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The article explores the Affair of the Pentagon Papers concerning the "dead issue" of the Vietnam War. It asserted that the Papers bear reach evidence that parts of the Department of Defense and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) felt that economic and political pressures at home were preventing the U.S. government from taking the steps that were physically within its powers, to smash the rising Vietnamese resistance. It stated that the writing of an internal history of the war could expose the foolishness of the State Department and the uniformed military while avoiding any head-on attack upon existing policy.

The author comments on articles by economics Greenbaum and Haywood (G&H) and Bloch concerning the major factors that must be considered in analyzing changes in the financial sector and their resulting impact on the economy. He states that G&H argue that demand for financial assets is dependent on standard variables, income, interest rates, and more. He suggests that G&H didn't delve far enough into government policy on the financial sector and states his belief that the introduction of large quantities of U.S. Treasury Bills is the most important financial innovation from 1940-70. He states that Bloch's view of the U.S. Federal Reserve's behavior is instructive, and said that while he doesn't question Bloch's analysis, he does question if the reasons are correct.

Suggestions are presented for research on the impact of governmental policies, programs, and regulations upon the functioning of the market system as a whole, and upon specific subsystems. The authors point out that intervention by government at all levels is one of the two most significant environmental forces affecting marketing. This paper is the first of four reports developed by the AMA Task Force on Research on Basic Problems in Marketing, chaired by Donald R. Longman. The other papers will be presented in subsequent issues of the JOURNAL OF MARKETING. Each paper will be accompanied by a review by Seymour Banks, in which the issues involved in each paper will be highlighted and the various papers related to one another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a response to the letter addressed to David E. Lilienthal, chairman of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, requesting a statement about policies about the general subject of atomic research which includes the questions on the restrictions on free publication imposed on authors of scientific papers in the field of nuclear research and to what extent the scientist are permitted to discuss their work freely. The statement which defines in general terms the policies of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and an outline of its current program is presented.

The article discusses the issues concerning the access to official papers in Great Britain. The Prime Minister stated that there is a reduction in the access to public documents from fifty to thirty years. The author presents several implications of the changes in policy in the conduct of research and teaching in public administration. Since the Prime Minister's statements in 1966, the Civil Service Department has been established and a major development in training under the direction of the new Civil Service College is under way. furthermore, the author presents the limitations to the access of public documents for training and academic purposes.

This article discusses the role of the foreign-language press in migrant integration. In studying transatlantic migration in the nineteenth century, one might analyse the rhythm of economic growth in the principal sending countries of Europe and attempt to find a relationship between the course of migration and the changes in pace of American economic development. One might also relate the findings of such an economic analysis to a set of demographic data showing. The results of such a study would be of interest to students of select disciplines like economics and demography. There is, however, a large body of social sciences including, for instance, history, sociology, social psychology, criminology and social geography, which contribute special tools for the study of cultural factors affecting the volume and direction of international migrations. Emotional attachments to a community and to acquaintances, to a culture or language, to political and social institutions or to a way of life must be considered as factors inhibiting Trans-Atlantic movement and affecting the adjustment of migrants in the U.S.

The article presents a reprint of the article discussing the reorganization of the British Atomic Energy project that was published in "The Economist." It focuses on the White Paper issued by the British government, which describes the kind of organization to which the government has decided to entrust the development of atomic energy. It likewise offers information about the transfer of responsibility for atomic energy from the Ministry of Supply to the Lord President of Great Britain.

The article presents some titles of new books on economics. Some books are: The Angel and the Wheat--Communication Theory and Economics," by S. Bagno, A Strategy of Decision--Policy Evaluation As a Social Process," by D. Braybrooke and C.E. Lindhlom; "Are We Slaves of Some Defunct Economist?" by D.M. Keezer; Insuring Full Employment--A United States Policy for Domestic Prosperity and World Development," by J.H.G. Pierson; The Intellectual and the Market Place and Other Essays," by G.J. Stigler; "Prices for Primary Producers," by S. Caine; "Capital Stock Growth: A Micro-Econometric Approach," by S. Kuh; "A Study of Cost and Demand Inflation," by J.D. Pitchford; "Profitability and Size of Firm," by H.O. Stekler; "Land Reforms in West Bengal--A Study on Implementation," by S.K. Basu and S.K. Bhattacharyya; "Output Employment and Productivity Growth in New Zealand Manufacturing Industries," by C.A. Blyth and P. Hamer; "Economic Development: Past and Present," by R.T. Gill; "Planning Economic Development," edited by E.E. Hagen.

