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Sufu, a traditional fermented soybean product, known for its cheese-like texture, has not been extensively studied regarding the mechanisms responsible for the formation of this unique texture in sufu gels. In order to explore this phenomenon, an analysis was conducted on the texture, physicochemical properties, and microstructure of sufu gels fermented by mucor racemosus at different intervals. The findings indicated no significant difference in water holding capacity (WHC) of sufu gel at 0 h, 24 h, and 48 h, but a notable increase in WHC was observed at 72 h and 96 h (p<0.05). The hardness of sufu gel at 72 h and 96 h was found to be low, with values of 4.8 ± 0.56 N and 4.99 ± 0.54 N, respectively, indicating a soft texture of sufu. The peak of protease activity at 48 h was 38.19 U/g. Following fermentation for 24 h and 48 h, the secondary structure of sufu gel was predominantly composed of β-sheet, while α-helix was the primary secondary structure at 72 h and 96 h. Analysis using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis revealed the network-like structures present in sufu gel. These findings offer valuable insights for enhancing gel properties and sensory characteristics. • Protease activity reached the peak value at 48 h. • Mucor racemosus fermentation changed the secondary structure of sufu gels. • Sufu gels fermented at 48 h possessing the smoothest and flattest surface. • The density of sufu gels were gradually increasing from 0 h to 96 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conversion of NO 3 −-N to N 2 is of great significance for zero discharge of industrial wastewater. Pd–Cu hydrogenation catalysis has high application prospects for the reduction of NO 3 −-N to N 2 , but the existing form of Pd–Cu, the Pd–Cu mass ratio and the H 2 evolution rate can affect the coverage of active hydrogen (*H) on the surface of Pd, thereby affecting N 2 selectivity. In this work, mesoporous carbon (MC) is used as support to disperse Pd–Cu catalyst and is applied in an in-situ electrocatalytic H 2 evolution system for NO 3 −-N removal. The Pd–Cu particles with the average size of 6 nm are uniformly encapsulated in the mesopores of MC. Electrochemical in-situ H 2 evolution can not only reduce the amount of H 2 used, but the H 2 bubbles can also be efficiently dispersed when PPy coated nickel foam (PPy/NF) is used as cathode. Moreover, the mesoporous structure of MC can further split H 2 bubbles, reducing the coverage of *H on Pd. The highest 77% N 2 selectivity and a relatively faster NO 3 −-N removal rate constant (0.10362 min−1) can be achieved under the optimal conditions, which is superior to most reported Pd–Cu catalytic systems. The prepared catalyst is further applied to the denitrification of actual deplating wastewater. NO 3 −-N with the initial concentration of 650 mg L−1 can be completely removed after 180 min of treatment, and the TN removal can be maintained at 72%. [Display omitted] • Pd–Cu nanoparticles are uniformly encapsulated in mesoporous carbon. • The catalyst is combined with in-situ electrochemical H 2 evolution for NO 3 −-N removal. • Mesoporous structure is beneficial for reducing *H coverage on the surface of Pd. • The possibility of N–N coupling increases and 77% N 2 selectivity is finally achieved. • The system has been successfully applied to the TN removal of deplating wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent chronic microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Understanding the progressive etiology of DN is critical for the development of effective health policies and interventions. Recent research indicated that polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) contaminate our diets and accumulate in various organs, including the liver, kidneys, and muscles. In this study, ten-week-old db/db mice and db/m mice were fed. Besides, db/db mice were divided into two groups: PS-MPs group (oral administration of 0.5 µm PS-MPs) and an H 2 O group, and they were fed for three months. A type II diabetes model was established using db/db mice to investigate the effects of PS-MPs on body weight, blood glucose level, renal function, and renal fibrosis. The results demonstrated that PS-MPs significantly exacerbated various biochemical indicators of renal tissue damage, including fasting blood glucose, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and blood uric acid. Additionally, PS-MPs worsened the pathological alterations and degree of fibrosis in renal tissue. An increased oxidative stress state and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were identified. Furthermore, PS-MPs significantly enhanced renal fibrosis by inhibiting the transition from epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells, specifically through the inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. The expression levels of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), Caspase-1, and cleaved Caspase-1, which are inflammasome proteins, were significantly elevated in the PS-MPs group. The findings suggested that PS-MPs could aggravate kidney injury and renal fibrosis in db/db mice by promoting NLRP3/Caspase-1 and TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathways. These findings had implications for elucidating the role of PS-MPs in DN progression, underscoring the necessity for additional research and public health interventions. [Display omitted] • Polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) exacerbate renal fibrosis and kidney damage in mice with diabetes. • Polystyrene microplastics contribute to the EMT process in diabetic mice by activating the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. • Polystyrene microplastics trigger pyroptosis through the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in diabetic mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are limited population studies on the neurodevelopmental effects of bisphenol F (BPF), a substitute for bisphenol A. Furthermore, the role of placental estradiol as a potential mediator linking these two factors remains unclear. To examine the association between maternal prenatal BPF exposure and infant neurodevelopment in a prospective cohort study and to explore the mediating effects of placental estradiol between BPF exposure and neurodevelopment in a nested case-control study. The prospective cohort study included 1077 mother-neonate pairs from the Wuhu city cohort study in China. Maternal BPF was determined using the liquid/liquid extraction and Ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Children's neurodevelopment was assessed at ages 3, 6, and 12 months using Ages and Stages Questionnaires. The nested case-control study included 150 neurodevelopmental delay cases and 150 healthy controls. Placental estradiol levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Generalized estimating equation models and robust Poisson regression models were used to examine the associations between BPF exposure and children's neurodevelopment. In the nested case-control study, causal mediation analysis was conducted to assess the role of placental estradiol as a mediator in multivariate models. In the prospective cohort study, the pregnancy-average BPF concentration was positively associated with developmental delays in gross-motor, fine-motor, and problem-solving (OR total ASQ : 1.14(1.05, 1.25), OR gross-motor : 1.22(1.10, 1.36), OR fine-motor : 1.19(1.07, 1.31), OR problem-solving : 1.11(1.01, 1.23)). After sex-stratified analyses, pregnancy-average BPF concentration was associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental delays in the gross-motor (OR gross-motor :1.30(1.12, 1.51)) and fine-motor (OR fine-motor : 1.22(1.06, 1.40)) domains in boys. In the nested case-control study, placental estradiol mediated 16.6% (95%CI: 4.4%, 35.0%) of the effects of prenatal BPF exposure on developmental delay. Our study supports an inverse relationship between prenatal BPF exposure and child neurodevelopment in infancy, particularly in boys. Decreased placental estradiol may be an underlying biological pathway linking prenatal BPF exposure to neurodevelopmental delay in offspring. [Display omitted] ● Prenatal BPF exposure was associated with infant neurodevelopmental delays. ● Prenatal BPF exposure was associated with neurodevelopmental delays in boys. ● Placental estradiol mediated the effects of BPF exposure on neurodevelopment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The luminescent properties of main-group metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can usually be modulated by organic ligands, and thus realizing temperature sensing over a wide range. Herein, a step-by-step decoration of hydroxyl groups on terephthalic acid (BDC) ligand was involved to regulate the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process of the ligands and thus the temperature sensing performance. Accordingly, the OH groups located on these ligands effectively regulate their luminescence sensing property with the absolute temperature sensing sensitivity following the order: DHBDC (0.62% K−1) > OHBDC (0.26% K−1) > BDC (no obvious linear relationship). Luminescent main-group MOFs with these ligands, namely MIL-53-Al-BDC/OHBDC/DHBDC and SNNU-301-Mg-DHBDC, were further selected to explore the temperature sensing performance. Thanks to the unique fluorescence characteristics of the DHBDC ligand, MIL-53-Al-DHBDC and SNNU-301-Mg-DHBDC both demonstrate excellent temperature sensing ability over a wide range (80–480 K) with the absolute temperature sensing sensitivity of 0.32% K−1 and 0.35% K−1, respectively. The compared luminescent spectra show that the stronger electron-donating ability of the substituents on the benzene ring can lead to the higher the electron cloud density in the MOF structure, and thus bring a higher temperature sensing sensitivity. This paper pays a new way for the exploration of practical wide-range MOF thermometers. [Display omitted] • Step-by-step regulation of ESIPT process by hydroxyl groups. • Main-group MOFs with ESIPT ligands. • MOFs with excellent wide-range temperature sensing performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crotonylation on lysine sites in human non-histone proteins plays a crucial role in biology activities. However, because traditional experimental methods for crotonylation site identification are time-consuming and labor-intensive, computational