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SUMMARY Assumptions concerning the political behaviour of voters and politicians have first been made by A. D owns. Using these assumptions and considering several structural characteristics of democracy, the author of this paper attempts to develop some tendencies of economic policy. Since these tendencies are not only subject to the political but also to the economic situation of the country in question, additional assumptions upon the structure of economy have to be made. The present paper deals with a growing economy; it is assumed to work on a high level of diversification and consumption. Some sectors expand however only slowly, others even decline. Given these assumptions, the governmental economic policy will favour I. sectors with low rates of growth, and 2. sectors with low capital/ employment ratios. There exist, however, priorities about the measures to be taken: Import restriction is preferred to export promotion, export promotion to a policy of public buying and storing; even less estimated are public subsidies (provided costs of storing can be neglected and/or elasticities of demand and supply are low). The paper finally shows, how the tendencies of economic policy vary by changing political and economic structures of democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A former director of Project Place in Boston shares her experience in working with runaways. Initially the project faced survival problems and problems with economics, politics, and the need for professional and agency support. One of the first areas that demands attention in a runaway house is the staffing. The staffing patterns that are required, the night shift schedules, the division of labor, house rules regarding drugs and the flexibility required are described. There is discussion of the philosophy towards runaways, the ongoing training that is required, and the need for research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the revolutionary changes in economics, politics, religion magnified the problem of business rigidity in most countries of the Western World, attention will be focused upon England, where the economic changes were the greatest and the economic history is the best. Series of commodity prices are the only available statistics either extensive or reliable enough to warrant an attempt to measure quantitatively the trend of rigidity. Forces powerful enough to compel labor to submit to the hated factory discipline were not lacking at the close of the century, when the textile and metallurgical inventions gave rise to large-scale enterprise. Under capitalist perhaps the best single objective test of business rigidity is the frequency of price changes over a period of time. Eighteenth-century price data are not complete or reliable enough to register minute gradations. Prices became more flexible, the guilds declined, the mobility of labor increased, and the triumph of laissez faire doctrines obstructed the enforcement of industrial regulations and weakened impediments to external commerce. All these tended to reduce the rigidity of business. However, the extent of the advance in flexibility is commonly exaggerated; for the essential elements of the mercantile system survived.

The article focuses on the psychological aspects of urbanology. There are as many sides to urbanology. Economics, politics, sociology, history, medicine, engineering, communication, transportation and many other subjects are involved. Probably the most neglected aspect of urbanology is that which has to do with the direct impact upon human psychology of the sensory perception of the man-made designs that are rapidly replacing the natural forms of the surroundings, to the point of almost total exclusion from the metropolitan milieu. The psychological response to the environment, or any other source of stimulation, is always a total reaction of the entire psyche in all its facets. Depending upon the age at exposure, detrimental affects of unfavorable surroundings might take the form of arrested or retarded development, or of deterioration after healthy progress. Uniformity and predictability of milieu may conceivably have much more drastic effects upon behavior than the mere discouragement of rambling movement, particularly among the young. An important component of the spirit of adventure is a craving for unanticipated experience.

The perspective of social interaction for the study of religion in the metropolitan area is found in the teachings of sociology and social psychology. Sociology has to do with "the social," i.e., with social interaction; with social interrelationships; with the influence of one person upon a group, or of a group upon a person or another group. Sociology is the science of the forms of human relationship as they influence, or are influenced by, particular social content. Since society and persons are aspects of each other, one may say that sociology has for its subject matter group processes and group structure as they are related to each other. Social groups have a variety of content: family, religion, economics, politics, education, recreation, health, etc. Sociology Is the science which studies the social process. Since social control is related to the attitudes and values which a particular cultural groups holds, they are interpreted in moral and ethical terms. Historically, religion has been closely associated with the moral values which characterize a society.

The article discusses various issues related to race relations in South Africa. In South Africa race relations obtrude in every field. They are the central issue in the country and contemporary studies in economics, politics, history, education, and religion all, of necessity, touch on them. Writers are preoccupied with the same theme and it forms the substance of most South African novels, plays, and biographies. Because the material is so abundant no attempt is made in this article to discuss it fully or even to provide an exhaustive bibliography, but attention is concentrated on some of the more notable contributions published during the past five years, and reference is made to a few earlier publications where this is necessary to explain later discussions. The great volume of material touching on race relations which has been published during the past five years in South Africa is a measure of one's pre-occupation with the issue. Most of it is concerned with the analysis of what existing relationships are, some of it is directed to the consideration of alternative policies.

While attempting to establish a workable methodology for the study of environmental perception through history at the undergraduate college level, it was discovered that certain socio-cultural institutions, i.e., economics, politics, religion, and science/technology, play a dominant role in the formation of human thought and subsequent behavior patterns. By reducing human action to categories, students find it possible to investigate the influence of essentially non-physical aspects of environment on environmental perception, and they discover how environmental perception maintains or alters socio-cultural conventions. Here, the Middle Ages provide an example of how one socio-cultural convention — religion — modified human thought, behavior, and environmental alteration. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article presents information on the quarterly publication "Index India." The publication endeavors to list, for the first time, all significant writing on India in the English language drawn from about 1,000 journals and newspapers from all over the world. The first four quarterly issues of this publication were brought out in mimeographed form in 1967, but beginning in 1968 it is available in printed form. The first issue for January-March 1968 runs to 250 pages and includes more than 10,000 entries. In addition to material drawn from journals and newspapers, thirty-five recent composite books containing essay-type studies on India have also been included. Entries are classified under the following major headings and many sub-headings, generalia, planning, economics, politics and government, elections, public administration, foreign relations, history, geography, sociology, education, library science, journalism and press, books and publishing. "Index India" is published by the Rajasthan University Library, Jaipur, India.

This article focuses on various associations and universities. Some of them are: British Sociological Association, There are 120 members on the mailing list, and the branch hopes to hold three one-day conferences a year in the Autumn, Spring and Summer. University of Aberdeen, For the second year running it has proved impossible because of shortage of staff to start teaching the post-graduate taught courses in the Sociology of Education and in Medical Sociology. University of Durham, Single Honours courses now exist both in Sociology and in Social Theory and Administration, the latter being a basic course leading to entry to postgraduate professional courses. The University of Leeds, Courses involving sociology have been reconstructed. Students reading the subject will now take three subjects in the first year instead of four, namely, economics, politics and sociology. University of Newcastle, Research grants have been recently received from the Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust for research into high fertility; from the Rowntree Trust for a study of income and expenditure patterns in Newcastle upon Tyne.

This article focuses on various issues, hypotheses and facts associated with laws for crime prevention. With the close of the World War II, the prevention of crime has once more assumed a foremost place in people's thinking on national affairs and this was not new for the U.S. But the primary requisites for any substantial progress, suggestively, consist in attempting to understand something of the magnitude of the problem and in viewing it in its true perspective. Criminal human behavior is clarified as a problem which embraces sociology, economics, politics, cultural backgrounds, law enforcement, psychology, psychiatry, penology, biology, physiology and other branches of comparable sciences. Several years ago, one panacea advanced to eliminate crime was supervised recreation. Independent research, however, established that the delinquent and potential delinquent were less apt to participate in supervised recreation than the non delinquent. During the recent war the subject of juvenile delinquency was one of the foremost topics for discussion in the U.S. Over-simplification of the complex problem of human behavior has seriously impeded any substantial progress in preventing crime. According to the author, considerable progress could be made through the establishment of a National Institute for Crime Research functioning under the direction of outstanding administrators in the field of scientific inquiry.