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Remote sensing is essential in construction management by providing valuable information and insights throughout the project lifecycle. Due to the rapid advancement of remote sensing technologies, their use has been increasingly adopted in the architecture, engineering, and construction industries. This review paper aims to advance the understanding, knowledge base, and practical implementation of remote sensing technologies in the construction industry. It may help support the development of robust methodologies, address challenges, and pave the way for the effective integration of remote sensing into construction management processes. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive literature review, focusing on the challenges faced in using remote sensing technologies in construction management. One hundred and seventeen papers were collected from eight relevant journals, indexed in Web of Science, and then categorized by challenge type. The results of 44 exemplary studies were reported in the three types of remote sensing platforms (satellite, airborne, and ground-based remote sensing). The paper provides construction professionals with a deeper understanding of remote sensing technologies and their applications in construction management. The challenges of using remote sensing in construction were collected and classified into eleven challenges. According to the number of collected documents, the critical challenges were shadow, spatial, and temporal resolution issues. The findings emphasize the use of unmanned airborne systems (UASs) and satellite remote sensing, which have become increasingly common and valuable for tasks such as preconstruction planning, progress tracking, safety monitoring, and environmental management. This knowledge allows for informed decision-making regarding integrating remote sensing into construction projects, leading to more efficient and practical project planning, design, and execution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper aimed to identify the level of psychological hardiness, the level of death anxiety, and the level of existential vacuum among the elderly, also the role of the predictive ability of death anxiety and existential vacuum in the psychological hardiness of the elderly at the governorates of Tafilyah and Ma'an in light of the Corona pandemic in Jordan. The descriptive-analytical approach was utilized. sample consists (500) elderly, that were selected by a simple random approach. Then the needed statistical measure was operated to achieve the required results. The results indicated a low level of psychological hardiness, a high level of death anxiety, and an existential vacuum in the elderly. The results show a suitable predictive ability for each of death anxiety and the existential vacuum in reducing psychological hardiness. The research paper recommended the necessity of rehabilitating the elderly in Jordan regarding the mental and psychological aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) technology has shown tremendous potential in various fields, such as image generation, text generation, and video generation, and it has been widely applied in various industries. However, GAI also brings new risks and challenges to cybersecurity. This paper analyzes the application status of GAI technology in the field of cybersecurity and discusses the risks and challenges it brings, including data security risks, scientific and technological ethics and moral challenges, Artificial Intelligence (AI) fraud, and threats from cyberattacks. On this basis, this paper proposes some countermeasures to maintain cybersecurity and address the threats posed by GAI, including: establishing and improving standards and specifications for AI technology to ensure its security and reliability; developing AI-based cybersecurity defense technologies to enhance cybersecurity defense capabilities; improving the AI literacy of the whole society to help the public understand and use AI technology correctly. From the perspective of GAI technology background, this paper systematically analyzes its impact on cybersecurity and proposes some targeted countermeasures and suggestions, possessing certain theoretical and practical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated ocean management (IOM) aligns with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and serves as a crucial strategy for promoting the enduring health of marine ecosystems and the sustainable utilization of marine resources. An analysis of the evolution of China's integrated ocean management policy (IOMP) is crucial for providing valuable guidance in achieving sustainable growth in marine management and the marine economy for both China and other coastal nations worldwide. This paper studies the evolution characteristics, challenges, and prospects of IOMP in China since 1978 using content analysis. The findings indicate that the evolution of IOMP can be categorized into four stages: the germination period (1978–1998), the construction period (1999–2009), the systematization period (2010–2017), and the strategization period (2018–present), based on the state of international marine management. The IOMP has transitioned over time from its initial emphasis on resource development during the germination period to a strategization period that prioritizes the full development of all parts of the system. However, the ultimate goal has consistently been to achieve harmonious coexistence between people and the sea. China's IOMP has experienced a progressive development; nevertheless, it continues to encounter obstacles such as the pressing requirement to revise sea-related policies and the absence of policy alignment. The objective of this paper is to explore the evolution, challenges, and prospects of China's IOMP to better improve the land–sea coordination policy, strengthen international judicial cooperation. and provide effective policy reference for other maritime countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction industry accounts for approximately one-third of the total waste generation globally. With the United Nations projecting a population increase of 2 billion within the next three decades, there is a heightened demand for building stock, generating unprecedented volumes of construction and demolition waste (CDW). To combat this, circular economy strategies are purported to help alleviate the prevailing situation. But a number of challenges are jeopardizing their implementation in the construction industry and preventing from achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals, net zero carbon and zero avoidable waste targets. This paper systematically analyzes 54 research articles, published in the past decade within major peer-reviewed English-language scholarly publications in the form of a systematic research review. In doing so, it aims to identify and classify the challenges that prevent improved CDW management by assimilating previous research results in support of a circular economy. The classification and analysis using a PESTLE model offers insights into gaps and differences between categories, as well as regions and countries. This initial step could contribute to a better understanding of these barriers, along with associated solutions, which could result in a significant reduction on the impact of construction activities, therefore facilitating the development of an effective circular