prediction methods have become increasingly popular in recent years. Despite its significance, crotonylation site prediction has received less attention in non-histone proteins than in histones. In this study, we proposed a Multi-View Neural Network for identification of Human Non-Histone Crotonylation sites, named MVNN-HNHC. MVNN-HNHC integrated multi-view encoding features and adaptive encoding features through multi-channel neural network to deeply learn about attribute differences between crotonylation sites and non-crotonylation sites from various aspects. In MVNN-HNHC, convolutional neural networks can obtain local information from these features, and bidirectional long short term memory networks were utilized to extract sequence information. Then, we employ the attention mechanism to fuse the outputs of various feature extraction modules. Finally, the fully connection network acted as the classifier to predict whether a lysine site was crotonylation site or non-crotonylation site. Performance metrics on independent test set, including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Matthews correlation coefficient, and area under the curve (AUC) values reach 80.06 %, 75.77 %, 77.06 %, 0.5203, and 0.7792, respectively. To verify the effectiveness of this method, we carry out a series of experiments and the results show that MVNN-HNHC is an effective tool for predicting crotonylation sites in non-histone proteins. The data and code are available on https://github.com/xbbxhbc/junjun0612.git. [Display omitted] • In this study, we proposed a deep learning framework to identify non-histone crotonylation sites, integrating multi-view encoding features. • MVNN-HNHC applied multi-channel neural network for various types of features to deeply learn about discriminative attributes. • CNN, BLSTM are used to extract features and reduce dimensions, so as to obtain more valuable information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A vibrating system with four reverse internal-driving degrees of freedom is proposed. • Self-balancing characteristics and stability are studied. • Stable states and the motion types in the different resonant regions are analyzed. • Test bench is designed to verify the correctness of the theory and analysis results. For self-synchronous vibrating systems, the large dynamic loads are usually transmitted by the system to the foundation, resulting in the problems of noise pollution, damaging the foundation, and exacerbating components and parts wear and tear, etc. In the current study, from the perspectives of mechanics and mechanism, we have discovered the principle of self-balancing based on self-synchronization theory, which can effectively solve these problems. First, a dynamical model with four internal degrees of freedom driven by four reverse-rotating exciters is proposed to study its synchronization, stability, and self-balancing characteristics. Then, in theory, the equations of motion, the criteria of synchronization and stability of the system are deduced using Lagrange's methods, the average method, and Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion, respectively. Based on the principle that the dynamic load transmitted to the foundation when the system realizes self-balancing is theoretically zero, the self-balancing conditions of the system are further provided. Based on these conditions, the stability and self-balancing characteristics of the system in different resonant regions are qualitatively analyzed numerically, including the stable phase differences among exciters, stability ability of the system, amplitudes of rigid frames, and motion characteristics. Finally, the simulations and experiments are further carried out to examine the correctness of the theoretical results and numerical analysis results. It's shown that the reasonable working point in engineering should be selected in the first sub-resonant region of the vibrating system. The present work can provide theoretical guidance for designing some new types of vibrating systems with the function of self-balancing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An internal drive vibrating system with three unbalanced rotors. • Synchronization, stability and self-balancing characteristic. • Stable states under the different resonant types. A new internal drive mechanism with four rigid frames (RFs) driven by three unbalanced rotors (URs), is proposed to investigate the stability and the self-balancing characteristic of the corresponding system in the present work. Based on Lagrange's equation, the differential motion equations of a vibrating system are deduced. Using the average method and Hamilton's principle, the criterion of synchronization for three URs and the stability criterion of the system, are established analytically, respectively. In addition, a self-balancing condition is proposed to further determine the resonance region that can achieve zero amplitude of the outer rigid frame (ORF) in theory. Dynamic characteristics of the system, including the stable states, the self-balancing ability, and the corresponding motion types of the system in different resonant regions, are qualitatively discussed in numeric. The validity of theoretical