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The article discusses the paper "Resistance of Pathogenic Bacteria," by P. Hofmann. In his paper Hofmann points out that antibiotics may have not only an inhibiting or indifferent action on bacteria but even on occasion in certain dilutions a stimulating one. He demonstrates this. With a dilution of 1:100 of a bacteriostatic the growth of typhus colonies on agar was inhibited; but with a dilution of 1:100,000 the number exceeded by 176% that of a control without antibiotic or with antibiotic in a dilution of 1:50,000. With a dilution of 1: 5,000,000 the effect became indifferent for the first time.

This paper reviews the known relationships of common acute bacterial and viral respiratory infections to the asthmatic state and to wheezing attacks in children. Implications for treatment are discussed in view of what has already been learned and what we need to know. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the pathogenesis and the microscopic and cytological features of the pemphigus group of diseases. The immunological aspects of acantholysis are discussed. The statement by several authors that pemphigus is an autoimmune disease is questioned and evidence from the literature against this hypothesis is cited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the paper "Erythromycin in Local Treatment of Cutaneous Bacterial Infections," by C.S. Livingood, E.S. Head, E.A. Johnson and S. Nilasena. This paper reports that erythromycin 0-5% ointment appears to be effective in primary staphylococcal and streptococcal infections of the skin. The results in secondary bacterial infections were less satisfactory; erythromycin may not be as well tolerated by eczematized skin as certain other antibiotics. The results of in vitro sensitivity tests are reported in the paper.

The growth of Staphylococcus aureus together with some bacteria isolated from contaminated algal cultures was studied in daylight and in light from fluorescent and incandescent lamps and compared with the growth in the dark. Light from incandescent lamps was found to have no effect on the growth of the bacteria. Daylight and fluorescent light had a distinct inhibiting effect on the growth rate of the bacteria studied. It is suggested that the effect may be due to light in the violet region of the spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a response by Dr. Josef Novitzky concerning comments on his article "Microscopic Study of Cancellous Bone at the Root Ends of Dead Teeth." He states that the presence of fibrous marrow in cancellous bone at the roots of dead teeth is corroborative evidence that all dead teeth will result in infections. He comments on research into bacterial infections and the spread of fibrous marrow, often indicating a slow chronic inflammation and suggests this corroborates his results.

Discusses several research concerning the clinical aspects of bacteroides infections in gastroenterology. Review of several cases of bacteremia; Cases of bacteroides infections following surgery for cancer of the colon; Description of a case of appendicitis followed by intraabdominal abscesses.

The literature is briefly reviewed and two cases of carbuncle are presented. The author discusses the characteristics of carbuncle and anthrax, stating that it is easier to recall the cause of anthrax as Bacillus anthracis and Staphylococcus areus as causing carbuncle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of Corynebacterium acnes on the foreheads of male and female children of caucasoid and negroid origin has been investigated using a semi-quantitative technique. Few organisms were recovered from children of less than 12 years of age. The increase in count occurred earliest in negroid girls and latest in caucasoid boys. This may be related to the age of puberty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information about bacterial infections in diabetes mellitus. It reports that diabetics are more prone to infections than others. The experts still contradict each other about whether diabetics are really more prone to pyococcal infections than normal people, or whether those that they do have are more severe. Diabetes was also noted particularly often among patients admitted with staphylococcal infections. It is also found that diabetics had a far higher prevalence of renal infections at autopsy than non-diabetics.

This article presents information on the research paper "Treatment of Chronic Furunculosis," by L.G. Tulloch, V.G. Alder and W.A. Gillespie. The effect of treatment by disinfecting sites of staphylococcal carriage was investigated in a controlled trial. The nasal carrier site was the most common source of infection but staphylococci from the perineum and from superficial lesions of the skin were also important. The treatment consisted of daily hexachlorophane baths or powder and a nasal disinfectant cream containing neomycin and chlorhexidine which was applied 5 to 6 times daily. This usually suppressed the carrier state within a few days but treatment is advised for at least 3 or 4 weeks.

The article discusses the impact that oral bacteria have on the visible manifestations associated with periodontal disease, notably inflammation of the gums. The authors also discuss the loss of tissue that occurs with periodontal disease. Information about other chronic diseases are contrasted with periodontal disease including urinary tract infections.

1. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the ability of the host to prevent the uptake of iron by pathogenic bacteria may constitute an important means of defence. A detailed biochemical study of the way antisera exert theft antibacterial effects and the possible involvement of iron has now been initiated. 2. Work with Pasteurella septica antiserum has revealed a totally unsuspected way in which antiserum and complement exert their antibacterial effects. The process is very quick arid specific and resets in the cessation of bacterial multiplication; cells in stasis then appear to be killed by the operation of a secondary event. The inhibitory process operates by affecting the biochemistry of the bacterial cell leading first to an inhibition of net RNA synthesis and then to an inhibition of all macromolecular synthesis. 3. The presence of free iron in the serum did not prevent the initiation of the inhibition but it did allow macromolecular synthesis, cell multiplication and rapid growth to be resumed later. In contrast, the presence of haematin in the serum allowed the cells to continue multiplying in the presence of antiserum without delay. Addition of haematin to bacteria which had been inhibited by antiserum restored net RNA synthesis immediately. Net protein synthesis and multiplication were restarted within 15-20 min and DNA synthesis in 40 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the vaccination trial of dogs against infections of Echinococcus granulosus. Vaccination with freeze-dried preparations from either tapeworm tissue of scolices of E. granulosus; Failure of crude antigen complex to prevent worms developing from a subsequent challenge with scolices; Number of segments and lengths of the subterminal and terminal segments of E. granulosus.

The effect of conglutinin and immuno­conglutinin preparations on the resistance of animals has been studied in seven bacterial infections. In six infections —Salmonella typhimurium, Pasteurella septica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes—higher survival rates were demonstrated in mice previously injected with the conglutinin preparations. Infection with avirulent strains or non-pathogenic organisms in numbers large enough to cause death led to severe toxaemia against which the injection of conglufinin preparations failed to protect. Although the conglutinin preparations failed to protect against avirulent or unadapted strains, they did protect against virulent or adapted strains of the organisms. Experiments undertaken to define the protective factor in the serum preparations indicate that the protective factor probably is the same as that which is responsible for the conglutinating activity, conglufinin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some interrelations between the conglutinating activity of the serum of an animal and experimental bacterial infection were investigated. The passive transfer of conglutinating activity was demonstrated. The level of this activity reaches a peak within 2 days after subcutaneous injection, then declines until no significant titres are demonstrable in 12 to 14 days. It is shown that infection of animals with Salmonella typhimurium causes a rapid reduction in the conglutinating activity of the serum immediately after challenge. Evidence is presented which indicates that the previous injection of conglutinin preparations enhances bactericidal activity of the mouse against Salm. typhimurium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two cases of neonatal Hemophilus vaginalis (Corynebacterium vaginalis) infection are presented. In addition, eight recent neonatal-maternal cases have been summarized. The data obtained from these cases strongly suggest that the organism is a maternal, fetal and neonatal pathogen. Measures which promote successful isolation and identification are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 800 children with acute glomerulonephritis were admitted to one hospital in Trinidad during three and one-hall years. in the first 15 months the disease was epidemic. The illness affected chiefly the children of the rural poor, with most cases attributable to streptococcal infection of the skin rather than of the respiratory tract. In sign symptoms and clinical course, the disease in Trinidad resembled closely the acute glomerulonephritis which follows streptococcal pharyngitis in temperate climates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews briefly the various pathogenic mechanisms so far proposed in the scientific literature. These include: persistence of streptococci; the L-forms; streptococcal products; the hypersensitivity reaction; and the autoimmune mechanism. It has been suggested that acute rheumatic fever is a form of streptococcal endocarditis. If so, treating the acute symptoms with large doses of penicillin would be expected to have a salutary effect on the course of the acute disease and aid in prevention of chronic heart damage.

Since the end of World War II, diphtheria in the U.S. has been characterized by a steady decrease in cases reported annually. In very recent years, community outbreaks have become infrequent, characterized by many fewer cases than formerly. Most cases now reported are single occurrences or due to spread within an unimmunized family. During September 1962, a localized outbreak of diphtheria was brought under the control in Sioux City, Iowa. This article intends to describe the outbreak and the methods used to eradicate the focus.

This article presents a discussion of lead poisoning in children by pediatricians Ralph D. Feigin, Daniel C. Shannon, Stephen L. Reynolds and social case worker Lilian W. Shapiro. Reynolds stressed the importance of the medical history in the case of an 18-month-old boy who suffered from lead poisoning. Feigin discussed various typical features of lead poisoning, some of which are its occurrence in the 15 to 36-months age group and a concurrent viral or bacterial infection. The signs and symptoms of lead intoxication usually involve the gastrointestinal, hematologic and the central nervous systems.

Provides information about Rickettsialpox in the United States. Appearance of a pimple at a site where there has been an epithelial puncture by a mite; Capability of Rickettsiae to remain in the body after convalescence; Suggestion that the treatment with tetracycline antibiotics may be successful.

The article reports on a case of elephantiasis nostras involving the lips and adjacent facial structures. Elephantiasis nostras designates recurrent episodes of inflammation of the involved parts with or without constitutional involvement. Earlier reports concerning staphylococci as being associated with erysipelas are erroneous because staphylococcal infections tend to wall themselves off since they simply do not elaborate a spreading factor. It is the purpose of this article to report a case in which decompression of the lips and adjacent structures was obtained through intermittent compression and penicillin therapy by mouth used to halt recurrences over a ten-year period.

