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The article presents some methodological considerations relevant in the study of the delivery of health services and infant mortality in New York City. The study explores the relationship between sociodemographic, medical risks and medical care on infant mortality and morbidity. An extensive evaluation of the statistical deficiencies of recorded medical information on birth certificates is also included in the study. The study found that birth weight and mortality to be the most useful among other outcome indicators.

The article discusses important aspects of observational research methodology. Psychologists with keen observation, delegated to collect data either use written documents or recorded material. The use of life history method is based on insight interviews with the view of obtaining a clear understanding of race relations and problems of an all-African American community. The New York City Department of Health used the group method on rating schedule to evaluate candidates in terms of judging their appearance, manner of speech, attitude toward the group, leadership, contribution to group performance, and scientific approach. The questionnaire is the most frequently used observational technique, having advantages over administrative economy of time, money, and effort over other methods.