The article focuses on the White Paper: A Framework for Expansion--the ten year plan of the government for education in Great Britain. It hedges much of its planning by saying there is room for flexibility and many points still remain for decision. It is planned that the public expenditure on maintained nursery, primary and secondary schools will rise from 1475 million pounds in 1971 to 2,000 million pounds in 1981 at 1972 survey prices. This means an assumed growth rate of 3 per cent compared with two and half percent for the decade 1961-62 to 1971-72. Thus, the White Paper shifts the emphasis of public spending and it is important since the growth in numbers in primary and secondary education will ease off in the current decade. The commitment to universal nursery education, in-service education for teachers, improvements in staffing standards, the reduction in class sizes and the rapid acceleration in primary and secondary school improvements to buildings, are the hardcore objectives. The first 16 pages of the report deal with them.

The article presents information on a round table discussion on transportation and public utility problems. At the morning session, which was concerned with transportation problems, papers were read by James C. Nelson, Washington State College, on the subject, "Patterns of Competition and Monopoly in Present-day Transport and Implications for Public Policy," and by Ernest W. Williams, Columbia University, on "The Maintenance of Adequate Rail Rate Levels in the Future." The afternoon session was devoted to puplic utility problems, with papers by William M. Duffus, Ohio State University, on "The Place of the Government Corporation in the Public Utility Industries," and by Ralph K Badger, Ralph K. Badger Associates, on the "The Rate of Return." James C. Nelson stated that the past emphasis on high fixed costs and monopoly as the important factors in the field of railroad eco- nomics is no longer warranted. He said that the current public policy of restricting entry into service and operations by transportation com- panies has raised doubts about the efficient and economical functioning of the system. Truman C. Bigham said that railroad revenue cases should be ap- proached from the standpoint of inherent advantage or relative econ- omy and fitness. This means, as already recognized by some of the lead- ing companies, that the railroads should not attempt to raise funds for the financing of services more economically provided by other modes of transport.

The article presents a critical discussion of the papers by Seymour E. Harris and John V. Van Sickle on interregional competition and economic adjustments. According to the author Harris has developed his topic in a most interesting and stimulating fashion. He is to be complimented for this able presentation of the difficulties facing the Northeast in its attempt to maintain its competitive position in the U.S. Harris appears at the outset to favor the regional adjustment process of classical economics. After a brief description of this process, he contends that the expected adjustments do not take place or do so only after costly delays. Some policies of government such as banking policy and government relief and spending policies hamper adjustments, other policies that are classified as favoritism toward developing regions add to the burden of adjustment in the older regions. Harris' paper represents an important addition to interregional economic analysis, with particular reference to an area in which much investigation already has been undertaken.

Donald B. Woodward in his paper on public debt and institutions seems about equally awestruck by three sets of thoughts. That the Treasury has various specific and contingent obligations that are not a part of the formal public debt. But most individuals and business enterprises have similar unclassified liabilities. Woodward mentions such items as social security commitments, and commitments to make future loans. Now one can go to any lengths he finds useful in this direction. His second thought is that the influence of the debt upon governmental policies will have baneful effects upon all principal social institutions, and his third, that the Treasury has become a maker—he thinks the principal maker—of monetary policy. His paper does not appear to be a call to action of any kind. For the most part it is rather a recitation of various direct and devious ways in which the family, the church, the economic organization, and the state will be inescapably corroded or distorted by the demands of a great public debt.