When standard skin burns of mice were infected with a virulent strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa there was rapid and extensive penetration of the burn and underlying tissues by the organisms. Under similar experimental conditions an avirulent strain of Ps. aeruginosa remained localized at the surface of the burned skin. In vitro experiments showed that heating did not make the proteins of skin more susceptible to hydrolysis by enzymes, since heated and unheated skin were hydrolysed to approximately the same extent by proteinases from both virulent and avirulent strains of Ps. aeruginosa. Burns of the skin are readily colonized by Ps. aeruginosa (Jackson, Lowbury & Topley, 1951; Markley et al., 1957; Tumbusch et al., 1961). In patients not receiving effective treatment bacteria can penetrate the burns and underlying tissues and may cause fatal septicaemia (Cason & Lowbury, 1968). In the present study the bacterial invasion of burned skin was followed by histological and immunofluorescent techniques, using two strains of Ps. aeruginosa, P14 (lethal for burned mice, Jones & Lowbury, 1966) and P2AB (not lethal for burned mice). These strains produced toxins of similar lethality, but P14 produced extracellular proteinases more rapidly than P2AB (Carney & Jones, 1968). In the present investigation normal and heat-damaged guinea-pig skin was compared in hydrolysis experiments using extracellular proteinases of Ps. aeruginosa P14 and P2AB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article gives a comprehensive general account of infections of the vulva and vagina. The nature, neither bacterial, viral, fungal, chlamydial nor Rickettsial, of these organisms and their status in disease is summarized in the 1970 issue of the journal "Lancet." Their presence in many genital conditions is not denied, but their causal significance remains to be decided. Since they can be found also in 50% of sexually active women, and to a less extent in other groups, it may be that they are sexually transmitted but not pathogenic. Accidental vaccinia with vulval involvement, a case with reference to previous examples, is reported.

As a result of experience of staphyococcal cross-infection in conventional dermatology wards, various changes in the design and practices of dermatology wards, have been studied. Decentralization of treatment to the patients' rooms in place of a special treatment room in the ward may have reduced the colonization of patients with hospital strains of staphylococci, but did not influence the rate of clinically manifest infections. Strict isolation of disseminators of pathogens and of patients especially prone to infection, significantly reduced the colonization rate with hospital strains of staphylococci. Isolation of patients on systemic steroid or cytostatic treatment, patients with erythroderma, extensive eczemata or extensive bullous dermatoses and heavy disseminators of Staph. aureus or streptococci is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two patients with erythema elevatum diutinum are reported. Both developed late haemorrhagic necrotic reactions at the sites of intradermal tests with streptococcal antigen. Biopsy of these sites revealed leucocytoclastic vasculitis. One of the patients responded to Dapsone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bacteriological study was made to see whether selected contents of public health nursing bags were contaminated by pathogens common in a "normal" environment. No pathogenic bacteria were identified, but three nonpathogenic organisms were found. More attention was given to protection from contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article discusses the relation of calculus, plaque, and food impaction to periodontal disease. Mechanical irritation, like that caused by calculus or food impaction, is reported to be a main cause of periodontal disease by many dentistry studies. The irritation caused to the gum surfaces may degrade resistance to bacterial infections.

The article presents research that examines the role that oral bacteria play in periodontal disease. The author notes that the inflammation of the gums associated with periodontal disease represents the infectious nature of the affliction. The author believes that by examining the lesions that form near inflamed gum tissue researchers will be able to more thoroughly understand the organisms involved in the process and how they physically alter the tissue.

The article presents a study that aims to analyze the effects of active policy of inquiry, follow-up and disposition of investigation initiated by the Office of Tuberculosis Control (OTC) of Nassau County, New York. The study was conducted during the calendar year 1970, for the newly reported cases of tuberculosis which were classified by the source of the information to assess the impact of routine investigative work. The study revealed that about 25 percent of newly reported cases of tuberculosis in the county resulted from the direct investigation conducted by OTC, which is the result of an active approach of obtaining disposition for all suspicious reports received.

Bacteriological studies on the lesions of 331 skin out-patients revealed a high degree of clinically inapparent infection, especially with Staph. aureus. The level of antibiotic resistance in the strains isolated was high. The incidence of hospital infection with Staph. aurcus in the lesions of 56 in-patients was remarkably high. Autogeneous infection accounted for about one third of the cases. Most of the cross-infection could be traced to patients with extensive infected lesions. The ward environment was heavily contaminated with pathogens. The communal baths and hands of members of staff seemed to be important agents in the spread of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a discussion from the 1970 National Institutes of Health Dental Study Section conference on periodontal disease. The participants discuss the role bacteria have on the disease. It is noted that there is evidence that bacteria do not invade gum tissue in periodontal disease. The discussion also examines the prevalence of infections, inflammation and ulceration associated with periodontal disease.

Describes the incidence of salmonella infection in children from reptile as carrier of disease. Clinical manifestation of the condition in patient; Determination of the carrier of infection; Precaution to prevent the transmission of the disease to human.