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The quality of the very early emotional experiences in a child's life are recognized today as foundational in the mental health of becoming an adult. Unsurprisingly, clinicians and health authorities agree on the importance of early detection and treatment of any mental health issues experienced by the preschool child. This is even more important and challenging as young children do not yet have the language skills necessary to express their distress. But do the caregivers in charge of these populations have the best tools at their disposal to carry out that important mission in an efficient and scientifically robust manner reflecting the latest research findings and scientific literature? This is the question we try to answer in this paper. We revisited the theoretical underpinnings behind the concept of mentalization as playing a key role in the ability to understand the other's inner reality. We then carried out an extensive review of scientific papers written over the past 30 years on the subject. We examined mental representations of the adult on the child and analyzed those mentalizations as key inputs. We focused on extracting cross analyses of the mentalizations of one child by several adults with different functions in the life of the child. In this process, we used the PRISMA methodology applied to large international medical databases. We found that the qualitative approach, usually associated with a lengthy process, has been overwhelmingly used in trying to assess patients' mental states and to analyze the mentalizations on the patient, adult or child. Furthermore, cross analyses of mentalizations from more than one adult on a given child were almost nonexistent, despite having high epistemic and clinical potential. There is a dearth of reliable quantitative tools, able to capture and analyze the mentalizations on a patient, that are scientifically robust, transposable, and easy to implement in a clinical setting. The absence of such tools for medical professionals in charge of assessing preschool children contributes, in our view, the low detection and poor treatment of mental disorders in that particularly vulnerable population. We believe there is here an urgent unmet need and that such tools should be designed, validated, and deployed into the target populations as early as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The 80 km/h speed limit is associated with a significant reduction in fatalities. • Estimated benefits are between 300 and 350 lives saved. • Estimated effects vary between counties, illustrating the potential impact depending on the local context. • The dynamics of the measure evolve over time. Introduction : Speeding is considered to be a major contributor to road fatalities and injuries worldwide. Inappropriate speeding behavior is associated with a high casualty burden. It could be responsible for at least 30% of road accidents. Method : In 2018, the French authorities decided to introduce a new speed limit. They lowered the speed limit to 80 km/h on the unseparated interurban network. The aim was to reduce the number of fatalities and injuries and to implement some measures in line with international commitments. This paper uses different econometric models applied to time series for different groups of counties. Results : The results show a significant positive contribution of the new speed limit. The estimated number of lives saved is between 300 and 350. The overall reduction in the number of fatalities is 10%. The results also show a differentiated impact according to the local context and the different dynamics at play. Conclusions and Practical Applications : The results of this paper are in line with the scientific literature on speed limit reductions. They represent a validation of a debated public decision, while at the same time consolidating the body of knowledge on the subject, helping the decision-maker to adopt an appropriate measure to improve road safety performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online fault diagnostics is a crucial consideration for fuel cell systems, particularly in mobile applications, to limit downtime and degradation, and to increase lifetime. Guided by a critical literature review, in this paper an overview of Health management systems classified in a scheme is presented, introducing commonly utilised methods to diagnose FCs in various applications. In this novel scheme, various Health management system methods are summarised and structured to provide an overview of existing systems including their associated tools. These systems are classified into four categories mainly focused on model-based and non-model-based systems. The individual methods are critically discussed when used individually or combined aimed at further understanding their functionality and suitability in different applications. Additionally, a tool is introduced to evaluate methods from each category based on the scheme presented. This tool applies the technique of matrix evaluation utilising several key parameters to identify the most appropriate methods for a given application. Based on this evaluation, the most suitable methods for each specific application are combined to build an integrated Health management system. • HMS methods for FC diagnosis are introduced and classified into three main categories. • New scheme is introduced