analytical results is proved by simulations and experiments. It is shown that the reasonable working points of the system should be selected in this region that the sub-resonant region for the two key natural frequencies with single-equilibrium stable operation state, in order to meet the engineering requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most existing person re-identification methods compute the matching relations between person images based on the similarity ranking. It lacks the global viewpoint and context consideration, inevitably leading to ambiguous matching results and sub-optimal performance. Based on a natural assumption that images belonging to the same identity should not match with images belonging to different identities across views, called the unicity of person matching on the identity level, we propose an end-to-end person unicity matching architecture to learn and refine the person matching relations. We first employ the image samples' context in feature space to generate the initial soft matchings using graph neural networks, and then utilize the samples' global context to refine the soft matchings and reach the matching unicity by bipartite graph matching. Considering real-world applications, we further develop a fast algorithm without losing performance. Experimental results on five public benchmarks show the superiority of the proposed method. • Unicity matching relieves ReID ambiguous matching and enhances performance. • Contextual information is utilized in both feature learning and similarity matching. • Unicity matching is achieved in both one-shot and multi-shot ReID, with a fast version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity is essential for promoting public health, and it is affected by the built environment at population level. Extensive evidence exists on the associations between the built environment and physical activity, but results are inconclusive for different age groups. Therefore, we conducted a narrative review summarizing existing reviews on the associations between the built environment and physical activity for children, adults and older people and synthesized their findings. We followed the PRISMA 2020 review procedure and searched for systematic reviews published between January 2010 and April 2022 in seven databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, SocIndex and Cochrane Library) using keywords related to the built environment, urban interventions, physical activity and health. The selection process yielded 29 reviews with moderate to high quality. From these reviews, we identified 21 built environment characteristics, several of which were positively related to physical activity. For example, children and older people's physical activity was positively associated with pedestrian-friendly features and general safety. Furthermore, adults and older people's physical activity was positively related to the availability and accessibility of shops/commercial services and parks/open spaces. Lastly, the walkability index was positively associated with physical activity in every age group. Our findings provide valuable information on creating health-promoting urban environments for practitioners. Further research is needed to understand which characteristics make urban environments age friendly for physical activity. Special attention should be paid to less explored promising characteristics such as street lighting and the quality of green spaces. • We found 21 destination, route and neighborhood-related built environment features. • Most characteristics had mixed or no associations with physical activity (PA). • Positive associations were mostly different for children, adults and older people. • Evidence on the relation of the built environment with PA was scarce for older people. • The findings on the three age groups help to create a Health-for-All environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Constructing an anode with fast electron transport and high cycling stability is important but challenging for large-scale applications of sodium-ion batteries (SIB). In this study, hierarchical flower-like MXene structures were synthesized using poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microsphere as templates. Subsequently, a straightforward hydrothermal reaction was utilized to anchor small-sized MoS 2 nanosheets. The resulting MXene@MoS 2 heterostructure exhibits a distinctive three-dimensional (3D) porous hollow architecture. This structure effectively addresses challenges related to self-aggregation of MoS 2 nanosheets and volume expansion of the electrode material during Na+ insertion/extraction processes. Furthermore, the robust hetero-interface supports fast and stable electron transfer, thereby enhancing electrochemical reaction kinetics. The prepared MXene@MoS 2 electrode demonstrates the specific capacity of 682.1 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A/g and the reversible capacity of 494.4 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles at 5 A/g. It is noteworthy that the full battery assembled with the composite material as the anode can still maintain the capacity of 456.2 mA h g−1 after 80 cycles at 0.5 A/g. This outstanding reversible