economy in the sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer remains a worldwide problem, and new treatment strategies are being actively developed. Peptides have the characteristics of good biocompatibility, strong targeting, functional diversity, modifiability, membrane permeable ability, and low immunogenicity, and they have been widely used to construct targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs). In addition, peptides, as endogenous substances, have a high affinity, which can not only regulate immune cells but also work synergistically with drugs to kill tumor cells, demonstrating significant potential for application. In this review, the latest progress of polypeptides-based nanocarriers in tumor therapy has been outlined, focusing on their applications in killing tumor cells and regulating immune cells. Additionally, peptides as carriers were found to primarily provide a transport function, which was also a subject of interest to us. At the end of the paper, the shortcomings in the construction of peptide nano-delivery system have been summarized, and possible solutions are proposed therein. The application of peptides provides a promising outlook for cancer treatment, and we hope this article can provide in-depth insights into possible future avenues of exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching Indonesian as a curriculum compulsory subject (MKWK) in university implies some challenges, considering the teaching is intended for students who have yet to study language theoretically and conceptually formally. This research is reflectively aimed at describing teaching challenges and possibilities. Methodologically, this study involved the researcher as an Indonesian language teacher in a university using a reflective-introspective way to gather data based on his experience. The results of this study are as follows: The students have various scientific backgrounds that are substantially and culturally different. Conditionally, they do not study Indonesian historically, culturally, theoretically, and methodologically. This implies that the orientation of teaching Indonesian needs to be formulated. Indonesian as MKWK is introduced functionally for language purposes in higher education. Language as a signifying medium becomes a verbal or oral communication tool to disseminate knowledge. Thus, the teaching materials are also adjusted elementary to the scientific background of each student. This allows the establishment of relations between Indonesian as a subject and other disciplines. Thus, awareness of this aspect of teaching makes it possible to place Indonesians not as "additional" but as "significant" learning in universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the complications experienced by Switzerland and Spain in administering the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML). The Charter is a vital legislative instrument for defending the varied languages across Europe. The paper digs into the problems encountered, including concerns with ratification, sociolinguistic obstacles, resource limits, and linguistic variety. The research highlights the need to maintain language rights while encouraging multilingualism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound care professionals provide proper diagnosis and treatment with heavy reliance on images and image documentation. Segmentation of wound boundaries in images is a key component of the care and diagnosis protocol since it is important to estimate the area of the wound and provide quantitative measurement for the treatment. Unfortunately, this process is very time-consuming and requires a high level of expertise, hence the need for automatic wound measurement methods. Recently, automatic wound segmentation methods based on deep learning have shown promising performance; yet, they heavily rely on large training datasets. A few wound image datasets were published including the Diabetic Foot Ulcer Challenge dataset, the Medetec wound dataset, and WoundDB. Existing public wound image datasets suffer from small size and a lack of annotation. There is a need to build a fully annotated dataset to benchmark wound segmentation methods. To address these issues, we propose the Foot Ulcer Segmentation Challenge (FUSeg), organized in conjunction with the 2021 International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI). It contains 1210 pixel-wise annotated foot ulcer images collected over 2 years from 889 patients. The submitted algorithms are reviewed in this paper and the dataset can be accessed through the Foot Ulcer Segmentation Challenge website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes debut interviews of female Israeli politicians, in which the interviewees are faced with questions or statements that imply that their gender, ethnicity or background prevent them from fulfilling their function as politicians successfully, in accordance with the "Gendered mediation thesis" (GoodYear-Grant 2013). We focus on the interviewees' responses to these questions, and particularly on how grammatically negative utterances are deployed in the service of coping with the presuppositions directed at them. The analysis indicates that the negative utterances do not carry the full weight of rejection of implied presuppositions. Moreover, in some cases negative utterances are used by the speakers as part of a hedging strategy. By describing the role of negation in debut interviews of female Israeli politicians, the paper aims to advance a more comprehensive understanding of linguistic patterns used by women, and other silenced groups, to cope with biased representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various diseases have seriously threatened the health of Chinese residents. Sensitive and accurate analysis of disease markers is very important for early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis evaluation of diseases. Therefore, it is of great clinical significance to explore a sensitive, accurate, rapid, and noninvasive detection technology. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) uses light to interact with gold, silver, and other nanostructured materials to generate a strong surface plasmon resonance effect, which can significantly enhance the Raman signal of molecules adsorped on the nanostructured surface, and obtain rich fingerprints of the sample itself or Raman probe molecules with super sensitivity. This technology has the advantages of noninvasiveness, high sensitivity, good selectivity, fast analysis speed, low water interference, and other unique advantages, so it has a good application prospect in life science, clinical testing, and other aspects, and has become a kind of biological detection technology with great potential. This paper mainly reviewed the research progress of SERS technology in the analysis of serum, urine, saliva, and tissue disease markers in recent years analyzed the problems and challenges to be solved by this technology in biological detection and prospected its future development prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While requests for confirmation (RfCs) make a yes/no-response relevant, recipients often produce more than a mere confirmation. Our paper explores expanded responses to RfCs in German talk-in-interaction. We focus on responses consisting of a confirmation and an additional TCU/action. Drawing on video data from mundane and institutional settings, we demonstrate how