categorising HMS methods by approach and characteristics. • Matrix evaluation is introduced rating HMS methods for individual FC application. • Method properties affect classification results requiring evaluation for each use case. • For FCs, feature extraction, reduction and fault classification methods are chosen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Moon is a highly valued destination for human space exploration because it is close and it contains a wide array of lunar and Solar System science targets, which include resources that could be used to sustain humans on the lunar surface. These resources have the potential to enable sustainable human space exploration, develop a vibrant cislunar economy, and directly benefit society here on Earth. However, recent rhetoric about the importance and value of these resources has used the term as if we know they are reserves. An immediate and vital next step has not yet been realized to define the reserve potential of such resources, and that is designing and implementing a coordinated international lunar resource evaluation (prospecting) campaign. This paper outlines the issues that need to be addressed by such a campaign, including why it needs to be international in nature and how the coordination can be started and evolved, as well as exploring the benefits that would come from prospecting on the Moon. • A distinction between lunar resources and lunar reserves is defined. • Roadblocks in the in-situ resource value chain are highlighted. • Reserve potential of lunar resources requires a coordinated prospecting campaign. • The prospecting campaign must be international due to the scale of the task. • Coordination can start at the grassroots level with current and scheduled missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As many services convert to digital based on human-machine communication technology, older adults face considerable challenges. With the goal to identify ways to design digital services that are easier for older adults to use, this paper uses the strategy of making self-ordering kiosks more similar to the original version (i.e., paper menu) focusing on three familiarity design approaches: representation, manipulation, and organization. A 2 (skeuomorphic vs. flat design) x 2 (hierarchical vs. linear navigation structure) between-subject design experiment was conducted with individuals aged over 65 years (N = 60). Participants perceived that the skeuomorphic design was easier to use compared to the flat design, and the linear navigation structure increased perceived self-efficacy, usefulness, and intention to use compared to the hierarchical navigation structure. Participants also completed the tasks more quickly in the skeuomorphic design (vs. flat design) and linear navigation structure (vs. hierarchical structure) conditions. Interaction effects suggest that the task completion time was further reduced when skeuomorphic design was used with a linear navigation structure. Furthermore, fewer people requested assistance when they used a linear navigation structure. Serial multiple mediation results showed that the influence of linear navigation structure on intention to use was mediated by perceived self-efficacy and usefulness. • Skeuomorphic design offers better user experience for seniors than the flat one. • Linear navigation structure offers better user experience for seniors than the hierarchical one. • Combining skeuomorphism and linear structure decreases the task completion time. • The effect of linear navigation structure on intention to use is mediated by self-efficacy and perceived usefulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexity of farming and rural communities poses challenges to research and extension initiatives seeking industry-wide change. The effectiveness of these initiatives depends on factors ranging from individual psychology to the science of effects. Tools like intervention logic models, which visualise the causal chain of an intervention through to its impact, are useful for programme planning but are of limited usefulness for comparing the relative benefits of initiatives. Benefit-cost analysis can quantify relative benefits, but applications often oversimplify the causal chain and leave key impacts unquantified. This paper aims to develop a benefit-cost analysis modelling framework that both captures the important causal logic from intervention to impact as well as quantifying and monetising key benefit categories. We apply the framework to value the impacts of 'Hill Country Futures', a programme of research and extension designed to assist in future-proofing the environmental sustainability, profitability, and well-being of New Zealand's hill country farmers, their farm systems, and communities. The QUICK (Quantifying and Understanding the Impact of Capability and Knowledge) model uses an agent-based simulation to represent processes of skill development and practice improvement that result from both extension activities for management and research tools as well as the use of those tools. We calibrate the model using a combination of an external predictive adoption model, an expert workshop, and researcher judgment. We use a choice experiment to value simulated changes in financial, environmental, community, and well-being outcomes. We explore how optimising the programme of extension interventions through targeting could increase