capacity and sustained stability over numerous cycles highlights its potential for a wide range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Electrical bioadhesive interfaces (EBIs) are standing out in various applications, including medical diagnostics, prosthetic devices, rehabilitation, and human–machine interactions. Nonetheless, crafting a reliable and advanced EBI with comprehensive properties spanning electrochemical, electrical, mechanical, and self-healing capabilities remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we develop a self-healing EBI by thoughtfully integrating conducting polymer nanofibers and a typical bioadhesive within a robust hydrogel matrix. The accomplished EBI demonstrates extraordinary adhesion (lap shear strength of 197 kPa), exceptional electrical conductivity (2.18 S m−1), and outstanding self-healing performance. Taking advantage of these attributes, we integrated the EBI into flexible skin electrodes for surface electromyography (sEMG) signal recording from forearm muscles. The engineered skin electrodes exhibit robust adhesion to the skin even when sweating, rapid self-healing from damage, and seamless real-time signal recording with a higher signal-to-noise ratio (39 dB). Our EBI, along with its skin electrodes, offers a promising platform for tissue-device integration, health monitoring, and an array of bioelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glaucoma is characterized by pathological elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) due to dysfunctional trabecular meshwork (TM), which is the primary cause of irreversible vision loss. There are currently no effective treatment strategies for glaucoma. Mitochondrial function plays a crucial role in regulating IOP within the TM. In this study, primary TM cells treated with dexamethasone were used to simulate glaucomatous changes, showing abnormal cellular cytoskeleton, increased expression of extracellular matrix, and disrupted mitochondrial fusion and fission dynamics. Furthermore, glaucomatous TM cell line GTM3 exhibited impaired mitochondrial membrane potential and phagocytic function, accompanied by decreased oxidative respiratory levels as compared to normal TM cells iHTM. Mechanistically, lower NAD + levels in GTM3, possibly associated with increased expression of key enzymes CD38 and PARP1 related to NAD + consumption, were observed. Supplementation of NAD + restored mitochondrial function and cellular viability in GTM3 cells. Therefore, we propose that the aberrant mitochondrial function in glaucomatous TM cells may be attributed to increased NAD + consumption dependent on CD38 and PARP1, and NAD + supplementation could effectively ameliorate mitochondrial function and improve TM function, providing a novel alternative approach for glaucoma treatment. • Human glaucomatous TM cells GTM 3 exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction and NAD + deficiency. • The excessive NAD+ consumption of PARP1 and CD38 was the main cause of NAD+ deficiency. • NAD+ supplementation improved the mitochondrial and cellular function of glaucomatous TM cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large-scale cultivation of recently domesticated crops poses great potential disease risk, so rapid and comprehensive identification of pathogenic microbes is of great significance and value for the commercial development of wild plant resources. Akebia trifoliata is widely cultivated in various regions of China, although its domestication remains in the early stages. Here, to avoid large economic losses, we identified the pathogenic-like fungi of widely cultivated A. trifoliata based on causal relationship between pathogens and hosts such as discernible symptoms, fungal diversity and differentially expressed sequences in symptomatic and asymptomatic fruits. First, we observed partly discernible symptoms of four diseases (powdery mildew, anthracnose, fruit shrinkage and brown spot) by observing disease development in the field. Second, comparative analysis of the ITS sequences between the symptomatic and asymptomatic rind bulks suggested that Cercospora , Colletotrichum and Strelitziana could contain pathogenic-like fungi. Finally, interaction transcriptome sequencing afforded strong evidence for 20 pathogenic-like fungi associated with five reported diseases in A. trifoliata and other plants and seven putative unknown diseases, among which the pathogenic-like fungi causing anthracnose, powdery mildew and brown spot were the three top richness fungi in symptomatic fruit rind. This study provides a new strategy for the rapid identification of pathogenic-like fungi in plants and provides some reference for farmers to prevent and control A. trifoliata diseases. • A strategy was developed for rapid and efficient identification of plant pathogenic-like fungi. • The 20 pathogenic-like fungi were detected on Akebia trifoliata fruits. • Akebia trifoliata fruit diseases prediction was performed by comparative transcriptome sequencing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental exposure is widely recognized as the primary sources of Cadmium (Cd) in the human body, and exposure to Cd is associated with kidney damage in adults. Nevertheless, the