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Introduction: Bai-Hu-Tang (BHT), a classical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, has been extensively used to treat many infectious diseases and high fever syndrome. However, the specific mechanisms and molecular targets affected by BHT have not been thoroughly investigated in the context of treating systemic inflammatory response. This study aimed to explore the comprehensive protein mechanism of BHT during treatment of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) systemic inflammatory response. Methods: The rabbit model of the systemic inflammatory response was established by LPS intravenous injection (15 μg/kg·bw), and aqueous extract of BHT was administrated by gavage to the model rabbits. At the same time, a group of normal rabbits were also gavaged with BHT alone. Based on liver histopathological study, total liver protein was extracted, and two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC) - tandem mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling analysis was employed to identify and quantify the liver proteome. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were screened through comparing with control animals, and bioinformatics analysis was conducted to explore kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways enrichment and protein clustering among different groups. Real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of 4 ribosomal proteins to verify the proteomic results. Results: The results showed that ribosome biogenesis is the most significant biological process and ribosomal DEPs mainly distribute in the large subunit of ribosome during the BHT treatment to the LPS systemic inflammatory response. RT-PCR confirmed that BHT had an effect on mRNA expression of ribosome proteins. Discussion: Therefore, the biological pathway of ribosome biogenesis and the regulation of ribosomal proteins may be the cruicial factors when employing BHT for the treatment of the systemic inflammatory response induced by LPS.

Gels with excellent ionic conductivity and resilience to temperature extremes are sought in practical applications due to their potential for building flexible and wearable soft electronics. In this work, highly conductive eutectogels are fabricated by one‐step polymerization of (3‐acrylamidopropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride in deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Owing to the ion‐conductive polymer networks facilitating ion conduction, these eutectogels exhibit a significant enhancement in ionic conductivity (27.1 mS cm−1), demonstrating an order of magnitude higher than that of pure DES. Furthermore, due to several unique properties of DES, these eutectogels exhibit excellent stretchability (>1000%), good adhesion, as well as nonflammability performance over a wide temperature range (−40 to 100°C). Moreover, the strain sensor based on the eutectogel shows a highly sensitive response (gauge factor = 6.92) to a broad strain range (from 450% to 550%), enabling the accurate and reliable detection of various human movements. Additionally, our findings reveal that the eutectogel‐based sensor displays a comparable pattern of response curves with negligible signal deterioration, even at extreme temperatures of −20 and 60°C. The results of this work will promote novel applications in the construction of flexible and safe devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyamines are ubiquitous in almost all biological entities and involved in various crucial physiological processes. They are also closely associated with the onset and progression of many diseases. Polyaminopathies are a group of rare genetic disorders caused by alterations in the function of proteins within the polyamine metabolism network. Although the identified polyaminopathies are all rare diseases at present, they are genetically heritable, rendering high risks not only to the carriers but also to their descendants. Meanwhile, more polyaminopathic patients might be discovered with the increasing accessibility of gene sequencing. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the structural variations of mutated proteins in current polyaminopathies, in addition to their causative genes, types of mutations, clinical symptoms, and therapeutic approaches. We focus on analyzing how alterations in protein structure lead to protein dysfunction, thereby facilitating the onset of diseases. We hope this review will offer valuable insights and references for the future clinical diagnosis and precision treatment of polyaminopathies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fabrication of versatile hydrogels in a facile and effective manner represents a pivotal challenge in the field of biomaterials. Herein, a novel strategy is presented for preparing on‐demand degradable hydrogels with multilevel responsiveness. By employing selenol‐dichlorotetrazine nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) to synthesize hydrogels under mild conditions in a buffer solution, the necessity of additives or posttreatments can be obviated. The nucleophilic and redox reactions between selenol and tetrazine culminate in the formation of three degradable chemical bonds—diselenide, aryl selenide, and dearomatized selenide—in a single, expeditious step. The resultant hydrogel manifests exceptional adaptability to intricate environments in conjunction with self‐healing and on‐demand degradation properties. Furthermore, the resulting material demonstrated light‐triggered antibacterial activity. Animal studies further underscore the potential of integrating metformin into Se‐Tz hydrogels under green light irradiation, as it effectively stimulates angiogenesis and collagen deposition, thereby fostering efficient wound healing. In comparison to previously documented hydrogels, Se‐Tz hydrogels exhibit controlled degradation and drug release, outstanding antibacterial activity, mechanical robustness, and bioactivity, all without the need for costly and intricate preparation procedures. These findings underscore Se‐Tz hydrogels as a safe and effective therapeutic option for diabetic wound dressings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This retrospective case-controlled study aimed to evaluate the association between the severity of fall-related injuries and fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs) in hospitalized patients. Methods: Data were collected from Changhua Christian Hospital, Taiwan, of all adult inpatients who experienced falls between January 2017 and December 2021, and were divided into two groups based on whether they sustained severe fall-related injuries. Retrospective data that may affect the severity of fall-related injuries and the use of FRIDs were investigated. Results: Among 1231 documented cases of falls, 26 patients sustained severe fall-related injuries. Older patients and those with osteoporosis were more susceptible to more severe injuries from a fall. The use of mobility aids and osteoporosis medications showed protective effects against fall injuries. No significant association was observed between fall-related injuries and comorbidities or FRIDs. Multivariate analysis confirmed the inverse correlation between the use of mobility aids, osteoporosis medications, and fall severity. Patients with osteoporosis exhibited significantly higher odds of sustaining more severe injuries with a fall (odds ratio = 3.02, 95% confidence interval: 1.21–7.53). Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of addressing risk factors associated with fall severity among hospitalized patients. Providing mobility aids to persons at greater risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) is an enzyme that regulates the production of melatonin, a hormone that is essential for organisms to maintain circadian and annual rhythmic behavior. The AANAT gene has undergone gene duplication and inactivation during evolution. Nevertheless, the majority of mammals retain a solitary copy of AANAT within the biological genome, and the mechanisms by which this gene responds to environmental stimuli remain poorly understood. To address this issue, we investigated the adaptive evolution of AANAT at both the gene and protein levels. Our study revealed the presence of multiple mutation sites within the gene encoding AANAT, with variation in the structure of the AANAT protein observed across different geographic populations. We identified a positive selection of AANAT in populations residing at higher latitudes. Furthermore, individuals exhibiting longer hibernation periods displayed significantly higher catalytic efficiency of the AANAT enzyme compared to those with minimal hibernation behavior, suggesting a potential association between AANAT and hibernation rhythms. This study adds to our understanding of the adaptive evolution of AANAT and may provide molecular evidence for hibernation rhythm adaptation in bats. Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) is a crucial rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of melatonin. AANAT has been confirmed to be independently duplicated and inactivated in different animal taxa in order to adapt to the environment. However, the evolutionary forces associated with having a single copy of AANAT remain unclear. The greater horseshoe bat has a single copy of AANAT but exhibits different hibernation rhythms in various populations. We analyzed the adaptive evolution at the gene and protein levels of AANAT from three distinct genetic lineages in China: northeast (NE), central east (CE), and southwest (SW). The results revealed greater genetic diversity in the AANAT loci of the NE and CE lineage populations that have longer hibernation times, and there were two positive selection loci. The catalytic capacity of AANAT in the Liaoning population that underwent positive selection was significantly higher than that of the Yunnan population (p < 0.05). This difference may be related to the lower proportion of α helix and the variation in two interface residues. The adaptive evolution of AANAT was significantly correlated with climate and environment (p < 0.05). After controlling for geographical factors (latitude and altitude), the evolution of AANAT by the negative temperature factor was represented by the monthly mean temperature (r = −0.6, p < 0.05). The results identified the gene level variation, functional adaptation, and evolutionary driving factors of AANAT, provide an important foundation for further understanding the adaptive evolution of the single copy of AANAT in pteropods, and may offer evidence for adaptive hibernation rhythms in bats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimally increasing the catalytic activity of Co3O4‐based materials is crucial for promoting their practical applications for acetone detection; however, this still remains challenging. Herein, a strategy is proposed in this work to increase the catalytic activity of Co3O4 toward the oxidation of acetone through the synergistic effect of boron doping and chemical reduction, which can substantially improve the sensing performance for acetone detection. The characterization results confirm that the present strategy facilitates the formation of more oxygen vacancies and increases the content of Co2+ ions serving as active sites. As expected, the optimal sensor yields a higher response. To extend the practical application to the auxiliary diagnosis of diabetes through exhaled breath, the optimal sensors distinguished between acetone concentrations in the breath of healthy individuals and in the simulated breath of patients with diabetes. Detailed gas‐sensing measurements reveal that the enhanced acetone sensing performance is attributed to the increased catalytic activity of materials for oxidation of acetone by the Mars–van Krevelen, Langmuir–Hinshelwood, and Eley–Rideal mechanisms. This study provides new insights into the fabrication of high‐performance metal oxide‐based gas sensors by improving the catalytic activity of sensing materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic memristors with short-term memory have been widely researched for their high biomimetic properties to mimic the leaky and integration functions of biological neurons. However, the limited reliability and poor switching window still hinder the implementation of dynamic memristors in a neuromorphic system. Here, we propose a highly reliable dynamic memristor with nanolayered NbO2 material based on the transition effect between two-electron emission processes. The introduced additional oxygen defects effectively enhance the electron emission effect and therefore enlarge the switching window over 107, accompanied by a low variation below 2%. Meanwhile, the designed conduction transition avoids the structural damage and the direct connection between two electrodes, benefiting the high endurance (>109) and low operating energy (19 fJ). Subsequently, we confirm the conduction transition mechanism during the dynamic behavior by data analysis, device surface expansion detection, and oxygen-controlled fabrication. The proposed mechanism is mathematically verified by a constructed compact model, which can be used not only to instruct the device fabrication but also to simulate neuron design. Based on the developed neuron with dynamic memristors, we construct a spiking neural network. The interaction between different aspects of the memristor in the network is discussed, which helps to achieve a reasonable compromise among the network accuracy (94.63%), energy consumption, and peripheral circuit requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the 2D incompressible anisotropic magneto-micropolar fluid equations with vertical dissipation, horizontal magnetic diffusion, and horizontal vortex viscosity. The goal is to investigate the stability of perturbations near a background magnetic field in the 2D magneto-micropolar fluid equations. Two main results are obtained. The first result is based on the linear system. Global existence for any large initial data and asymptotic linear stability are established. The second result explores stability for the nonlinear system. It is proven that if the initial data are sufficiently small, then the solution for some perturbations near a background magnetic field remains small. Additionally, the long-time behaviour of the solution is presented. The most challenging terms in the proof are the linear terms in the velocity equation and the micro-rotation equation that will grow with respect to time t. We are able to find some background fields to control the growth of the linear terms. Our results reveal that some background fields can stabilise electrically conducting fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]