impact. Our results suggest that the benefits of the 'Hill Country Futures' programme outweigh the costs by a factor of 13.5. We find that targeting extension efforts towards building awareness could be slightly more beneficial than targeting both awareness and skill development. We find no evidence that targeting extension efforts towards the best resource would be beneficial. This paper combines desirable features from intervention logic models, benefit-cost analysis, choice modelling, and agent-based models to value the benefits of a large programme of research and extension. It highlights that such modelling can be useful for evaluating both planned and complete programmes. [Display omitted] • Programme evaluation is dominated by qualitative research and would often benefit from more quantitative analysis. • We evaluate Hill Country Futures, designed to improve the sustainability and profitability of hill country farmers. • We combine intervention logic models with benefit-cost analysis using an agent-based approach informed by choice modelling. • Our results suggest that the programme will deliver substantial benefits compared to costs, with a benefit-cost ratio of 13.5. • We show the potential of using intervention logic with benefit-cost analysis to value agricultural research and extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A road safety policy index consisting of 10 items is proposed. • The index is applied to evaluate road safety policy in Norway. • Different estimators of effect are compared. • Road safety policy has been effective in reducing fatal injury. The paper presents an exploratory study of a road safety policy index developed for Norway. The index consists of ten road safety measures for which data on their use from 1980 to 2021 are available. The ten measures were combined into an index which had an initial value of 50 in 1980 and increased to a value of 185 in 2021. To assess the application of the index in evaluating the effects of road safety policy, negative binomial regression models and multivariate time series models were developed for traffic fatalities, fatalities and serious injuries, and all injuries. The coefficient for the policy index was negative, indicating the road safety policy has contributed to reducing the number of fatalities and injuries. The size of this contribution can be estimated by means of at least three estimators that do not always produce identical values. There is little doubt about the sign of the relationship: a stronger road safety policy (as indicated by index values) is associated with a larger decline in fatalities and injuries. A precise quantification is, however, not possible. Different estimators of effect, all of which can be regarded as plausible, yield different results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Research into hazard perception training has focused primarily on drivers. • Training was found to improve hazard perception with moderate to large effects. • Training should employ a method which actively engages the participants. • There is considerable heterogeneity in the training methods and measures used. • Future research is needed in long-term retention. Hazard perception (HP) has been argued to improve with experience, with numerous training programs having been developed in an attempt to fast track the development of this critical safety skill. To date, there has been little synthesis of these methods. Objective: The present study sought to synthesise the literature for all road users to capture the breadth of methodologies and intervention types, and quantify their efficacy. Data Sources: A systematic review of both peer reviewed and non-peer-reviewed literature was completed. A total of 57 papers were found to have met inclusion criteria. Results: Research into hazard perception has focused primarily on drivers (with 42 studies), with a limited number of studies focusing on vulnerable road users, including motorcyclists (3 studies), cyclists (7 studies) and pedestrians (5 studies). Training was found to have a large significant effect on improving hazard perception skills for drivers (g = 0.78) and cyclists (g = 0.97), a moderate effect for pedestrians (g = 0.64) and small effect for motorcyclists (g = 0.42). There was considerable heterogeneity in the findings, with the efficacy of training varying as a function of the hazard perception skill being measured, the type of training enacted (active, passive or combined) and the number of sessions of training (single or multiple). Active training and single sessions were found to yield more consistent significant improvements in hazard perception. Conclusions: This study found that HP training improved HP skill across all road user groups with generally moderate to large effects identified. HP training should employ a training method that actively engages the participants in the training task. Preliminary results suggest that a single session of training may be sufficient to improve HP skill however more research is needed into the delivery of these single sessions and long-term retention. Further research is also required to determine whether improvements in early-stage skills translate to improvements in responses on the road, and the long-term retention of the skills developed through training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial environments present unique challenges in ensuring