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Helen Pierce's recent publication of an eighteenth-century notebook detailing a corpus of drawings by the English artist Francis Place (1647–1728) expands understanding of the range and scope of his works on paper. More specifically, this material confirms the subject of a Place drawing in The Huntington's collections as one of the earliest extant views of Glasgow, produced during the artist's 1701 tour of Scotland. This essay sets out the physical and contextual evidence for this confirmation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: Place-based community events fulfil important functions, internally and externally. They provide opportunities for people from diverse communities and cultures to encounter each other, to participate in pleasurable activities in convivial settings and to develop mutual understanding. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the value of such events as a means of resisting or challenging the deleterious effects of territorial stigmatisation. Design/methodology/approach: The authors explore two place-based community events in areas that have been subject to territorial stigmatisation: Govanhill in Glasgow, Scotland, and South Dunedin, New Zealand. They draw on in-depth case study methods including observation and interviews with key local actors and employ inductive analysis to identify themes across the datasets. Findings: The demonstrate how neighbourhood events in both Glasgow and Dunedin actively seek to address some of the deleterious outcomes of territorial stigmatisation by emphasising strength and asset-based discourses about the areas they reflect and represent. In their planning and organisation, both events play an important mediating role in building and empowering community, fostering intercultural encounters with difference and strengthening mutuality within their defined places. They make use of public and semi-public spaces to attract diverse groups while also increasing the visibility of marginalised populations through larger showcase events. Research limitations/implications: The empirical element focuses only on two events, one in Glasgow, Scotland (UK), and the other in South Dunedin (New Zealand). Data generated were wholly qualitative and do not provide quantitative evidence of "change" to material circumstances in either case study community. Practical implications: Helps organisers think about how they need to better understand their communities if they are to attract diverse participation, including how they programme public and semi-public spaces. Social implications: Place-based community events have significant value to neighbourhoods, and they need to be resourced effectively if they are to sustain the benefits they produce. These events provide an opportunity for diverse communities to encounter each other and celebrate what they share rather than what divides them. Originality/value: This paper is the first to examine how place-based community events help resist narratives of territorial stigmatisation, which produce negative representations about people and their environments. The paper draws on ethnographic insights generated over time rather than a one-off snapshot which undermines some events research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islamophobia, as a form of cultural racism, can take different forms in different contexts. Previous research suggested that there is a perception among some Muslims that anti-Muslim racism is higher in areas where there is a high density of Muslim residents such as Glasgow. In contrast, some others suggest that ethnic minority people are at greater risk of racism in less racially diverse areas because of less community support and less police protection. This paper draws on a research which involved 10 semi-structured interviews with Muslims in different Scottish towns and small cities. The data is collected from marginal contexts that are typically overlooked or neglected in mainstream studies. To discuss the importance of the low or high density of Muslim communities, and any other possible factor, in the experience of Islamophobia the result of this research is compared to the experiences of 33 Muslim participants in Scottish major cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research examining migrant homemaking is multi-disciplinary and well-developed, providing evidence that 'home' exists in multiple places. However, only a small component of this work examines the role of the senses. This paper draws on research conducted between 2015 and 2019 in Glasgow, a city in Scotland, UK, with migrant, refugee and asylum-seeking women that used photo elicitation interviews, to bridge the gap between scholarship on migrant homemaking and the senses. The paper empirically demonstrates how the senses allow migrants to cultivate the embodied experience of physically being elsewhere by drawing on sensory memories, practices, and material cultures, specifically engaging taste and smell. The paper analyses the experience of four participants who described this sensation, and addresses the impact of the security of migrant status and financial resources in sensory homemaking. The concluding discussion proposes the concept of 'sensory space-time compression' as a novel way of understanding the sensory experiences of home in the context of migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many sector-level cooperative initiatives involving both national governments and non-state actors were launched around the 2021 Glasgow climate conference (COP26). However, there have been questions about whether and to what extent these initiatives could substantially contribute to achieving the Paris Agreement's goal to limit global warming to 1.5 °C. To this