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Present study deals with water quality (WQ) assessment season-wise ionic concentration in the Mewat district of Haryana, India. A total of 36 groundwater samples were collected, 12 each for the pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons of 2016, to know the status of WQ for drinking and irrigation purposes. Piper, Durov, and Gibbs plots were used to find out the water type and the factors controlling the chemistry of groundwater, respectively. Piper diagram reveals that Ca-Cl and mixed Ca–Mg-C1 typed water during the pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post monsoon season's where- Na-Cl water type indicates salinity problem. Gibb's plot depicted that the weathering of rocks is the major reason behind the ionic chemistry of the groundwater. Water Quality Index (WQI) has been calculated to know the overall WQ based on physico-chemical parameters estimated for this study. It was found that Na+ concentration was dominant among cations and Cl- among anions. Moreover, irrigation indices (KR, RSC, P.I, Cl–/HCO3–,SAR, and Na%) represent that majority of the groundwater samples during pre-monsoon (PRM) season were suitable for agricultural purposes but in monsoon (MON) and post monsoon (POM) season majority of samples lie in an unsuitable zone. The groundwater in the study region presents a high risk of salinization. Using the baseline data generated through this work, there is an immediate need for carrying out a detailed study to address the groundwater issues, understand salinity mechanisms, expansion of salinization in the fresh water aquifers and to suggest suitable management and remedial measures. Extension of this work is being carried out in the form of a purpose driven study under the National Hydrology Project aided by the World Bank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

River systems are vital for both civilization and biodiversity. The rising threats to it is due to the rapid industrialization and urbanization, resulting in heightened wastewater discharge. This study delves into the Ramganga River watershed in India, conducting a comprehensive assessment of its water quality for both drinking and irrigation purposes. A total of 84 water samples were collected from three streams, further categorized into two clusters, involving the evaluation of 30 water characteristics. To measure water suitability, the CCME-WQI was computed, revealing distinct categorizations during the Dry Season (DS) and Wet Season (WS) in the year 2019-20. Cluster 1, comprising Sampling Sites-1 (S-1), Sampling Sites-3 (S-3), and Sampling Sites-5 (S-5), fell within the fair category during DS, shifting to marginal during WS. Cluster 2, encompassing S-2, S-4, S-6, and S-7, remained in the poor category during DS, transitioning to marginal during WS. IWQI was employed to assess water quality for irrigation. Notably, S-1 and S-3 consistently fell under the high suitability category, while S-2 exhibited high suitability during DS and medium suitability during WS. S-4 remained in the medium suitability category for both seasons. In contrast, S-5, S-6, and S-7 demonstrated medium suitability during DS and high suitability during WS. Cations and anions assessment unveiled an alkaline dominance Calcium (Ca2+) and Magnesium (Mg2+) exceeding alkalis Sodium (Na+) and Potassium (K+), while anions depicted weak acid Bicarbonates (HCO3-) and Carbonates (CO3-) surpassing strong acid Sulphate (SO42-) and Chloride (Cl2-), with an exception at S-4 during DS. The USSL diagram indicated medium-high salinity and low sodium levels, signifying potential irrigation suitability. The study extends to heavy metal concentrations, indicating adherence to standard limits, except for elevated iron levels. These findings furnish invaluable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in water resource management, providing a nuanced understanding of challenges and opportunities in sustaining water quality in the Ramganga River watershed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]