expanded responses are designed and fit the sequential environments in which they occur. We show four different functions fulfilled with expanded responses: (i) specifying and elaborating on the topic introduced in the RfC, (ii) accounting for the intelligibility of the speaker's prior actions, (iii) resisting the terms of the RfC, and (iv) challenging a RfC by referring to the recipient's pre-existing knowledge. Finally, we summarize interactional features relevant for the occurrence of expanded responses in our data. In addition, we discuss the implications of our results for future cross-linguistic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating the growing concern of pediatric burn injuries caused by social media challenges. Adolescents, seeking fame or succumbing to peer pressure, engage in risky behaviors, recording and sharing them online. The study presents two case reports detailing severe burn injuries resulting from such challenges, highlighting the physical and psychological toll on affected children and their families. In Case report 1, a 14-year-old suffered severe burns attempting a TikTok challenge involving igniting a soaked t-shirt. The patient's critical condition necessitated intensive care, surgical procedures, and skin grafts, accompanied by complications like anemia and sepsis. Case report 2 features a 9-year-old who sustained extensive burns while attempting another social media challenge. Treatment included escharolysis, skin grafts, and surgeries, with complications managed during the recovery process. A literature review explores social media-generated burn injuries, revealing their physical and psychological impact. The influence of social proof and peer pressure on adolescents' behavior in the digital age is discussed. The pandemic's effect on mental health is considered, emphasizing the vulnerability of adolescents to such challenges. In conclusion, the paper highlights the rising incidence of teen burn injuries linked to social media challenges. Urgent measures are needed to restrict the promotion of risky behaviors on social platforms. Alongside state-of-the-art burn treatments, comprehensive psychological care is essential for young patients and their families to cope with trauma. Increased content monitoring and the dissemination of prevention materials are recommended to mitigate the occurrence of such incidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The paper's primary goal is to provide a concise summary of the key challenges associated with agile project management (APM) and how these challenges affect the overall effectiveness of APM. Design/methodology/approach: The authors used a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology to synthesize research r igorously. Two hundred papers were identified in the f irst s tep, and a f inal sample of 95 paper studies was synthesized. Findings: The findings of this study reveal a total of 677 factors from various papers that have been classified into four distinct categories: customer, organizational, team, and project management methodology (PMM). The primary obstacles to implementing APM encompass knowledge, culture, characteristics, support, and communication. Research limitations/implications: Further analysis still needs to be done to explore how to overcome challenges in implementing APM. Originality/value: This study will be used as a reference as a starting point for further qualitative and quantitative studies to explore the effectiveness of APM.

AbstractPurposeMethodsResultsConclusions\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONRehabilitation plays a critical role in minimising disability after stroke, with the concept of “challenge” proposed to be essential to rehabilitation efficacy and outcomes. This review unpacks how challenge is conceptualised in stroke rehabilitation literature from the perspectives of physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech-language therapy and people with stroke. A secondary purpose was to provide a definition of challenge that is applicable to stroke rehabilitation.Principle-based concept analysis was utilised to examine challenge within the stroke rehabilitation literature. Forty-two papers were included. Data analysis involved immersion, analytical questioning, coding and synthesis to elicit the conceptual components of challenge.Challenge was understood as a multidimensional and dynamic concept with three facets: nominal, functional and perceived challenge. Functional and perceived challenge were integral to optimal challenge. Optimal challenge was central to enhancing the outcomes and experiences of people with stroke, in rehabilitation and everyday life.Challenge is a key concept which, when carefully optimised to the person’s ability and experience, may positively influence their learning, recovery and engagement after stroke. This review lays a conceptual foundation for better understanding, operationalisation and advancement of challenge, offering important implications for addressing the growing burden of stroke disability, through rehabilitation.Challenge involves a multifaceted, multidimensional and dynamic interaction between the task, the person’s ability and their subjective experience.The therapist and the person’s perspective should collectively shape the process of co-creating a challenge that is truly optimal for the person.Therapists should consider both functional and perceived approaches to operationalising challenge with the person.Challenge involves a multifaceted, multidimensional and dynamic interaction between the task, the person’s ability and their subjective experience.The therapist and the person’s perspective should collectively shape the process of co-creating a challenge that is truly optimal for the person.Therapists should consider both functional and perceived approaches to operationalising challenge with the person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of intelligent network technology, the vehicle has gradually changed from a kind of transportation to a "third living space" for human beings. People need more intelligent and emotional vehicle functions, while traditional dashboards have been unable to meet the needs of human‐car interaction. In this context, the head‐up display (HUD) came into the public vision. While augmented reality head‐up display (AR‐HUD) brings intelligent driving experience, it also brings more stringent requirements for related components. In this paper, we will highlight the challenge and development in AR‐HUD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Widespread livelihood shocks and vulnerability in rural areas highlight the critical need to extend the provision of social protection interventions, as targeted to reduce vulnerabilities and poverty. Evaluating the real effects of social protection instruments on rural communities is an important concern for governments and policymakers. Hence, the objectives of this review were to examine the effects and challenges of social protection in rural Ethiopia. The review was conducted by synthesizing peerreviewed journals, books, working papers, and organization reports, which were obtained through internet searches from Google Scholar, AgEcon, Science Direct, Taylor, and Francis. Interestingly, among the documents retrieved, 45 were included using eligibility criteria. Finally, the data were presented and narrated in texts. The review outcome indicated that Idir, Zakat in Afar, communitybased