (200 cycles with an average Ceff > 99%). These performances are far superior to that of electrodes made with non-C-coated Si NPs or prepared by mixing both components. These observations highlight the synergetic effects of C shell on Si NPs, and of the single-step in situ preparation that enables the yield of a Si@C-GHG hybrid composite with physicochemical, structural, and morphological properties promoting sample conductivity and Li-ion diffusion pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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9. Electrochemical and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of Early SEI Formation and Evolution on Si and Si@C Nanoparticle-Based Electrodes.

Author

Desrues, Antoine, De Vito, Eric, Boismain, Florent, Alper, John P., Haon, Cédric, Herlin-Boime, Nathalie, and Franger, Sylvain

Subjects
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, PHOTOELECTRON spectroscopy, IMPEDANCE spectroscopy, SOLID electrolytes, ELECTRODES, ANODES
Abstract

Carbon coatings can help to stabilize the electrochemical performance of high-energy anodes using silicon nanoparticles as the active material. In this work, the comparison of the behavior and chemical composition of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) was carried out between Si nanoparticles and carbon-coated Si nanoparticles (Si@C). A combination of two complementary analytical techniques, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), was used to determine the intrinsic characteristics of the SEI. It was demonstrated that the SEI on Si particles is more resistive than the SEI on the Si@C particles. XPS demonstrated that the interface on the Si particles contains more oxygen when not covered with carbon, which shows that a protective layer of carbon helps to reduce the number of inorganic components, leading to more resistive SEI. The combination of those two analytical techniques is implemented to highlight the features and evolution of interfaces in different battery technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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10. Easy Diameter Tuning of Silicon Nanowires with Low-Cost SnO 2 -Catalyzed Growth for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Author

Keller, Caroline, Djezzar, Yassine, Wang, Jingxian, Karuppiah, Saravanan, Lapertot, Gérard, Haon, Cédric, and Chenevier, Pascale

Subjects
SILICON nanowires, NANOWIRES, LITHIUM-ion batteries, TIN oxides, DIAMETER, ANODES, TIN
Abstract

Silicon nanowires are appealing structures to enhance the capacity of anodes in lithium-ion batteries. However, to attain industrial relevance, their synthesis requires a reduced cost. An important part of the cost is devoted to the silicon growth catalyst, usually gold. Here, we replace gold with tin, introduced as low-cost tin oxide nanoparticles, to produce a graphite–silicon nanowire composite as a long-standing anode active material. It is equally important to control the silicon size, as this determines the rate of decay of the anode performance. In this work, we demonstrate how to control the silicon nanowire diameter from 10 to 40 nm by optimizing growth parameters such as the tin loading and the atmosphere in the growth reactor. The best composites, with a rich content of Si close to 30% wt., show a remarkably high initial Coulombic efficiency of 82% for SiNWs 37 nm in diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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13. Core@shell silicon-carbon nanoparticles with a tunable shell thickness: performances as battery anodes

Author

Desrues, Antoine, Alper, John, Boismain, Florent, Haon, Cédric, Franger, Sylvain, Herlin-Boime, Nathalie, Laboratoire Edifices Nanométriques (LEDNA), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract

International audience; Symposium: Battery and energy storage devices Nanometric silicon appears as an interesting candidate to improve the capacity of lithium-ion batteries anodes because its theoretical specific capacity is over 10 times that of CUITent commercial graphite electrodes. A major issue with nanosilicon anodes is the continuous formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) due to the significant volume changes in the material during lithiation-delithiation. Coating the silicon surface with carbon has proved to protect it, as a more stable SEI is obtained. For this purpose, we synthesize core@shell silicon-carbon nanoparticles by a using a double-stage laser pyrolysis reactor. This gas-phase technique allows one-step synthesis of a silicon core coated by a carbon shell. The size and the size distribution, as well as the shell's thickness, can be controlled by the modification ofparameters. This wall-1ess process leads to clean interfaces. In this work the synthesis of carbon coated crystalline nanosilicon (30 nm) with various carbon contents, up to 20 % w/w, will be presented. These Si@C particles present a clear silicon-carbon interface as shown by STEM-EELS. The ga1vanostatic performance comparison indicates that the coulombic efficiency is improved by a greater carbon content and power rate experiments indicate that an optimum exists. Finally, by using electrochemical impedancespectroscopy (EIS), a comparison of SEI resistances for coated and non-coated parti cl es will be presented.