role of DNA methylation in Cd-induced kidney damage remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the epigenome-wide association of environmental Cd-related DNA methylation changes with kidney damage. We included 300 non-smoking adults from the China in 2019. DNA methylation profiles were measured with Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip array. Linear mixed-effect model was employed to estimate the effects of urinary Cd with DNA methylation. Differentially methylated positions (DMPs) associated with urinary Cd were then tested for the association with kidney damage indicators. The mediation analysis was further applied to explore the potential DNA methylation based mediators. The prediction model was developed using a logistic regression model, and used 1000 bootstrap resampling for the internal validation. We identified 27 Cd-related DMPs mapped to 20 genes after the adjustment of false-discovery-rate for multiple testing among non-smoking adults. 17 DMPs were found to be associated with both urinary Cd and kidney damage, and 14 of these DMPs were newly identified within the Chinese. Mediation analysis revealed that DNA methylation of cg26907612 and cg16848624 mediated the Cd-related reduced kidney damage. In addition, ten variables were selected using the LASSO regression analysis and were utilized to develop the prediction model. It found that the nomogram model predicted the risk of kidney damage caused by environmental Cd with a corrected C-index of 0.779. Our findings revealed novel DMPs associated with both environmental Cd exposure and kidney damage among non-smoking adults, and developed an easy-to-use nomogram-illustrated model using these novel DMPs. These findings could provide a theoretical basis for formulating prevention and control strategies for kidney damage from the perspective of environmental pollution and epigenetic regulation. [Display omitted] • First study focus on environmental Cd-related DNA methylation with kidney damage. • Identify intervention targets for preventing kidney damage caused by environmental Cd. • Urinary Cd affected kidney damage by mediating the levels of DNA methylation. • Develop prediction models using DMPs to predict the kidney damage risk caused by Cd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration plays a crucial role in monitoring marine phytoplankton, holding significant implications for marine ecosystems and human livelihoods. Remote sensing serves as a valuable method for directly estimating Chl-a concentration and facilitating marine monitoring activities. In order to accurately estimate Chl-a concentration and effectively monitor the marine ecological environment of the Taiwan Strait, this paper introduces a novel neural network model called Convolutional Neural Network with Dual Attention Mechanism Optimization (CNN-CBAM). Additionally, the spectral bands derived from MODIS 500 m imagery are subjected to various processing techniques to generate four distinct sets of feature data. These datasets are subsequently merged with in-situ measurements of Chl-a concentration obtained from buoy stations. Given the limited availability of buoy stations, the temporal continuity of data is leveraged to overcome the spatial distribution constraints. This enables the estimation of Chl-a concentration at various time intervals within the research area of the Taiwan Strait. To evaluate the performance of the model, metrics such as root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and R2 are employed. The results demonstrate that the CNN-CBAM model, utilizing MODIS temporal data, effectively retrieves Chl-a concentration in the research area of the Taiwan Strait with high accuracy. For the CNN-CBAM model, the RMSE is 0.34 μg L−1, MAPE is 22%, and R2 is 0.86. In comparison, the traditional empirical model using the Band Ratio (BR) model has an RMSE of 0.61 μg L−1, MAPE of 57%, and R2 of 0.31. The results indicate that the CNN-CBAM model has improved R2 by 0.55 compared to the traditional BR model. Additionally, the RMSE and MAPE have decreased by 0.27 μg L−1 and 35%, respectively. The superiority of the CNN-CBAM model over the traditional BR model is evident, showcasing a substantial enhancement in the accuracy of Chl-a concentration retrieval. Given the challenges posed by the intricate and ever-changing marine environment, particularly the scarcity of in-situ buoy stations, this study offers a practical solution for monitoring Chl-a concentration. It establishes a framework for leveraging satellite-based multispectral sensors to enable large-scale and multi-temporal remote sensing retrieval of Chl-a concentration in the research area of the Taiwan Strait. • The CNN-CBAM model demonstrates exceptional performance in estimating Chl-a concentration. • The CNN-CBAM model excels in mining non-linear data compared to traditional empirical models. • CNN-CBAM outperforms other machine learning models in extracting high-dimensional feature data. • The incorporation of the CBAM module enhances the performance of the CNN model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• It is the first population PK study of LCM in Chinese children. • LCM clearance correlated more strongly with BSA than