worker safety and optimizing productivity. The emergence of smart wearable technologies such as smart insoles has provided new opportunities to address these challenges through accurate unobtrusive monitoring and analysis of workers' activities and physical parameters. This systematic review aims to analyze the utilization of smart wearable insoles in industrial environments, focusing on their applications, employed analysis methods, and potential future directions. A comprehensive review was conducted, involving the analysis of 27 papers that utilized smart wearable insoles in industrial settings. The reviewed articles were evaluated to determine the trends in application and methodology, explore the implementation of smart insoles across different industries, and identify the prevalent machine learning models and analyzed activities in the relevant literature. The majority of the reviewed articles (67%) primarily focused on human activity recognition and gesture estimation using smart wearable insoles, aiming to enhance safety and productivity in industrial settings. Furthermore, 10% of the studies focused on fatigue identification, 10% on slip, trip, and fall hazard detection, and 13% on biomechanical analyses of workers' body joint loads. The construction industry accounted for approximately 60% of the studies conducted in industrial settings using smart insoles. The most prevalent machine learning models utilized in these studies were neural networks (48%), support vector machines (33%), k-nearest neighbors (30%), decision trees (26%), and random forests (15%). These models achieved median accuracies of 95%, 96%, 91%, 92%, and 95%, respectively. Among the analyzed activities, walking, bending with/without lifting/lowering a load, and carrying a load were the most frequently considered, with frequencies of 10, 10, and 7 out of the 27 studies, respectively. The findings of this systematic review demonstrate the growing interest in implementing smart wearable insoles in industrial environments to enhance safety and productivity. However, the effectiveness of these systems is dependent on factors such as accuracy, reliability, and generalizability of the models. The review highlights the need for further research to address these challenges and to explore the potential of these systems for use in other industrial applications such as manufacturing. Overall, this systematic review provides valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in the field of occupational health and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This invited discussion paper highlights key updates in the MRC/NIHR's revised framework for the development and evaluation of complex nursing interventions and reflects on the implications for nursing research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Establish an ecosystem service function assessment system applicable to high mountain and deep valley areas. • The refined valuation will help to accurately protect ecosystems in areas with complex topography. • EWM can be well applied to weight the study area with large spatial heterogeneity. • The southern part of the study area is more ecologically important than the northern part. Refined evaluation of ecosystem service functions in deep valleys in high mountain areas is an important means of precise protection of ecosystems. As the population continues to increase, human needs and demands on ecosystems continue to increase, and deep valleys in high mountain areas with good ecological integrity face the risk of development, it is urgent to balance protection and development and carry out precise protection of ecosystems. Based on the principles of typicality, specificity, feasibility and sustainability, this paper constructs an evaluation system for the ecosystem service function of the alpine deep valley area, consisting of 12 indicators from four aspects: Regulating functions, Provisioning functions, Supporting functions and Cultural functions. The Entropy Weight method was used to assign the weights of the relevant indicators in a hierarchical manner, and to complete the evaluation of the importance of ecosystem service functions and the importance zoning of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that: the importance of the ecosystem service functions of the Southeast Tibetan Plateau gradually decreases from southwest to northeast; the extremely important area is mainly distributed in the forest ecosystems with good originality and integrity in the south, accounting for 2.61% of the total area of the region, which needs to focus on ecological protection; the slightly important area is mainly distributed in the northern high altitude area with low vegetation cover and weak soil and water conservation capacity and grassland ecosystem, accounting for 58.89% of the total area of the region, which can be prioritized for development. The results of the study provide new ideas for precise protection of ecosystems and resolution of conflicts between ecological protection and development, as well as for the planning of functional areas for ecosystem services in deep valleys of high mountains, and also provide scientific references for regional sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CUDA toolkits are widely used to develop applications running on NVIDIA GPUs. They include compilers and are frequently updated to integrate state-of-the-art