Published
2018

14. Growth of bulk functionalized silicon nanowires: importance of the gaseous phase

Author

Keller, Caroline, Lapertot, Gerard, Bayle, Pierre-Alain, Reiss, Peter, Haon, Cédric, Chenevier, Pascale, Synthèse, Structure et Propriétés de Matériaux Fonctionnels (STEP), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Instrumentation, Material and Correlated Electrons Physics (IMAPEC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Magnetic Resonance (RM ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Département de l'électricité et de l'hydrogène dans les transports (DEHT), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Société Chimique de France, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Chenevier, Pascale

Subjects
[CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Silicon, nanowires, disproportionation, reaction mechanism, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, silylenes
Abstract

International audience; Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) have remarkable properties allowing new applications. Forexample, Li-ion batteries performances can be significantly improved[1]. It is therefore interesting toproduce them in an easy and quantitative way, and our team recently patented a new innovative growthprocess in this way. It allows high yield and bulk production of SiNWs, thanks to a non-dangerousorganosilane precursor, a gold nanoparticle catalyst, and a sacrificial support in NaCl[2]. The assynthetized SiNWs are surface functionalized, which is very useful for making SiNWs/carboncomposites. With this new process, the SiNWs diameter is always close to 10 nm with a sharpdistribution; the reason is not clear. In the present work we focus on the reaction mechanism, with theaim to understand the size limitation and the way the functionalization is happening. Electronicmicroscopy on SiNWs after a short reaction time revealed that 2 distinct populations of SiNWs withdifferent diameters (6nm and 10nm) are formed separately at different reaction times. Also, by usingNMR spectroscopy and a scavenger, we show that silylenes are part of the process as reactionintermediates. The gaseous phase plays for sure a key role in the mechanism, and the understandingof the steps occurring there is fundamental for the tunability of the SiNWs.1. Chan C.K., Peng H., Liu G. McIlwrath K., Zhang X.F., Huggins R.A. and Cui Y., Nature Nano., 2008, 3, 31-342. Chenevier P., Reiss P., Burchak O., Method for Producing Silicon Nanowires, FR3022234 (A1), 2015

Published
2018

15. Electrode/electrolyte interphase evolution for next generation Li-ion batteries anodes

Author

Desrues, Antoine, Alper, John P., Boismain, Florent, Haon, Cédric, Franger, Sylvain, Herlin-Boime, Nathalie, Laboratoire Edifices Nanométriques (LEDNA), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract

International audience; Performant electrochemical storage devices appear as one of the solution to face the challenge of energy transition. In this context, lithium-ion batteries are a well-developed technology 1. This work is focused on increasing the negative electrode's capacity by understanding the degradation mechanism occurring in the material. Graphitic carbon is commonly used as a negative electrode in commercial battery systems because of its stability, electronic conductivity, and its natural abundance. However, its maximum energy density remains too low to meet the requirements of demanding applications such as electric vehicles. Silicon is a promising alternative anode material to increase its capacity up to 3579 mAh/g, ten times higher than the 350 mAh/g of graphite 2. However, fractures issues occur in the material, due the high volumetric change over cycling. Using nanoparticles has been shown to alleviate the problem 3 but at this size, the formation of an interphase between the electrolyte and the solid (named SEI) becomes predominant. This SEI stability is fundamental to obtain stable performance of silicon electrodes. The coating of the silicon surface by carbon has proved to protect the bare silicon surface and obtain a more stable SEI 4. The integration of such nanoparticles in Li-ion anodes improves the electrodes' specific capacities. Those particles are synthetized by laser pyrolysis, a one step process. Impedance spectroscopy, a powerful and non-destructive technique, is used to probe the electrode's interfaces. In this paper, using this technique, an improved stability of carbon coated silicon particles will be demonstrated by comparison to pure silicon.