health insurance and productive safety net program were important to reducing risk vulnerability, poverty, and food insecurity in the rural community. Moreover, a productive safety net program has both positive and negative effects on beneficiaries' social, economic, and environmental development. In a nutshell, social protection services play a vital role in addressing poverty, hazardous events, and vulnerabilities that affect livelihood. Therefore, concerned bodies should be focused on targeting rural communities to achieve food security and health services through social protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen is not only an important energy carrier needed to achieve the global goal of carbon neutrality, but also an important way of international energy trade in the future. This research analyzes the advantages and challenges of China's participation in international hydrogen trade in detail, proposes the possible routes of China's international hydrogen trade, and proposes specific measures to enhance China's participation in international hydrogen trade. This paper proposes that China should take green hydrogen as its development direction, and guide the development of China's hydrogen trade with the principle of blue green cooperation and gray hydrogen withdrawal. In the future, China's hydrogen trade forms will be diversified, and the types of trade will cover the entire hydrogen energy industry chain. Therefore, China should accelerate the overall deployment of hydrogen trade and the construction of hydrogen trade infrastructure, and build a more sophisticated hydrogen economy. [Display omitted] • The advantages of China's international hydrogen trade are analyzed. • Discussed China's possible international hydrogen trade routes in the future. • The obstacles affecting China's hydrogen competitiveness are analyzed. • Put forward suggestions to promote China's international hydrogen trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging digital technologies generate new business opportunities, competitive advantages and companies’ development. The implementation of digitization, in today's digital age, also influences the application of enterprises management. Enterprises managers drive the digital transformation of the enterprises. They have to face both the general, classic challenges, as well as the challenges specific to the digitization period we are going through today. The way of recruiting employees, how to motivate them, how to train them in work, but also how to form effective teams that add value to the company's processes and the company in general depends on the skills of the company manager. Managers who implement digital transformation in any enterprise must know digital technologies to understand their potential to transform the enterprise; they must have digital skills, but also social skills. In this paper, the challenges of business managers in today's digital age are presented, along with solutions to some of the problems faced by managers, but also what are the categories of digital managers along with their requirements and responsibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the rising concept of advanced air mobility (AAM), electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft has become the hotspot for academic research and commercial application. This paper provides a comprehensive review of latest researches related to autonomous eVTOL. It examines key technologies involved in autonomous eVTOL, including automated flight control, sensing & perception, safety & reliability, and decision making. It also addresses the technical, regulatory, and societal challenges associated with the wholesale adoption of autonomous eVTOL into AAM. The paper concludes with a discussion of future trends and recommendations, including the importance of integration with air traffic management, urban infrastructure and human–machine interaction. It aims to be a useful resource for those involved in the research, policy, and industry of autonomous eVTOL technology.

Integrated ocean management (IOM) aligns with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and serves as a crucial strategy for promoting the enduring health of marine ecosystems and the sustainable utilization of marine resources. An analysis of the evolution of China’s integrated ocean management policy (IOMP) is crucial for providing valuable guidance in achieving sustainable growth in marine management and the marine economy for both China and other coastal nations worldwide. This paper studies the evolution characteristics, challenges, and prospects of IOMP in China since 1978 using content analysis. The findings indicate that the evolution of IOMP can be categorized into four stages: the germination period (1978–1998), the construction period (1999–2009), the systematization period (2010–2017), and the strategization period (2018–present), based on the state of international marine management. The IOMP has transitioned over time from its initial emphasis on resource development during the germination period to a strategization period that prioritizes the full development of all parts of the system. However, the ultimate goal has consistently been to achieve harmonious coexistence between people and the sea. China’s IOMP has experienced a progressive development; nevertheless, it continues to encounter obstacles such as the pressing requirement to revise sea-related policies and the absence of policy alignment. The objective of this paper is to explore the evolution, challenges, and prospects of China’s IOMP to better improve the land–sea coordination policy, strengthen international judicial cooperation. and provide effective policy reference for other maritime countries.

Background & Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted medical education worldwide with several opportunities and challenges. This study aims to provide an overview of medical education's opportunities and challenges according to the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to guide future endeavors in conducting the teaching-learning process in post-COVID era support. Material & Methods: In this systematized review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, databases of PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and Eric, in addition to Google Scholar as a search engine, were searched to retrieve relevant original peer-reviewed, review, editorial, and commentary articles published from Dec 2019 to the end of Sep 2022. Results: As per the qualitative synthesis, a total of 29 articles were included from the 1534 records that were identified. Reviewing the included articles showed that most of the relevant studies were considered Medical and healthcare students (51.8%) at undergraduate level (72.5%) in University settings (62.1%). As per the qualitative synthesis, a total of 29 articles were included from the 1534 records that were identified. Reviewing the included articles showed that most of the relevant studies were considered Medical and healthcare students (51.8%) at undergraduate level (72.5%) in University settings (62.1%). On the other hand, post-COVID medical education opportunities have been grouped into four main categories, which are teaching and learning processes, psychological impact, accessibility and education equity, and management and administrative affairs. Post-COVID medical education opportunities also consist of four main categories: