1. The use of biological fluids in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs): Recent advances, challenges and future perspectives.
- Author
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Brazaca, Laís Canniatti, Imamura, Amanda Hikari, Blasques, Rodrigo Vieira, Camargo, Jéssica Rocha, Janegitz, Bruno Campos, and Carrilho, Emanuel
- Subjects
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RESOURCE-limited settings , *SALIVA , *DIAGNOSIS , *FLUIDS , *URINE , *IONS - Abstract
The use of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) for aiding medical diagnosis is a growing trend in the literature mainly due to their low cost, easy use, simple manufacturing, and great potential for application in low-resource settings. Many important biomarkers (proteins, ions, lipids, hormones, DNA, RNA, drugs, whole cells, and more) and biofluids are available for precise detection and diagnosis. We have reviewed the advances μPADs in medical diagnostics have achieved in the last few years, focusing on the most common human biofluids (whole blood/plasma, sweat, urine, tears, and saliva). The challenges of detecting specific biomarkers in each sample are discussed, along with innovative techniques that overcome such limitations. Finally, the difficulties of commercializing μPADs are considered, and future trends are presented, including wearable devices and integrating multiple steps in a single platform. • μPADs can be applied for simple and low-cost diagnosis in low-resource settings. • The challenges of applying μPADs to human biofluids are analyzed. • Recent advancements to overcome specific drawbacks for each fluid are discussed. • Difficulties in commercializing μPADs and future tendencies are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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