8 results
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2. An Assessment of Techniques for Proving Program Correctness.
- Author
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Elspas, Bernard, Levitt, Karl N., Waldinger, Richard J., and Waksman, Abraham
- Subjects
- *
COMPUTER software correctness , *COMPUTER software , *COMPUTER programmers , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *COGNITIVE science , *COMPUTER software development - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to point out the significant quantity of work in progress on techniques that will enable programmers to prove their programs correct. This work has included: investigations in the theory of program schemas or abstract programs; development of the art of the informal or manual proof of correctness; and development of mechanical or semi-mechanical approaches to proving correctness. At present, these mechanical approaches rely upon the availability of powerful theorem-provers, development of which is being actively pursued. All of these technical areas are here surveyed in detail, and recommendations are made concerning the direction of future research toward producing a semi mechanical program verifier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Promising Results from a Cognitive Stimulation Program in Infancy.
- Author
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Gutelius, Margaret F., Kirsch, Arthur D., MacDonald, Sally, Brooks, Marion R., McErlean, Toby, and Newcomb, Carol
- Subjects
COGNITIVE science ,COGNITION ,PEDIATRICS ,INFANT care - Abstract
The favorable results of the minimal stimulation program here described have important implications for all who provide health services for underprivileged preschool children. The authors indicate that this project is the first which coordinates compensatory infant education with complete health care, with the prime educator being a public health nurse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The Development of a Test of Piaget's Logical Operations.
- Author
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Raven, Ronald J.
- Subjects
CONSTRUCTIVISM (Education) ,REASONING ,COGNITIVE ability ,CHILD development ,COGNITIVE psychology ,EDUCATION ,THOUGHT & thinking ,COGNITIVE science ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
The article discusses the development of a test of Piaget's logical operations. The results of the analysis of the Raven's Test of Logical Operations have shown that it can be used to determine the developmental pattern of logical operations in children across grade levels. The test data can be used to determine if children will have difficulty with specific types of reasoning patterns. This information can provide the instructor with some evidence about how to model a concept for instruction. If the student will have problems with proportional thinking operations, it may be appropriate to remodel the concept by using compensatory operations or logical multiplication operations. Information about the pupil's cognitive capability enhances the teacher's ability to individualize classroom instruction.
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The psychology of skill acquisition
- Author
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R. H. Sharp
- Subjects
Cognitive science ,Body of knowledge ,Conceptual framework ,Process (engineering) ,Mechanical engineering ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,General Medicine ,Symposium—Rugby Football ,Psychology ,Dreyfus model of skill acquisition - Abstract
The title of this paper includes such a large body of knowledge that an attempt to describe every detail in a single paper would be both a pretentious and fruitless exercise. Instead, I shall describe briefly how the psychology of skill acquisition is viewed in terms of a general conceptual framework and secondly, how such a model can be of use in considering some aspects of the learning process.
- Published
- 1973
6. Some physiological and biochemical consequences of psychological postulates
- Author
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Stephen Grossberg
- Subjects
Cognitive science ,Multidisciplinary ,Models, Chemical ,Memory ,Models, Neurological ,Foundation (evidence) ,Learning ,Models, Psychological ,Psychology ,Pattern learning ,Stimulus sampling ,Research Article - Abstract
This note is a flashback to the time when the theory’s foundation was being laid. The foundation is a synthesis of psychological, mathematical, and philosophical ideas in a series of papers that appeared between 1967 and 1969 (Papers [1] – [18] in the List of Publications at the end of this book.) The note is the tip of this theoretical iceberg.
- Published
- 1968
7. The Biological Significance of Delusions
- Author
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Henry Devine
- Subjects
Cognitive science ,Text mining ,business.industry ,Biological significance ,General Medicine ,business ,Psychology ,March 24, 1914 ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to develop the thought that delusional formations fulfil a definite function; they are the expression of certain underlying trends in the individual, and they satisfy certain needs. At the present time there is a reaction against the tendency to regard classification as the ultimate aim of clinical psychiatry. While the separation of mental disorders into certain broad groups has its obvious uses, it is being recognised that classification in itself is not a very vital point, and it does not take us far in the understanding of our cases. Not only is each case a member of a particular group, but in a certain sense it is an entity in itself; the odd behaviour, the delusions and hallucinations, have an individual significance; they are the outgrowth of personal conflicts and aspirations, and the whole psychosis is no more than one form of reaction to experience.
- Published
- 1914
8. PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORY OF LIFE
- Author
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Peter Fong
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,DNA Replication ,Computer science ,Adaptation, Biological ,Civilization ,Growth ,Nervous System ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Physical Phenomena ,Theoretical physics ,Phenomenon ,Biology ,Cognitive science ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Basis (linear algebra) ,Applied Mathematics ,Physics ,Reproduction ,Physical science ,Foundation (evidence) ,General Medicine ,DNA ,Adaptation, Physiological ,Philosophy ,Metabolism ,General theory ,Modeling and Simulation ,Thermodynamics ,Perception ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Locomotion - Abstract
The characteristics of life phenomena are analyzed and systematized into seven abstract systems: the exponentially multiplying system, the concomitant linearly multiplying system, the self-controlled system, the self-maintained system, the motor system, the sensory system and the sensory-motor co-ordination system. Each of the systems is analyzed phenomenologically on the physical basis so that life as an existing phenomenon may be understood on the foundation of physical science. The dynamical and statistical aspects of the analysis are left to another paper; the two together are an attempt to establish a general theory of life dealing with its nature, origin and evolution in terms of the first principles of physical science.
- Published
- 1966
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