Published
2017

17. Laser pyrolysis : a method of interest for the controlled synthesis of amorphous or crystalline Si@C nanoparticles - application as anode materials in Li-Ion batteries

Author

Alper, John, Boismain, Florent, Sourice, Julien, Boulineau, Adrien, Habert, Aurélie, De Vito, Eric, Porcher, Willy, Reynaud, Cécile, Haon, Cédric, Herlin-Boime, Nathalie, Laboratoire Edifices Nanométriques (LEDNA), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Palacin, Serge, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)

Subjects
[CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract

International audience; In Lithium Ion Batteries, the replacement of graphite (372 mAh.g$^{-1}$) as anode active materials by higher specific capacity materials is a strategy to answer the continuous demand for increased energy storage. Silicon appears as an attractive material thanks to its high theoretical specific capacity (3579 mAh.g$^{-1}$). Use of silicon based anodes has not yet been realized because performances degrade rapidly. Silicon nanostructuration together with association of carbon enhances performances. In particular, core-shell silicon-carbon Si@C nanoparticles are attractive candidates to increase the capacity of Li-ion batteries while mitigating the detrimental effects of volume expansion upon lithiation processes. Such nanoparticles were synthesized in a single step by a continuous gas phase method, the laser pyrolysis, interesting for industrial production. We report here how flow simulations helped in the design of a reactor where decomposition of silane and ethylene are conducted in two successive reaction zones. This reactor could work in stable conditions for several hours leading to the single-step synthesis of amorphous or crystalline silicon nanoparticles coated with a carbon shell (a-Si@C). The advantages of the a-Si@C material is emphasized by comparison with c-Si@C material. In particular, cyclic voltammetry demonstrates that a-Si@C composite reaches maximal lithiation during the first sweep, which is attributed to the amorphous core. After 500 charge/discharge cycles, it retains a capacity of 1250 mAh.g$^{-1}$ (C/5 rate) and 800 mAh.g$^{-1}$ (2C), with a 99.95% coulombic efficiency Moreover, post-mortem observations show an electrode expansion of less than 20% in volume with preserved nanostructuration.

Published
2017

18. Silicon core - carbon shell nanoparticles for Li-ion batteries anodes. Relationship between morphology and degradation mechanism studied by Impedance spectroscopy

Author

Desrues, Antoine, Alper, John, Boismain, Florent, Foy, Eddy, Franger, Sylvain, Haon, Cédric, Herlin-Boime, Nathalie, Laboratoire Edifices Nanométriques (LEDNA), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), IRAMAT - Laboratoire Métallurgies et Cultures (IRAMAT - LMC), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract

International audience; Performant electrochemical storage devices appear as one of the solution to face the challenge of energy transition and development of carbon-less energy processes. In this context, lithium-ion batteries are a well-developed technology because of their lllgh energy density, their long life over cycling and their large field of applications, from microbatteries to stationary storage.

Published
2017

19. Double stage laser pyrolysis synthesis applied to silicon-carbon core-shell nanoparticles

Author

Boismain, Florent, Alper, John, Desrues, Antoine, Sublemontier, Olivier, Haon, Cédric, Herlin-Boime, Nathalie, Palacin, Serge, Laboratoire Edifices Nanométriques (LEDNA), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract

International audience; Synthesis routes permitting the preparation of complex structures such as core@shell nanoparticles are of interest for the particles unique physical and chemical properties. We demonstrate here a versatile laser pyrolysis method for the one step synthesis of Si@C nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are synthesized in a double stage reactor developed with the help of flow simulation. Using the laser pyrolysis method, we demonstrate production rate of 10 g/h under stable condition for over 5 hours. In the first reaction zone,the precursor gas of silicon, the silane (SiH$_4$), absorbs the CO$_2$ laser and is decomposed to form silicon nanoparticles. In the second stage the carbon precursor gas, ethylene (C$_2$H$_4$), mixed with the silicon nanoparticles through a novel radial injection, is decomposed via laser excitation and the carbon is deposited on the silicon cores while avoiding homogeneous nucleation of carbon nanoparticles. The size and the crystallinity of the silicon cores are controlled with the time of interaction and power of the laser beam while the carbon content is controlled by the ethylene flow rate. Other gases were also be added for doping or alloying of the silicon core (for example germane to achieve SiGe alloy cores or ammonia to dope the carbon shell). These core-shell nanoparticles (Si@C) were tested as active materials for anodes of Li-Ion batteries. Compared to the commonly used graphite electrode, the capacity is significantly higher (therotecal values 3579 mAh/g vs 372 mAh/g) while the stability is improved in comparison with an electrode elaborated from pure silicon (500 cycles vs 50 cycles).