compilation techniques. Hence, many HPC users believe that the latest CUDA toolkit will improve application performance; however, considering results from CPU compilers, there are cases where this is not true. In this paper, we thoroughly evaluate the impact of CUDA toolkit version on the performance, power consumption, and energy consumption of GPU applications with four GPU architectures. Our results show that though the latest CUDA toolkit obtains the best performance, power consumption, and energy consumption for many applications in most cases, but we found a few exceptions. For such applications, we conducted an in-depth analysis using the SASS to identify why older CUDA toolkit achieve performance improvement. Our analysis showed that the factors that caused them are by three phenomena: aggressive loop unrolling, inefficient instruction scheduling, and the impact of host compilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To promote energy saving, high efficiency and quality production in the mechanical manufacturing industry, a large number of studies have been conducted on modelling and evaluation. However, most of the approaches have focused on single objective modelling, evaluation and conventional machining method like unidirectional turning (UDT). This paper presents a multi-objective modelling and evaluation method for energy, efficiency, economy and quality using a new process of forward-and-reverse multidirectional turning (MDT). Firstly, the multi-objective influential factors of cutting parameters for energy consumption, cutting time, production cost and surface roughness of MDT are analyzed to establish the corresponding models, respectively. Then taking the energy consumption, cutting time, production cost and surface roughness as the objectives, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is applied for the multi-objective evaluation through different processes. Finally, the case study shows the practicability of the MDT method and evaluation method for energy optimization and energy conservation. • Proposing a new method of energy saving and high efficiency production oriented multidirectional turning (MDT). • Illustrating the characteristics of MDT. • Establishing entropy-weight and fuzzy evaluation models. • Analyzing the practicability of the multi-objective evaluation and models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growing share of the climate-sensitive renewable energy market supply in China, estimating future energy drought risk (ED) is essential. In this paper, based on CMIP6, energy demand and power generation are estimated from 2023 to 2100 under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 climate scenarios, and ED is defined from high demand (HD), low wind-solar generation (LWS), and residual load (RL). The results show that the ED exacerbation is relatively high under the SSP5-8.5. Between 2023 and 2100, the duration and severity of HD and RL notably increase, while LWS changes are relatively weak. We find that HD and RL exhibit high summer risks in the south and high winter risk in the north. The return periods vary significantly and extends over time in most regions. Moreover, there are few ED when the installed power generation capacity (IPGC) is increased. When the IPGC increases by 2%–5%, the LWS will decrease at least 20%–72%. With a 10% increase, the LWS will be mitigated by at least 80%, whereas the mitigation for RL is limited, approximately 3–17% at different rates. This work performs the first evaluation of future ED and provides the useful references for risk mitigation in China based on CMIP6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-agency initiatives as a response to complex crimes, such as stalking, pose conceptual and operational challenges for practitioners and evaluators. This study addresses these challenges, by combining a theory of change driven approach with the realist-inspired EMMIE evaluation framework to present findings from a pilot multi agency stalking intervention partnership in England and Wales. The study uses a mixed methods approach based on analysis of police data and semi-structured interviews with stakeholders to present a process and effect evaluation of a complex social intervention. Findings based on a small sample and limited follow up period show nonsignificant results in terms of reducing the harmful effects of stalking, but which are encouragingly in the right direction. The case study demonstrates the importance of a theory driven approach to multi-agency evaluation and identifies essential factors necessary for ensuring implementation success. A theory of change driven approach and an EMMIE-inspired evaluation can help identify whether interventions work, how they work, for whom they work, and under what conditions. It demonstrates the importance of data collection and provision for long term evaluation plans, especially for complex social interventions. The paper makes a significant methodological and empirical contribution to evaluation literature. • A complex crime like stalking requires a co-ordinated multi-agency, multi-strategic interventional approach. • Evaluations framed by a theory of change driven approach combined with an EMMIE inspired realist framework are valuable. • Our evaluation measures what works, as well asunderlying mechanisms and contextual conditions that make it work. • It provides practitioners and policy makers with a roadmap to set up future partnerships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Convey the knowledge acquired by IKT during the last 25 years on CIPP lining. • Analyse the key variables for a transparent quality assessment for CIPP projects. • Identify crucial research gaps that need to be investigated in the future. Deterioration of buried water and sewer pipes is a significant concern among utilities around the world. Cured-In-Place-Pipe (CIPP) is one of the techniques commonly adopted to rehabilitate pipes. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a brief, but comprehensive, summary of information needed by researchers, engineers and municipalities to recognize the barriers and difficulties that may arise during CIPP sewer rehabilitation work. Thus, this paper outlines the issues and challenges associated with CIPP rehabilitation of main and lateral sewers by analyzing a series of projects conducted by IKT-Institute for Underground Infrastructure in Germany over the last two decades. Finally, ideas for further research are then proposed to reduce the obstacles and risks linked with this technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Will this paper lead to any measurable impact on biodiversity conservation? In this essay, we examine the relevance of scientific publications for conservation outcomes and propose specific recommendations to encourage procedural reforms in academia. While many conservation scientists dedicate significant effort to making their research accessible and actionable for conservation outcomes, academia often doesn't reward these efforts and can even inhibit them. Universities increasingly promote engaged scholarship, yet few institutions have established formal mechanisms that promote and reward such work. We suggest a new framework to support engaged universities and propose three recommendations for research institutions. Our recommendations are based on 71 interviews of conservation scientists producing actionable science. We recommend that universities: (1) actively support faculty engagement in boundary-spanning work, providing an interface between research and society; (2) meaningfully reward faculty work that makes a genuine impact on efforts to solve real-world problems, beyond academic publications; and (3) use appropriate metrics to recognize the value of impacts on society and contributions to practical conservation outcomes. Universities supporting engaged scholarship have the potential to excel in attracting talented scholars, securing funding, and fostering impactful change. • We provide specific recommendations to reform academia for conservation scientists. • Our recommendations are based on 71 interviews with engaged conservation scientists. • Academic institutions should fully embrace their role of boundary organizations. • Academic institutions should incentivize faculty to tackle real-world challenges. • Scientists' evaluation metrics should reflect real conservation outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most case and comparative studies discuss urban characteristics that can hardly be influenced by urban transport policies. However, these studies do not quantify the impact of the so-called contextual factors on car ownership and car use. This paper focuses on these contextual factors and their associations with car ownership and car use. Regression models show that contextual factors - such as city size, the share of households with children and the jobs-housing balance - explain a substantial part of the variance in car ownership and car trips in 44 German cities. Residual analyses reveal that neglecting contextual factors leads to biases in comparative studies and consequently in the evaluation of urban transport policies. Thus, there is a risk that cities with favourable contextual factors may be mistakenly viewed as successful examples of transport policy, whereas successful policies in cities with less favourable contextual factors may be overlooked. • Contextual factors explain a large part of variance in car ownership and car trips. • Residual analyses show: Neglecting contextual factors leads to bias in benchmarking. • Transport policies should be evaluated while accounting for contextual factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic liver diseases mainly include chronic viral liver disease, metabolic liver disease, cholestatic liver disease (CLD), autoimmune liver disease, and liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Notably, the compound formulas of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is effective for chronic liver diseases in clinical trials and basic research in vivo , which provide evidence of chronic liver disease treatment with integrated TCM and traditional Western medicine. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the compound formulas of TCM for treating different chronic liver diseases to elucidate the composition, main curative effects, and mechanisms of these formulas and research methods. Different keywords related to chronic liver diseases and keywords related to the compound formulas of TCM were used to search the literature. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CNKI were searched to screen out original articles about the compound formulas of TCM related to the treatment of chronic liver diseases, mainly including clinical trials and basic in vivo research related to Chinese patent drugs, classic prescriptions, proven prescriptions, and hospital preparations. We excluded review articles, meta-analysis articles, in vitro experiments, articles about TCM monomers, articles about single-medicine extracts, and articles with incomplete or uncertain description of prescription composition. Plant names were checked with MPNS (http://mpns.kew.org). In this review, the clinical efficacy and mechanism of compound formulas of TCM were summarized for the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, CLD, and liver fibrosis or cirrhosis developed from these diseases and other chronic liver diseases. For each clinical trial and basic research in vivo , this review provides a detailed record of the specific composition of the compound formulas of TCM, type of clinical research, modeling method of animal experiments, grouping methods, medication administration, main efficacy, and mechanisms. The general development process of chronic liver disease can be summarized as chronic hepatitis, liver fibrosis or cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The compound formulas of TCM have some applications in these stages of chronic liver diseases. Owing to the continuous progress of medical technology, the benefits of the compound formulas of TCM in the treatment of chronic liver diseases are constantly changing and developing. [Display omitted] • Review on the progress of compound formulas of TCM in the treatment of chronic liver disease from 1997 to 2023. • Focused on the compound formulas of TCM for HBV, NAFLD, CLD, hepatic fibrosis, etc. • Summarized the research scheme and results of compound formulas of TCM intervention in chronic liver disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the question of whether and how the development and use of a domain-specific modeling method (DSMM) can increase productivity in the development of technical systems in an industrial setting. This is because an essential prerequisite for DSMMs to become established in operational practice is that productivity increases can be achieved with them and qualitative benefits such as quality assurance, innovation potential, and the like can be exploited. After all, managers' decisions are ultimately based on whether or not the use of a new method pays off. We illustrate our findings using the example of a DSMM development for the design and realization of electric vehicle testbeds, which we carried out as part of a cooperation project. This work sets the base for possible generalization into other automotive, mechatronic, and technical areas. • Proof of productivity increases in system development using domain-specific modeling. • Development of a domain-specific modeling method for testbeds for electric vehicles. • Development for practical use with the involvement of future users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and greenspace can affect respiratory health. However, it is unclear whether effects of neighborhood SES and greenspace on respiratory health still exist regardless of temperature variations. This paper conducted a two-stage, age-stratified case time-series study. The first goal is to examine the associations between two temperature metrics (daily mean temperature [DMT] and diurnal temperature range [DTR]) and respiratory emergency department (ED) visits among four age groups in New York City. The second goal is to evaluate whether neighborhood SES and greenspace would be determinants of respiratory ED visits independent from temperature varying factors. A distributed lag nonlinear model was applied on ED data from 135 zip codes (October 2016 - February 2020). Our first-stage analysis indicated that older adults aged 65+ had higher risk of ED visits (RR=2.78, 95% eCI: 2.41, 3.22; with 7 days of lag) on days with low DMT (-10 °C), followed by adults aged 18-64 (RR=2.48, 95% eCI: 2.32, 2.65), children and youth aged 5-17 (RR=1.38, 95% eCI: 1.24, 1.53), and young children aged 0-4 (RR=1.04, 95% eCI: 0.96, 1.13). However, no excess respiratory ED visits were observed on days with high DMT (30 °C). Higher DTR was associated with higher risk, with children and youth more susceptible when DTR was high (DTR 20 °C; RR=5.70, 95% eCI: 3.42, 9.49; with 7 days of lag). The second-stage analysis indicated neighborhood SES and greenspace had significant associations with respiratory ED visits regardless of temperature variations. Specifically, Higher income and greenspace exposure were negatively associated with ED visits among all age groups. Neighborhood SES and greenspace could affect respiratory morbidity regardless of weather conditions. Daily temperature variations accelerated the short-term risk among population subgroups under different weather conditions (e.g., higher risk of days with low DMT among older adults, higher risk of days with high DTR among children and youth aged 5-17), which could create co-effects with neighborhood SES and greenspace on respiratory health. • Respiratory ED visit was significantly associated with both DMT and DTR. • Older adults more vulnerable to low DMT (RR=2.78, 95% eCI: 2.41, 3.22). • Youth aged 5-17 more vulnerable to high DTR (RR=5.70, 95% eCI: 3.42, 9.49). • SES and greenspace associated with respiratory ED visit regardless of temperature. • Intracity examination of impacts of DMT and DTR on health allows local actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identity