teaching-learning process, psychological impact, accessibility and education equity, and management and administrative affairs. Conclusion: Changes in teaching and learning processes in medical education caused by the COVID-19 pandemic created opportunities and caused important challenges that should be considered in the post-COVID era. In this regard, blended learning with the integration of technology using a flexible approach could be an effective recommendation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the status, resource use, and challenges of the capture-based hatchery of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) (BTS). Methods: Data was obtained through the investigation of 15 broodstock fishing boats and 60 capture-based BTS broodstock hatcheries. Resource use index (RUI) of the capture-based BTS hatchery, calculated from 1,000 female brooders to produce 15-day-old post-larvae (PL15) (production efficiency of PL15, or PEPL15), was analysed. Results: The results indicated that the fishing boats captured an average of 5,900 brooders.boat-1.year-1, 20,856 kg of by catch.boat-1.year-1, and the PE-PL15 production of 937 million for 1,000 female brooders. In the hatchery stage, the use of larger body weight female brooders had benefits in terms of higher survival rate and better efficiency of labour use, Artemia cyst, and probiotic products, but it reduced the efficiency use of chemicals, pellets, and total tank volume of the hatchery. Discussion: There is increasing use of domesticated brooder sources, but wildcaught brooders still play an important role in producing low-cost PL15 for traditional shrimp farming systems, accounting for most farmed BTS production. Therefore, the certification of good practices should be implemented to capture-based BTS hatcheries for the reasonable use of this brooder resource to sustain BTS farming in Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Identifying and exploiting stewardship and financing challenges in Iran's health insurance system as an ecosystem is essential to achieving predetermined goals. This study aimed to determine the challenges and strategies in the Iranian health insurance ecosystem to provide relevant evidence to healthcare managers and policymakers to improve its functions and perform necessary reforms. Method: This qualitative study was conducted at the national level in Iran. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the directed content analysis method. The study participants included managers and experts in health insurance and faculty of universities of medical sciences, who were selected by purposive sampling. Results: The challenges and strategies expressed by participants were categorized into two functions: stewardship and financing. Four main themes, ten subthemes, 22 challenges, and 24 strategies were identified in the stewardship function, along with three main themes, 12 subthemes, 17 challenges, and 16 strategies in the financing function. The major challenge in the Iranian health insurance ecosystem was the complexity and conflict of interests between multiple actors with different roles, which led to fragmentation, diverse structures, and a gap between other functions and objectives, hindering the effective functioning of the ecosystem. Conclusion: In order to deal with the challenges of the health insurance ecosystem, it is suggested to create a coherent insurance system through a single utility system, and by paying more attention to health-oriented services, the health insurance ecosystem becomes a health-oriented system instead of being treatment-oriented. In addition, in order to strengthen the governance of the country's health insurance ecosystem, the number of actors with multiple roles should be reduced and the roles of the actors should be clarified and separated in order to prevent conflicts of interest and structural corruption in this ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: With its more sustainable production mode and higher healthy food supplying, cultivated meat is gradually regarded as the promising alternative meat food in future by human beings. Most of the countries in the planet had participated in the cut-throat competition for sustainable protein searching, especially for the regions with low food self-sufficiency rate. In this paper, by reviewing the commercial market participation, product development stage, and technical research progress related to cultivated meat in detail, we demonstrated the industrialization progress of cultivated meat and explored the challenges of cultivated meat in the near future. 1) Seeded cell and serum free medium were the basic raw materials, which were directly related to the food safety regulation, production cost control and productivity improvement; 2) Bioreactor and regulation were the cornerstone of industrialization, which were closely related to the capacity expansion, product marketing; 3) Technological improvements in taste, texture, safety, scale, cost were the foundation of realizing product iterative upgrade and market acceptance.

Background: A challenge to pre-hospital emergency care is any barrier or obstacle that impedes quality pre-hospital care or impacts community pre-hospital utilization. The Addis Ababa Fire and Disaster Risk Management Commission (AAFDRMC) provides pre-hospital emergency services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. These services operate under a government-funded organization that delivers free emergency services, including out-of-hospital medical care and transportation to the most appropriate health facility. This study aimed to assess the challenges of pre-hospital emergency care at the Addis Ababa Fire and Disaster Risk Management Commission in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted from November 20 to December 4, 2022. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 21 experienced individuals in the field of pre-hospital emergency care, who were selected using purposeful sampling. A thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. Results: This study includes twenty-one participants working at the Addis Ababa Fire and Disaster Risk Management Commission. Three major themes emerged. The themes that arose were the participants' perspectives on the challenges of pre-hospital emergency care in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Conclusion and recommendation: The Fire and Disaster Risk Management Commission faces numerous challenges in providing quality pre-hospital emergency care in Addis Ababa. Respondents stated that infrastructure, communication, and resources were the main causes of pre-hospital emergency care challenges. There has to be more focus on emergency management in light of infrastructure reform, planning, staff training, and education, recruiting additional professional power, improving communication, and making pre-hospital emergency care an independent organization in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a rapidly advancing technology in the life sciences sector. Several countries, including the USA, Canada and Singapore, have established regulations for 3D printing of pharmaceutical products. The growing demand for personalized medical devices presents a significant challenge to traditional manufacturing methods. Materials and Methods: This study aims to provide a concise overview of the introduction, history and evolution of 3D printers, their development process and their role and guidelines and focus is on exploring regulatory parameters related to 3D printing in the United States, Canada and Singapore. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued guidance outlining its initial considerations for technical aspects specific to devices using additive manufacturing. The regulatory landscape of 3D-printed medical devices and biologics in the United States is discussed, emphasizing key challenges and considerations. Results and Discussion: A comparative analysis in Selected counties was conducted across various aspects, including user needs, design input, performance requirements, design processes, functional requirements, design output, verification and validation, bio-printing regulatory perspectives, standardization and certification. Conclusion: As additive manufacturing technology advances, 3D bio-printing has emerged as an efficient tool for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, integrating computer-aided manufacturing into healthcare delivery. The applications of 3D printing in the healthcare field extend to creating and implementing patient-specific solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International Construction Joint Ventures (ICJVs) offer benefits to both local and foreign partners. However, their failure rates tend to be high, leading to poor ICJV performance. Effective Project Management (PM) is considered a means to resolve challenges in a construction project. Therefore, this research aims to address the challenges in ICJV projects within the Sri Lankan construction industry through PM practices to establish successful ICJVs. The research adopted a mixed-method approach. A preliminary survey was conducted to validate the challenges in the Sri Lankan context. After that, challenges were ranked based on their significance level using the Relative Importance Index (RII) method through a questionnaire survey. Then, Semi-structured interviews were conducted to identify the PM practices that can address significant challenges through code-based content analysis. The study revealed 38 challenges applicable to ICJVs and identified 88 PM practices for resolving 10 significant challenges out of the 38 identified in ICJV projects in Sri Lanka (SL). Finally, a framework was developed for successful ICJVs by addressing challenges through PM practices. This study marks the first attempt to establish a framework for successful ICJVs by addressing challenges through PM practices in the Sri Lankan construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the challenge-hindrance model of stress (CHM), employees' appraisal of potential stressors may split into two distinct dimensions that either interfere with or enhance employees' functioning. This work expands the CHM framework by investigating whether employees' appraisal of the challenge-hindrance of COVID-19 predicts job insecurity and performance. It explores the relationship between the appraisal of the challenge-hindrance of COVID-19 and employees' job performance while incorporating the mediating role of job insecurity and the moderating role of COVID-19 Fear. Data were collected from 257 employee-supervisor dyads. As hypothesized, perceived job insecurity mediated the associations between COVID-19 hindrance and challenge appraisals and job performance. Fear of COVID-19 further moderated the association between hindrance appraisal and job performance and enhanced the indirect relationships between hindrance, job insecurity, and job performance. Unlike most studies that focus only on the adverse outcomes of COVID-19 stressors, this study examines the potential positive effects of challenge appraisals of the COVID-19 crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How players react to failure remains an understudied area of games research. Previous work has shown that mastery orientation can effectively gauge how players will behave in response to failure in a video game. This study shows that after playing a challenging video game for two weeks, women who initially scored lower on this scale significantly increased, while men significantly decreased. No differences were found regarding how much they played, how often they failed, or their reactions to in-game failure. This suggests that this change is not rooted in their behavior, but in their perceptions of their ability to persist in these environments. These perceptions may have been influenced by well-documented stereotype biases that women and other individuals face entering video game communities. While this doesn't address the root cause, it suggests that the perception of their ability to persist through challenging games can change with exposure, relieving these held biases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Widespread livelihood shocks and vulnerability in rural areas highlight the critical need to extend the provision of social protection interventions, as targeted to reduce vulnerabilities and poverty. Evaluating the real effects of social protection instruments on rural communities is an important concern for governments and policymakers. Hence, the objectives of this review were to examine the effects and challenges of social protection in rural Ethiopia. The review was conducted by synthesizing peer-reviewed journals, books, working papers, and organization reports, which were obtained through internet searches from Google Scholar, AgEcon, Science Direct, Taylor, and Francis. Interestingly, among the documents retrieved, 45 were included using eligibility criteria. Finally, the data were presented and narrated in texts. The review outcome indicated that Idir, Zakat in Afar, community-based health insurance and productive safety net program were important to reducing risk vulnerability, poverty, and food insecurity in the rural community. Moreover, a productive safety net program has both positive and negative effects on beneficiaries’ social, economic, and environmental development. In a nutshell, social protection services play a vital role in addressing poverty, hazardous events, and vulnerabilities that affect livelihood. Therefore, concerned bodies should be focused on targeting rural communities to achieve food security and health services through social protection.

The Social Teachings of the Church define work as a “human act” (opus humanum), an “arduous good” (bonum arduum), and an expression of the intrinsic value and dignity of the human person. The right to work is not only granted by the State but rather a disposition of the value possessed by a person in fulfilling his/her “destiny and vocation” as a rational and autonomous being. However, the breakthroughs of modernity dichotomized the established value of humanity and his work. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is on the way to altering this essential relationship, giving priority to Machine Intelligence (MI). This admiration of humanity for the proliferation of technical advances lurks a certain danger, “a danger as such” if I may use Heidegger’s term. The danger is not only the possible displacements of humanity in his/her work but rather an alienated individual stripped of his/her worth and dignity as a person who is the sole object of work. This paper argues that (1) the human person remains the indispensable subject of work and (2) artificial intelligence is problematic. To facilitate the said discourse, the work of John Paul II “Laborem Exercems” (John Paul II, 1981), shall be the guide in exploring the issue.