Published
2017

20. Laser Pyrolysis : a method of interest for the synthesis of amorphous or crystalline Si-core C-shell nanoparticles - application as anode material in Li-Ion batteries

Author

Alper, John P., Sourice, Julien, Boismain, Florent, Boulineau, Adrien, Reynaud, Cécile, Haon, Cédric, Herlin-Boime, Nathalie, Laboratoire Edifices Nanométriques (LEDNA), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Palacin, Serge, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract

International audience; Although the Li-ion battery (LIB) currently offers the most suitable balance between power and autonomy for consumer electronics and electric vehicle applications, there continues to be a demand for increased energy capacity. One strategy to increase LiB’s energy density is to replace graphite (372 mAh.g-1) as the anode active material by higher specific capacity materials. Silicon appears as an attractive alternative material thanks to its high theoretical specific capacity (3579 mAh.g-1 for the Li3,75Si phase) and its low discharge potential. Despite being the focus of scientific activity for over 10 years, the use of silicon based anodes have not yet been realized because the performance of these materials degrades rapidly during cycling. Silicon nanostructuration together with association of carbon to Si greatly enhance the performances in terms of both cyclability and capacity. In particular, core-shell silicon-carbon Si@C nanoparticles are attractive candidates as active material to increase the capacity of Li-ion batteries while mitigating the detrimental effects of volume expansion upon lithiation processes.The innovative solution proposed here is to use at the anode nanoparticles of Si@C synthesized in a single step by a scalable continuous gas phase method particularly interesting for industrial production, i.e. the laser pyrolysis method. Moreover, thanks to the control of experimental parameters, this method allows producing an amorphous core of silicon (a-Si) as well as a crystalline one (c-Si); Indeed using a-Si as core material, instead of c-Si, is an considered option not often considered but it appears promising to enhance cyclability because a-Si is not subject to the drastic crystalline state alteration upon its first lithiation. In order to cumulate all the benefits cited above, active material should be a composite of an a-Si core covered with a carbon shellWe report the synthesis, in a single-step process, of amorphous silicon nanoparticles coated with a carbon shell (a-Si@C), via a two-stage laser pyrolysis where decomposition of silane and ethylene are conducted in two successive reaction zones. Auger electron spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy show a carbon shell about 1 nm in thickness which prevents detrimental oxidation of the a-Si cores. The advantages of the a-Si@C material will be emphasized by comparison with c-Si@C material used as active materials. In particular, cyclic voltammetry demonstrates that the amorphous core-shell composite reaches its maximal lithiation during the first sweep, which is attributed to the amorphous core. After 500 charge/discharge cycles, it retains a capacity of 1250 mAh.g-1 at a C/5 rate and 800 mAh.g-1 at 2C, with an outstanding coulombic efficiency of 99.95 %. Moreover, postmortem observations show an electrode expansion of less than 20% in volume where the nanostructuration is preserved

Published
2016

21. Silicon Core Carbon Shell Nanoparticles By Scalable Laser Pyrolysis for Li-Ion Alloy Anodes – Material Synthesis and Performance Characterization

Author

Alper, John P., Boismain, Florent, Sourice, Julien, Porcher, Willy, Foy, Eddy, Reynaud, Cécile, Haon, Cédric, Herlin-Boime, Nathalie, Laboratoire Edifices Nanométriques (LEDNA), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), IRAMAT - Laboratoire Métallurgies et Cultures (IRAMAT - LMC), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Palacin, Serge