Provides a reply to David R. Felix's criticisms on W.W. Rostow's paper on the stages of economic growth. Reasons for the persistence of the modernization efforts in the developing countries; Discussion on industrialization in Africa, Asia and Latin America; Coordination of incomes policies among industrial nations.

A neglected aspect of policy research has been the systematic analysis of policy impacts. This paper presents a research strategy for measuring policy impacts based upon the principles of experimental design methodology. The strategy is illustrated through the application of a multivariate factorial design to the area of air pollution control. The overall approach is discussed in terms of its general utility for policy impact analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 1940s students of administration called attention to the absence of an adequate foundation in empirical data, in social psychology, and in governmental theory for a "science of administration." The result has been some uncertainty about the present content of public administration as a branch of political science. Three primary hypotheses may be used by the political scientist in America as the basis for his study of public administration. The first is that public administration must be conducted in such a way as to promote rather than impair the essential elements of a free society. Secondly, under the American structure of governmental power, the legislative, executive, and judiciary branches exercise continuing oversight of administrative agencies in order to ensure a politically responsible bureaucracy. Thirdly, although public administration embraces governmental operations in a variety of activities, all fields of governmental endeavor contain a common core of similar concern which we may label "management." The author is president of Miami University, Oxford, Ohio. This paper was given as a lecture at the Graduate School of Business and Public Administration, Cornell University, on December 12, 1955. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on legal developments in marketing relative to the regulation of price competition. In reference to price discrimination, the case of Exquisite Form Brassiere Inc. v. Federal Trade Commission is presented. The legal system's findings involving Section 2 of the Robinson-Patman Act are reported. A second case involving the alleged conflict of state and federal law, State of Wisconsin v. Texaco Inc., is presented. A third case involving the Swanee Paper Corporation is presented and also centers on a contentious element of the Robinson-Patman Act.

A conference paper about the use of war propaganda during World War I and World War II. The author cites passages from "Propaganda Technique in the World War," by Harold Lasswell and "Allied Propaganda and the Collapse of the German Empire in 1918," by George C. Bruntz. Also noted are a number of technological innovations that have increased the channels of distribution for propaganda.

The article presents a critique of a study by Albert H. Cox and Ralph F. Leach called "Defensive Open Market Operations and the Reserve Settlement Periods of Member Banks" that appears in this issue of the journal. In their original paper Cox and Leach presented the benefits of using a longer and staggered bank reserve averaging period that would be implemented by the U.S. Federal Reserve System. The author finds fault with their claim that the change would save labor because the reviewer feels that it would actually change the dynamic between central banks and bank credit and that central banks would convolute open market operations to maintain control.

The article offers information about the proposal intended for national security in the U.S. The proposal is the outgrowth of a series of informal, entirely unofficial meetings between Herman Kahn of Princeton University, James E. King, Jr. of Washington Center of Foreign Policy Research, Evron Kirkpatrick of the American Political Science Association and others. The author stresses the paper is his interpretation and explanation of the discussion, rather than being a formal report approved by all participants.

The article presents the author's comparison of the patterns of publicity, privacy, and secrecy between the U.S. and Great Britain. In Great Britain, the equilibrium of publicity, privacy, and secrecy is more stable, and its deviations from the normal state are smaller than they are in the U.S. The British governmental papers which are not published at the time as part of government policy, are opened to scholarly inspection only after a very long lapse of time and even then with restrictions. On the other hand, in the U.S., government documents are made available to historians without long delay.

The article presents information on legal developments in marketing relative to the regulation of price competition. Regarding price discrimination, the article discusses Baldwin Hills Building Material Co. v. Fiberboard Paper Products Corp. as it relates to the California Federal District Court ruling on the interstate shipment of raw materials in the manufacture of wallboard under the Robinson-Patman Act. In regard to resale price maintenance, the article discusses a Supreme Court of South Dakota clarification of the State's Fair Trade Law as it relates to The House of Seagram, Inc., Seagram Distillers Co. Division v. The Assam Drug Co. and Fred Assam and Winchester-Western Division of Olin Mathieson Chemical Corp. v. Gibson Dakota, Inc..