Objective: A corporate startup is a business development initiative led by a company's employees, using the company's resources and with the support of top managers. It aims to address business problems that arise within the company. This study seeks to define a corporate startup, highlight its challenges, and identify areas for future research. Design/Methods/Approach: The method employed is a literature review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) paradigm, with systematic searches from a database of high-quality scientific journals indexed by Scopus (Q1 and Q2). Selected publications relevant to the theme will be reviewed, and data will be summarized. Findings: This study finds three challenges that occur for corporate startups, namely collaboration development with internal and external corporate startups, finding competent mentors for corporate startups, and resource management competency. Further research can be continued by discussing three things, namely identifying companies that practice corporate entrepreneurship and capturing qualitative and quantitative organizational designs to enable corporate entrepreneurship, more research on developing countries, and the creation of standard standards regarding the evaluation of startup corporate models in various companies across industries and countries. Originality/Value: This research is the first study to describe the definition of corporate startups obtained from various high-quality journals (Scopus Q1 and Q2), which discusses various applications of corporate startups worldwide, the majority in the form of case study studies. With various views on the applications in the industry through Case Studies, this research also explained a review of the challenges and agenda of research in the future Corporate Startup, originating from various practices over the past 20 years on four different continents. Practical/Policy implication: Companies can implement corporate startups by utilizing a model derived from this paper. This involves embracing specific definitions, addressing challenges proactively, and outlining future research directions based on the findings of this study. Academics can also apply future research agendas to subsequent research to develop research related to Corporate Startup.

This study investigates the strategic decision-making abilities of large language models (LLMs) via the game of Tic-Tac-Toe, renowned for its straightforward rules and definitive outcomes. We developed a mobile application coupled with web services, facilitating gameplay among leading LLMs, including Jurassic-2 Ultra by AI21, Claude 2.1 by Anthropic, Gemini-Pro by Google, GPT-3.5-Turbo and GPT-4 by OpenAI, Llama2-70B by Meta, and Mistral Large by Mistral, to assess their rule comprehension and strategic thinking. Using a consistent prompt structure in 10 sessions for each LLM pair, we systematically collected data on wins, draws, and invalid moves across 980 games, employing two distinct prompt types to vary the presentation of the game's status. Our findings reveal significant performance variations among the LLMs. Notably, GPT-4, GPT-3.5-Turbo, and Llama2 secured the most wins with the list prompt, while GPT-4, Gemini-Pro, and Mistral Large excelled using the illustration prompt. GPT-4 emerged as the top performer, achieving victory with the minimum number of moves and the fewest errors for both prompt types. This research introduces a novel methodology for assessing LLM capabilities using a game that can illuminate their strategic thinking abilities. Beyond enhancing our comprehension of LLM performance, this study lays the groundwork for future exploration into their utility in complex decision-making scenarios, offering directions for further inquiry and the exploration of LLM limits within game-based frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacteriophages, which are viruses with restricted tropism for bacteria, have been employed for over a century as antimicrobial agents; they have been largely abandoned in Western countries but are constantly used in Eastern European countries with the advent of antibiotics. In recent decades, the growing spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, which pose a serious threat to worldwide public health, imposed an urgent demand for alternative therapeutic approaches to antibiotics in animal and human fields. Based on this requirement, numerous studies have been published on developing and testing bacteriophage-based therapy. Overall, the literature largely supports the potential of this perspective but also highlights the need for additional research as the current standards are inadequate to receive approval from regulatory authorities. This review aims to update and critically revise the current knowledge on the application of bacteriophages to treat bacterial-derived infectious diseases in animals in order to provide topical perspectives and innovative advances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite countless benefits of home care, unfortunately, the variety and quality of services provided by homecare centers are uncertain. This study was conducted to explore of home care challenges. Methods: The present qualitative study used the content analysis approach. A total of 17 participants, including nurses, managers of home care centers, and patients, were enrolled through purposive sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed through Granheim’s qualitative content analysis method. Results: In order to explain the challenges of home care, after analyzing the data, 700 primary codes, 15 initial categories, sub-subcategories and two main categories, including ‘infrastructural challenges’ and ‘challenges related to the process of home care services provision’ emerged. The main category, “infrastructural challenges”, consisted of 4 sub-categories (the challenge of acculturalization of home care services, economic challenges of providing services, challenges related to human resources, and the challenge of policymaking and setting regulations and rules for home care). The second main category, “challenges related to the process of home care services provision”, consisted of 2 subcategories: challenges of improving the quality of home care services and the challenge of facilities for service provision. Conclusion: In order to promote and improve the quality of home care services, in addition to providing insurance coverage for the services, acculturalization and revising the bylaws, empowering the human resource, enhancing the monitoring of the performance of home care centers, and employing modern technology need to be taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a list of references and citations for various articles and studies related to assessment in education. The articles cover topics such as formative assessment, assessment for learning, assessment literacy, technology-based assessments, and self-regulated learning. The articles provide insights into different approaches and perspectives on assessment in educational settings. [Extracted from the article]