weight. • UA was potential factor that affecting the clearance. • Individualized dosing regimens based on BSA and UA were provided to pediatric patients. • Several remedial strategies were given to patients who missed or delayed doses. This study aims to investigate the effects on the pharmacokinetic (PK) of lacosamide (LCM), and to guide the individual dosing regimens for children and ones with poor medication adherence. Population PK research was performed based on 164 plasma samples of 113 pediatric patients aged from 1.75 to 14.42 years old. The PK characteristic of LCM was developed by a one-compartment model with first-order elimination. The typical value of apparent clearance (CL) and apparent volume of distribution (V d) was 1.91 L·h−1 and 56.53 L respectively. In the final model, the variability of CL was significantly associated with the body surface area (BSA) and elevated uric acid (UA) level. In contrast, the impact of some prevalent anti-seizure medicines, such as valproic acid, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, lamotrigine, and perampanel, and gene polymorphisms of Cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C19, ATP-binding cassette (ABC)B1, and ABCC2 had no clinical significance on the PK parameters of LCM. BSA-based dosing regimen of LCM was provided according to Monte Carlo simulation approach; while the dosage should reduce half in patients with an UA level of more than 400 μmol·L-1 comparing with an UA level of 100 μmol·L-1. Individualize remedial doses of about 0.5- to 1.5-fold of regular doses were recommended in six common scenarios of missed or delayed doses, that depended on the delayed time. In current study, the population PK model of LCM in children with epilepsy was developed successfully. The BSA-based dosing regimen and individualized remedial strategy were recommended to guarantee the precise administration of LCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of different types of pesticides can result in the coexistence of multiple pesticide residues in our food and the environment. This can have detrimental effects on the health of offspring across generations when parents are exposed to these pesticides. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the long-term effects that can be inherited by future generations when assessing the risks associated with pesticides. To study the genotoxic effects of commonly used pesticides, prochloraz (PRO) and chlorpyrifos (CHL), and assess whether their combined exposures have a different toxic effect, we modeled the transgenerational effects of parental (F0-generation) and/or offspring (F1-generation) exposures on zebrafish embryos in the F1-generation. Following the exposures, we proceeded to assess the impacts of these exposures on a range of biological processes in F1-generation zebrafish. Our results revealed that exposure to PRO and CHL altered multiple biological processes, such as inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and thyroid hormone synthesis, and detoxification system, providing molecular targets for subsequent studies on toxicity mechanisms. Notably, our study also found that the biological processes of F1-generation zebrafish embryos were altered even though they were not exposed to any pesticide when F0-generation zebrafish were exposed to PRO or CHL, suggesting potential genotoxicity. In conclusion, we provided in-vivo evidence that parental exposure to PRO and/or CHL can induce genotoxicity in the offspring. Moreover, we observed that the toxic effects resulting from the combined exposure were interactive, suggesting a potential synergistic impact on the offspring. [Display omitted] • Exposure to PRO and CHL altered multiple biological processes of F1-generation. • Parental exposure to PRO and/or CHL can induce genotoxicity in the offspring. • Combined exposure was interactive, suggesting a synergistic impact on the offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pedunculagin (PD) and tellimagrandin-I (TL), isolated from Myrciaria cauliflora seeds and Eucaliptus microcorys leaves, respectively, have attracted great attention owing to their relevant biological activities, such as antitumor, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective activities. This study investigated the angiogenic potential of PD and TL using a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Using the CAM assay, our results showed that both PD and TL promoted a significant increase in the number and caliber of blood vessels, the thickness of the CAM, and the presence of fibroblasts and inflammatory cells. Moreover, an increase of tumor necrosis factor-α and vascular endothelial growth factor was observed in the CAM treated with PD and TL, indicating the induction of angiogenic factors. Thus, the remarkable profile of PD and TL in inducing angiogenesis opens up new perspectives for their potential utilization in different therapeutic approaches involving neovascularization. • Angiogenic activity of PD and TL were assed in vivo by CAM assay. • PD and TL stimulates inflammation. • PD and TL promoted an increase of new blood vessels. • PD and TL increased the levels of TNF-α and VEGF in CAM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]