Subjects
[CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract

International audience; As the world moves away from distributed fossil fuel use in order to mitigate the climatic effects of carbon pollution, the need for high energy density storage devices continues to grow. Secondary lithium ion batteries (LiB) are one such attractive energy storage device. Current LiB technology relies on graphitic carbon as the anode material, with a theoretical capacity of 372 mAh/g. In order to increase the energy density of LiBs, anode materials with a greater capacity for lithium storage are under intense investigation. Materials which form alloys with lithium such as antimony, germanium, silicon, and tin, all have theoretical capacities which far surpass graphite. However silicon, as the most naturally abundant element and possessing a theoretical capacity of 3579 mAh/g in the Li$_{15}$Si$_4$ alloy, is the most promising for global adoption in next generation LiBs. There are issues which require resolution before silicon can be implemented. Large volumetric changes associated with the lithiation-delithiathion process ($\sim$300%) result in material pulverization and loss of electrical contact. Also unstable solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) formation during cycling results in the consumption of lithium during operation and capacity fade [2]. Previous studies have conclusively shown that the former issue may be mitigated by utilizing nano-scale silicon materials, with particles under 150 nm in diameter remaining intact during the swelling and contraction associated with cycling. It has also been demonstrated that by encapsulating the silicon materials in carbon shells shows promise in stabilizing the SEI. Here we present a scalable process to achieve this core-shell morphology via laser mediated pyrolysis. The technique, which has been used to produce various ceramic, oxide, and metallic particles, has already been utilized on the industrial scale for silicon nanoparticle production. Previously our group demonstrated the capacity of crystalline silicon core-carbon shell materials, synthesized in a two stage pyrolysis reactor, reaches ~500 mAh/g and retains over 70% capacity at a fast 2C rate over 500 cycles. Amorphous silicon, with isotropic expansion upon lithiation, holds promise in forming a more stable SEI than crystalline silicon, and hence increased capacity retention. We have tuned pyrolysis reaction parameters in order to obtain consistent production of amorphous silicon nanoparticle cores. In this talk, a comparison of the battery testing results for amorphous vs. crystalline silicon cores will be presented. Steps to overcome present challenges with the cyclability and irreversible capacity loss due to SEI formation will also be discussed.

Published
2016

22. Best Performing SiGe/Si Core‐Shell Nanoparticles Synthesized in One Step for High Capacity Anodes.

Author

Desrues, Antoine, Alper, John P., Boismain, Florent, Zapata Dominguez, Diana, Berhaut, Christopher, Coulon, Pierre‐Eugène, Soloy, Adrien, Grisch, Frédéric, Tardif, Samuel, Pouget, Stéphanie, Lyonnard, Sandrine, Haon, Cédric, and Herlin‐Boime, Nathalie

Abstract

Silicon‐germanium nanostructures are promising anode materials for high stability, high capacity, and fast cycling Li‐ion batteries. In this work, we report on the outstanding performance of new SiGe/Si core@shell nanoparticle heterostructures synthetized in one step by laser pyrolysis of silane and germane. By tuning the silane to germane ratio, the composition of Si100‐xGex alloy was readily adjusted. Nanoparticles with x=0, 20, 47, 77, and 100 were investigated and the composition of each alloy (including internal mixed phases) was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The electrochemical performances of the Si100‐xGex alloys were evaluated by cycling half cell batteries from C/5 to 5 C. The optimal trade‐off between stability and capacity was obtained in Si53Ge47 core shell nanoparticles alloy. This material exhibits the best performance reported so far for SiGe compounds, with a reversible specific capacity of 1695 mAh.g−1 after 60 cycles (90 % of its initial value). The (de)alloying properties of this optimal Si53Ge47 heterostructure were followed by operando synchrotron WAXS measurements, suggesting sequential lithiation of the various phases present in the material. The alloying process, combined with the realization of peculiar nanostructures composed of a Ge‐rich core and a Si‐rich shell, therefore allow to reach electrochemical properties suited for a practical application in energy storage device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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23. Core shell amorphous silicon-carbon nanoparticles synthesis by double stage laser pyrolysis, application to anode material

Author

Sourice, Julien, Haon, Cédric, Porcher, Willy, Bordes, Arnaud, de Vito, Eric, Boulineau, Adrien, Reynaud, Cécile, Herlin-Boime, Nathalie, Laboratoire Edifices Nanométriques (LEDNA), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Palacin, Serge, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

24. Core-shell amorphous silicon-carbon, synthesis by double stage laser pyrolysis, application to anode material

Author

Sourice, Julien, Quinsac, Axelle, Leconte, Yann, Sublemontier, Olivier, Porcher, Willy, Haon, Cédric, Bordes, Arnaud, De Vito, Eric, Boulineau, Adrien, Jouanneau Si Larbi, Séverine, Herlin Boime, Nathalie, Reynaud, Cécile, Laboratoire Edifices Nanométriques (LEDNA), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Palacin, Serge, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)