External quality assessment is the process of evaluating the performance of a laboratory and the competence of professionals. Participation in EQA and standardizing the quality of laboratory services are a mandatory requirements for accreditation. This review is aimed at identifying and discussing challenges that hinder the effective implementation of an EQA program in countries with resource limited setting. To obtain abundant information, articles were identified by searching the literature publishedin English using the National Library of Medicine, PubMed, Science Direct and AMC digital library databases. The articles identified in the references were manually searched and included. After the article was identified, it was imported to Endnote version 8.1 and exported to Microsoft Word for citation. Based on this review, the major identified challenges that hinder the implementation of an EQA program include the high cost of control materials, malfunction and lack of maintenance for equipment failure and breakdown, a knowledge gap among laboratory professionals, noncommutability of control samples, and difficulty in assigning target values. In addition, failing to participate in EQA and failing to take corrective action are the major challenges identified. As a result, applying to an EQA program in resource-limited counties was highly challenging. To attain high performance in the laboratory and to provide quality laboratory service for patient care, the EQA supplier and the user laboratory must pay attention to these issues and take appropriate corrective actions for ongoing quality improvement and accreditation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High rates of morbidity and mortality indicate that stroke is a major health concern. Unfortunately, the management of ischemic stroke is hindered by several obstacles, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia, where the burden of morbidity and mortality remains high. In this literature review, we intend to conduct a thorough investigation and analysis of the obstacles to stroke thrombectomy in developing countries, with a focus on Indonesia. Even though numerous studies and recent advances in thrombectomy techniques have been developed, many centers around the world continue to struggle to implement them. The majority of these institutions are located in developing nations like Indonesia. It faces numerous obstacles, including a lack of public awareness, infrastructure, human resources, and financial difficulties. The absence of early education and large-scale campaigns contributes to the dearth of public awareness. Inadequate imaging facilities, prehospital and referral systems, as well as disparities in healthcare expenditure and accessibility, contribute to the absence of infrastructure. Inadequate numbers of neurointerventionists, neurologists, and neurosurgeons, as well as a disparate distribution of these professionals, contribute to human resource issues. Inadequate national insurance coverage, high import tariffs on medical devices, and the high cost of healthcare have a negative impact on the financial situation. We provide related strategies regarding the current situation in Indonesia based on the recent evidence and comparison with developed countries. Academic institutions, medical associations, and government agencies must collaborate to overcome these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much remains unknown about the etiology of compulsion-like alcohol drinking, where consumption persists despite adverse consequences. The role of the anterior insula (AIC) in emotion, motivation, and interoception makes this brain region a likely candidate to drive challenge-resistant behavior, including compulsive drinking. Indeed, subcortical projections from the AIC promote compulsion-like intake in rats and are recruited in heavy-drinking humans during compulsion for alcohol, highlighting the importance of and need for more information about AIC activity patterns that support aversion-resistant responding. Single-unit activity was recorded in the AIC from 15 male rats during alcohol-only and compulsion-like consumption. We found three sustained firing phenotypes, sustained-increase, sustained-decrease, and drinking-onset cells, as well as several firing patterns synchronized with licking. While many AIC neurons had session-long activity changes, only neurons with firing increases at drinking onset had greater activity under compulsion-like conditions. Further, only cells with persistent firing increases maintained activity during pauses in licking, suggesting roles in maintaining drive for alcohol during breaks. AIC firing was not elevated during saccharin drinking, similar to lack of effect of AIC inhibition on sweet fluid intake in many studies. In addition, we observed subsecond changes in AIC neural activity tightly entrained to licking. One lick-synched firing pattern (determined for all licks in a session) predicted compulsion-like drinking, while a separate lick-associated pattern correlated with greater consumption across alcohol intake conditions. Collectively, these data provide a more integrated model for the role of AIC firing in compulsion-like drinking, with important relevance for how the AIC promotes sustained motivated responding more generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug discovery plays a critical role in advancing human health by developing new medications and treatments to combat diseases. How to accelerate the pace and reduce the costs of new drug discovery has long been a key concern for the pharmaceutical industry. Fortunately, by leveraging advanced algorithms, computational power and biological big data, artificial intelligence (AI) technology, especially machine learning (ML), holds the promise of making the hunt for new drugs more efficient. Recently, the Transformer-based models that have achieved revolutionary breakthroughs in natural language processing have sparked a new era of their applications in drug discovery. Herein, we introduce the latest applications of ML in drug discovery, highlight the potential of advanced Transformer-based ML models, and discuss the future prospects and challenges in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This service project evaluated the clinical utility of the Newcastle Model in supporting 'stress and distress' in people with dementia in acute general hospital settings. We demonstrated significant reductions in both the perceived severity of stress and distress experiences, and the perceived difficulty for hospital staff in supporting stress and distress experiences. There is a promising role for Newcastle model-led interventions in supporting stress and distress experiences for people with dementia in acute general hospital settings. However, further practice-based evidence is required to demonstrate its full utility within this setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Actinobacillus (A.) pleuropneumoniae is a major agent of the porcine respiratory diseases complex (PRDC), together with several bacterium and virus species. A. pleuropneumoniae strains are diverse regarding virulence and antigen structure; they have different virulence variants, and the strains can be assigned into 19 serovars. Serovar 16 was described in Hungary for the first time, and it is relatively frequent in pig herds. The aim of the present work was examination of the virulence of the A. pleuropneumoniae A-85/14 strain, the type strain of serovar 16, by infecting piglets. The results prove that the A. pleuropneumoniae A-85/14 strain is a virulent one. Different virulence variants of A. pleuropneumoniae are involved in the etiology of porcine pleuropneumonia. The purpose of the present trial was examination of the virulence of the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae A-85/14 strain, the type strain of serovar 16, in an animal challenge experiment. Thirty 12-week-old piglets seronegative for A. pleuropneumoniae were allocated into three trial groups each of 10 animals, and they were infected intranasally with 106, 107, or 108 colony forming units (cfu) of the strain, respectively. Clinical signs were recorded twice a day, and the animals were euthanized 6 days after the infection. Typical clinical signs and postmortem lesions of porcine pleuropneumonia were seen in the animals of each trial group; however, they were generally mild, and no significant differences could be seen between the three groups. Even 106 colony forming units of A. pleuropneumoniae A-85/14 strain could induce clinical signs and lesions. Based on these results, the type strain of serovar 16 of A. pleuropneumoniae must be regarded as a typical pathogenic strain of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]