sharing systems, regardless of their architectural models, share common vulnerabilities. These systems compel users to divulge personal information and furnish proof of identity for accessing services, leaving them susceptible to data breaches that can culminate in identity theft and jeopardize online data security. While blockchain technology offers a potential remedy, delivering enhanced security, immutability, and traceability, it simultaneously raises pertinent concerns surrounding privacy and transparency. The integration of zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) technology has emerged as a promising solution, particularly in enhancing privacy within the transparent blockchain ecosystem. Our paper conducts an exhaustive survey of the existing literature, with a particular focus on the assimilation of ZKP technology into blockchain for the secure sharing of user identities. We undertake a critical evaluation of the advancements achieved in this domain, pinpoint the formidable challenges that must be confronted, and uncover nascent opportunities for further exploration. Our contribution transcends the realms of mere summarization and analysis; we go a step further by offering recommendations drawn from real-world case studies and delineating future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AES is the most widely used symmetric cipher. Many cryptographic primitives are designed following the structure of AES, called AES-like ciphers. Mixture differential cryptanalysis is a structural cryptanalysis technique for AES, which gave the best key recovery attack on 5-round AES in the chosen-plaintext setting and attacks with practical data and memory complexities on round-reduced AES. In this paper, we study the mixture differential attacks on 6 rounds of AES-like ciphers, and propose two improved attacks towards optimizing time and data complexities respectively. As an application to AES, we give the improved mixture differential attack on 6 rounds of AES-128 with time complexity 2 62. 74 , reducing by a factor of 2 10. 26 compared with the previous mixture differential attack. For low data complexity, we show the improved 6-round mixture differential attack on AES-128 with data complexity 2 24. 05 , reducing by a factor of about 4. We also apply two attacks to 6 super-rounds of Saturnin, one of the second-round candidates in NIST lightweight cryptography standardization process, which is the first security evaluation of Saturnin against mixture differential cryptanalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inconsistencies within the 68Ga half-life dataset have been repeatedly identified in nuclear decay data evaluations performed over the past decade. In this paper, a half-life has been determined using ionisation chambers measurements and HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry (T 1/2 = 67.783(27) min). The current literature has been reviewed and possible causes of discrepancy have been identified, such as neglected contaminant effects, robustness of analysis, and underestimation of systematic effects. This could lead to a significant improvement of the half-life in future evaluations. • New determination of the 68Ga half-life. • Measurements via ionisation chamber and gamma spectrometry. • Comparison of the new half-life against the previous 1971 NPL value. • Review of the 11 half-life determinations making up the current dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The covid-19 pandemic has shown how an unpredictable event may affect the sustainability of the entire food supply chain highlighting the need for a sustainable approach to food logistics. While existing literature has focused on production and consumption, little attention has been paid to measuring social sustainability in food transportation. This is a critical gap, as transportation plays a vital role in ensuring the timely and safe delivery of food. This paper proposes a novel approach to measure social sustainability in the context of food logistics within a South European food processing company. The focus is on assessing social procurement practices at the level of logistics suppliers. The methodology developed is based on two levels, seven dimensions, and twenty-one food logistics social sustainability indicators. To validate this, the methodology is adopted to assess the social procurement of five food logistics suppliers (FLS) of a European food company and found significant variations in performance across different dimensions. The results suggest that the dimension in which suppliers perform well are: "characteristics and work welfare", "health of employees", and "human rights implementation and integration". On the other hand, the dimensions that score lowest for all suppliers are "diversity and equal opportunities", "external stakeholder community capital", and "innovation practices". The strength of this methodology lies in its ability to quantify social sustainability in food logistics and its practical implementation within the food logistics company, as well as among its logistics suppliers, in terms of social procurement. The results offer valuable insights and suggestions for the case study food company to improve their consideration of social sustainability aspects in a more comprehensive and effective manner throughout their business operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]