Subjects
[CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

25. Laser pyrolysis for the one-step synthesis of core-shell silicon-carbon nanoparticles: interest as anode material in Li-ion batteries

Author

Sourice, Julien, Quinsac, Axelle, Leconte, Yann, Sublemontier, Olivier, Porcher, Willy, Haon, Cédric, Jouanneau Si Larbi, Séverine, Herlin Boime, Nathalie, Reynaud, Cécile, Palacin, Serge, Laboratoire Edifices Nanométriques (LEDNA), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

26. Versatility of laser pyrolysis for one-step synthesis of non-oxide core-shell silicon/carbon nanoparticles or co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles: Examples of applications

Author

Bouhadoun, Sarah, Sourice, Julien, Leconte, Yann, Sublemontier, Olivier, Reynaud, Cécile, Chantal, Guillard, Haon, Cédric, Herlin-Boime, Nathalie, Laboratoire Francis PERRIN (LFP - URA 2453), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Material Research Society, Laboratoire Edifices Nanométriques (LEDNA), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), IRCELYON-Catalytic and Atmospheric Reactivity for the Environment (CARE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Palacin, Serge, Lebe, Caroline, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [CHIM.THEO] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2014

29. Effect of Size and Shape on Electrochemical Performance of Nano-Silicon-Based Lithium Battery.

Author

Keller, Caroline, Desrues, Antoine, Karuppiah, Saravanan, Martin, Eléa, Alper, John P., Boismain, Florent, Villevieille, Claire, Herlin-Boime, Nathalie, Haon, Cédric, Chenevier, Pascale, and Wang, Jie

Subjects
LITHIUM cells, SILICON nanowires, LITHIUM-ion batteries, NANOWIRES, SIZE
Abstract

Silicon is a promising material for high-energy anode materials for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries. The gain in specific capacity depends highly on the quality of the Si dispersion and on the size and shape of the nano-silicon. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the size/shape of Si on the electrochemical performance of conventional Li-ion batteries. The scalable synthesis processes of both nanoparticles and nanowires in the 10–100 nm size range are discussed. In cycling lithium batteries, the initial specific capacity is significantly higher for nanoparticles than for nanowires. We demonstrate a linear correlation of the first Coulombic efficiency with the specific area of the Si materials. In long-term cycling tests, the electrochemical performance of the nanoparticles fades faster due to an increased internal resistance, whereas the smallest nanowires show an impressive cycling stability. Finally, the reversibility of the electrochemical processes is found to be highly dependent on the size/shape of the Si particles and its impact on lithiation depth, formation of crystalline Li15Si4 in cycling, and Li transport pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
Full Text
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36. Investigation of Lithium Insertion Mechanisms of a Thin-Film Si Electrode by Coupling Time-of-Flight Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, and Focused-Ion-Beam/SEM.

Author

Bordes A, De Vito E, Haon C, Secouard C, Montani A, and Marcus P

Abstract

Silicon is a serious candidate to replace graphite in electrodes because it offers a specific capacity almost 10 times higher than that of carbonaceous materials. However, cycling performances of Si electrodes remain very limited because of the huge volume changes upon alloying and dealloying with lithium. A fine understanding of the lithiation mechanism of silicon electrodes will help to design more robust architectures. In this work, an amorphous silicon thin film has been used as a model for a better understanding of lithiation mechanism. Lithium distribution in the Si layer has been thoroughly investigated by coupling powerful characterization tools: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and secondary-ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). In particular, cross-analysis of different lithiation states has been carried out. A lithiation front moving forward over the state of charge has been highlighted. The quantification of the LixSi alloy indicates a lithium amount much higher than that of the Li/Si ratio estimated in previous studies. This anomaly leads to a description of the lithiation mechanism based on the presence of fast diffusion paths for Li throughout the Si layer. These paths would be a second driving force for silicon alloying and lithium segregation at the collector interface. SEM observations of a FIB cut corroborate this mechanism.

Published
2015
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