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Heteroatom doping, especially with elements of lower electronegativity and smaller atomic radius, can effectively modulate the electronic structure and surface properties of electron materials, facilitating the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. Herein, we have designed boron-doped NiCoP nanoarrays grown on carbon cloth (B-NCP-CC) for supercapacitor cathode materials using a simple process method combining hydrothermal, calcined phosphating and boronation processes. The introduction of boron, with lower electronegativity (2.04) and smaller atomic radius (0.85 Å) than phosphorus (2.19 and 1.00 Å), induces electron redistribution and shortens the Ni/Co–B bonds, enhancing their redox activity and charge transfer kinetics. The boron doping greatly enables the B-NiCoP-CC-18 (NiCoP-CC borated for 18 h) cathode material to provide a high capacity of 801 C g−1. The assembled B-NiCoP-CC-18‖‖AC hybrid supercapacitor achieves a high energy density of 73.22 W h kg−1 at a power density of 963.8 W kg−1 and retains 90% capacity after 5000 cycles, significantly improving the stability of nickel-based materials. Besides, density functional theory (DFT) calculations further elucidate that the introduction of boron increases the d-band centers of Ni and Co in NiCoP, promoting the conductivity and enhancing the electrochemical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancing the development of economical, high-performance, and durable non-precious metal electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) holds critical significance. This study presents a self-supporting ternary metal phosphide (NiCoFe–P/NF) electrode developed by direct phosphating metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) precursor. Benefiting from a three-dimensional hierarchical porous structure, optimized electronic configuration, high electrical conductivity, and synergistic effect of multiple elements, the synthesized NiCoFe–P/NF electrocatalyst exhibits exceptional catalytic performance compared to the monometallic or bimetallic phosphides, achieving a low overpotential of 209 mV and a Tafel slope of 29 mV dec−1 at 10 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH solution. In addition, the prepared catalyst exhibits superior stability and durability, as evidenced by its well-preserved morphology after 48 h of stability test. Furthermore, at a high current density of 100 mA cm−2, the long-term efficiency remains >90% even after 96 h. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the high catalytic performance of the NiCoFe–P/NF catalyst is ascribed to modified electronic states and lower adsorption energy to the related species. This study not only presents the synthesis of extremely stable and active OER catalysts but also offers a novel and practical method for the development of new catalysts. [Display omitted] • Self-supporting trimetallic phosphide was investigated for OER. • NiCoFe–P/NF electrode provides superior OER activity and stability. • DFT calculations explain the origin of the high catalytic activity. • A chemically uniform trimetallic two-dimensional MOF served as the precursor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given its superior structure, the abundance of surface functional groups, and low cost, cotton fiber filtration paper can be used as the support for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction catalysts (OER) instead of copper foam (CF), nickel foam (NF), or carbon cloth (CC). Herein, the chemical plating method was used to create thin self-supporting electrodes based on cotton fiber filtration paper (FP). The Co-Ni-P amorphous nanospheres can be uniformly dispersed on the self-supporting FP due to its porous structure and oxygen functional groups. The Co-Ni-P/FP electrode has an overpotential as low as 125 mV for HER and 320 mV for OER at the current density of 10 mA cm−2. Additionally, according to density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the Co atom added to the Ni-P nanosphere can lead to considerably more charge accumulation around the Co and Ni active sites, which greatly encourages the HER and OER processes. The novel porous support, FP, provides a fresh way the preparation of self-supporting electrodes. [Display omitted] • Filter paper is used to prepare the self-supporting electrode as the substrate. • The preparation method is simple and the properties are stable. • Rich oxygen-containing functional groups of FP promote deposition and dispersion. • Explore the excellent electrochemical performance of amorphous Co-Ni-P/FP by DFT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]