Search

The development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled the discovery of cancer-specific driver gene alternations, making precision medicine possible. However, accurate genetic testing requires a sufficient amount of tumor cells in the specimen. The evaluation of tumor content ratio (TCR) from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained images has been found to vary between pathologists, making it an important challenge to obtain an accurate TCR. In this study, three pathologists exhaustively labeled all cells in 41 regions from 41 lung cancer cases as either tumor, non-tumor or indistinguishable, thus establishing a "gold standard" TCR. We then compared the accuracy of the TCR estimated by 13 pathologists based on visual assessment and the TCR calculated by an AI model that we have developed. It is a compact and fast model that follows a fully convolutional neural network architecture and produces cell detection maps which can be efficiently post-processed to obtain tumor and non-tumor cell counts from which TCR is calculated. Its raw cell detection accuracy is 92% while its classification accuracy is 84%. The results show that the error between the gold standard TCR and the AI calculation was significantly smaller than that between the gold standard TCR and the pathologist's visual assessment ( p < 0.05 ). Additionally, the robustness of AI models across institutions is a key issue and we demonstrate that the variation in AI was smaller than that in the average of pathologists when evaluated by institution. These findings suggest that the accuracy of tumor cellularity assessments in clinical workflows is significantly improved by the introduction of robust AI models, leading to more efficient genetic testing and ultimately to better patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferrocene (FeCp 2 ) was introduced as a non-magnetic guest molecule to activated carbon fibers (ACFs) as a nanographene-based host having localized spins originating from zigzag edges of graphene. The introduction of the guest molecule was confirmed by FTIR for ACFs-FeCp 2 introduced at 55 (150) °C (FeCp 2 -ACFs-55(150)). The appearance of satellite Fe 2p peaks and the increase in shake-up peak intensity of the C 1s in the XPS spectrum proved the emergence of charge-transfer host-guest interaction in FeCp 2 -ACFs-150, supported by the red-shift of the G-band in the Raman spectrum. The six-times enhancement in the spin concentration in FeCp 2 -ACFs-150 compared with ACFs indicates the spin magnetism of the non-magnetic guest FeCp 2 + molecule induced by a charge-transfer host-guest interaction in the nanographene host. The larger ESR linewidth than that expected from the dipolar interaction estimated by the localized spin concentration suggests the exchange interaction between the nanographene and FeCp 2 spins. The narrowing of the ESR linewidth of FeCp 2 -ACFs-55 upon higher excitation microwave power suggests the inhomogeneity of the environment for FeCp 2 + molecules in the nanographene host. The observed induction of spin magnetism by the interfacial interactions between the nanographene host and the guest molecules will be a promising strategy for developing a new class of molecular magnets., (Copyright © 2024, Suzuki et al.)

Objective: In Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, there were the rule and goal size changes at the blind football competition. This study aimed to compare the scoring and head impact characteristics during blind football competition between the Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games using the official videos., Design: Video-based observational study., Participants: In total, 36 blind football (men's football 5-a-side) game videos were obtained from the official International Paralympic Committee., Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Head impact was defined as the sudden contact of any object with the head. Videos were analysed to assess the number of scores and head impacts along with their corresponding details (ie, round, playing phase, scoring situation, impact situation, occurrence area, impact object, head impact site, fall and foul)., Results: The total number of goals scored at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games was nearly double that at the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games. Regarding head impacts, a total of 2036 cases (Rio 2016, n=1105; Tokyo 2020, n=931) were evaluated. Significant differences were observed in head impact characteristics between the Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games among seven outcomes (round, scoring situation, impact situation, occurrence area, impact object, site of head impact and fall)., Conclusions: Compared with the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games, the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games showed an increase in the number of points scored and different head impact characteristics., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)