end, this paper examines the prospects of the 14 Glasgow sector initiatives by investigating their aggregate mitigation ambition under current national signatories and the institutional robustness of each initiative. We find that the additional emission reduction ambition of the current national government signatories would, even if fully implemented, only fill about a quarter of the emissions gap in 2030 between the aggregate of existing national targets (nationally determined contributions: NDCs) and the required emission levels consistent with keeping warming below 1.5 °C, while the institutional robustness varied considerably across the initiatives. We also find that most national government signatories did not mention Glasgow initiatives in their updated NDCs submitted after COP26. Expansion of the national government participation, national government signatories' incorporation of the initiatives' goals into their updated NDCs by setting quantifiable domestic targets, and enhanced institutional capacity are key to successful emission reduction outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper foregrounds the centrality of reproductive politics in constituting the spaces of migrant activism. Addressing social reproductive issues as racial issues, it exposes how "premature death" and questions of survival shape migrants' lives throughout the uneven geographies of racial capitalism. Drawing on the political experiences of the "No Evictions Network"—a migrant and activist‐led group campaigning for asylum seekers' rights in Glasgow (Scotland)—the paper suggests the concept of "political reproduction", grasping the interchange between care, trust, empowerment, political subjectivation, and the overcoming of barriers towards political action that take place within spaces of migrant activism. Building upon migrant voices and Black and Brown histories of organising, the paper explores the racialised, gendered, and classed character of reproductive activist labour in these spaces, evidencing the ways the notion of "political reproduction" breaks racialised and gendered constructions of political work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnic boundaries and friendship are intricately related in Malaysia. Many concerns have arisen about this issue, especially when it could indicate inter-ethnic acceptance, tolerance, and understanding. The objective of this paper is to discuss the importance of ethnic boundaries in Malaysian youth friendships. The data were drawn from ethnographic fieldwork conducted through in-depth interviews with Malaysian students in two universities located inside and outside Malaysia’s geographical territory. A comparative study was selected due to the possibility that variations might exist across Malaysia’s boundary. Through a comparative analysis in Penang in Malaysia and Glasgow in Scotland, this article demonstrates how, when, and why ethnicity becomes essential within Malaysian friendships. The findings demonstrate that the respondents’ friendships worked within cultural boundaries—religion and language—but at different levels depending on the location of the interview. It can be inferred that ethnicity and its boundaries within the friendship are not fixed but are socially constructed, maintained, and heightened depending on social actors’ particular needs, situations, and socio-political context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to examine Scottish politics in the decade or so following the Second World War. The objective is to uncover the texture of Scottish politics in a period that has been characterised rather simplistically. Much of the evidence for the paper is drawn from the Scottish popular press, most notably newspapers such as the Bulletin, which was a Glasgow publication with a unionist outlook, motivated by a concern to keep Scottish issues to the fore and to resist centralisation. The article will examine the way in which interpretations of this period in Scottish politics, as being one dominated by a unionism that was common to the main parties, serve to flatten what was an interesting and contested landscape. There is a considerable literature on this period in British historiography that engages in a debate about the value of the idea of 'consensus' in British politics. The apparent consensus over the Union hid a range of important debates about the way in which the Union ought to operate that were of such an extent as to bring the idea of a unionist consensus into question. Given that the Scottish National Party was such a marginal force in Scottish politics in this period, it seems more sensible to focus on the debates about the meaning of the Union rather than to adopt an existential focus that was simply not present in day-to-day political debate in the decade following the Second World War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-production is now an established part of public service delivery. Despite its popularity, there is only a limited understanding about how co-production works in practice, particularly with marginalised groups. This paper identifies and explores insights from three case studies of a successful co-productive approach in Glasgow, Scotland. Operation Modulus is a criminal justice initiative involving public and third sector partners in the co-production of services with marginalised young people to reduce their involvement in crime and antisocial behaviour. The data highlighted the importance of leadership, the role of public service professionals and the process of working with marginalised young people; these are explored, all within the context of the authorising environment created at the level of a collaborative governance body. The findings underscore, first, the importance of distributed leadership and process in developing trust amongst partners and in turn in the relationships of partners with young people. Second, the essential role of effective co-management amongst service providers in creating the requisite conditions for meaningful co-production with marginalised citizens. Third, the potential for and importance of shared management to facilitate changes in professional relationships and ways of working, even if these do not lead to organisational systems change. Fourth, the significance of public service professionals having the authority and agency to explore collaborative ways of working. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper critically examines the placement of people seeking asylum in temporary accommodation during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is based on a 14-month collaborative ethnography conducted between 2020 and 2022 with asylum seeking individuals in Glasgow. While moves to temporary accommodation were framed by state authorities and private firms as providing a "safe environment" from COVID-19, we show how these relocations amounted to a racialised process which constructed our participants as "undeserving" and "unworthy" of protection and care during a period of crisis. Our analysis highlights how this racialisation took place not only on a policy level but also in practice through everyday encounters with private provider staff. Advancing the literature on asylum housing and dispersal through new theoretical and empirical contributions, we argue that the rise of temporary forms of asylum accommodation can be understood as constitutive of racial modes of belonging within a regime of differential humanity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homonormativity is a key analytical concept for examining LGBT politics, and Pride events are key spaces of contested politics surrounding LGBT/queer populations. Yet conceptualisations of homonormativity as monolithic do not sufficiently explain grassroots LGBT opposition to the normalizing tendencies of mainstreamed Pride events. This paper explores how an analysis of the spatial dimensions constituting homonormativity in place can instead produce a conceptualisation of variegated homonormativities sufficient for understanding how homonormativity plays out between oppositional LGBT Pride groups in Glasgow. Drawing on archival material, interviews, and participant observation I place debates of homonormativity within the national and local contexts through which they are produced and embedded within. My analysis reveals how homonormativity in Glasgow manifests in uniquely Glaswegian ways along dimensions of politics, commodification, and inclusion/exclusion. These dimensions arise from local histories and governance that in turn shape Glaswegian homonormativities in contradictory ways to reveal the depth that deploying homonormativity as a variegated rather than monolithic concept adds for producing a more nuanced, place-sensitive analysis of national and local sexual politics. Conceptualizing homonormativities as variegated is shown to be a necessary analytical tool for understanding the complex ways that normativities are produced, altered, and resisted through space at Pride events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to understand how co-production can become embedded as a collaborative governance practice by which city governments plan, deliver and steward nature-based solutions. To these ends, the paper analyses how policy officers manifest capacities for co-production in three European cities – Genk (Belgium), Glasgow (United Kingdom) and Poznań (Poland) – while experimenting with co-production to develop and scale nature-based solutions. Co-production capacities include conditions and activities to (1) create space for co-production, (2) safeguard inclusive and legitimate co-production, and (3) link co-production processes and results to contexts. The results demonstrate how policy officers in the three cities have mobilised and created resources, skills, institutional support and partnerships to implement diverse processes to co-produce nature-based solutions. While these conditions mark starting changes in urban governance, engaging with and embedding co-production causes tensions between the dynamic and diffuse nature of co-production and existing formal governance settings and processes. Lessons for strengthening the capacities to embed co-production as a collaborative governance practice in nature-based solutions planning, delivery and stewardship are: (1) embedding a tailor-made approach for inclusive co-production to meaningfully engage diverse actors in place-based settings, (2) embedding open-ended co-production with long-term benefits, and (3) embedding new relations and roles to sustain co-production. • Co-production requires investing in new governance capacities. • Diverse co-production processes underpin collaborative NBS governance. • No one-size-fits-all: tailor co-production to contexts, goals, target audiences. • Monitor and evaluate co-production to reveal benefits. • Invest in long-term relations and engagement to sustain co-production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses two books, "Bought & Sold: Scotland, Jamaica and Slavery" by Kate Phillips and "The Glasgow Sugar Aristocracy: Scotland and Caribbean Slavery, 1775–1838" by Stephen Mullen, which explore Scotland's involvement in slavery and the slave trade. The author criticizes Phillips' book for its lack of original manuscript sources and superficial approach, pointing out errors and unsupported claims. Mullen's book is praised for its scholarly apparatus but criticized for not citing previous works, particularly a 1971 doctoral thesis by Tom Devine. The article emphasizes the importance of careful and rigorous research in contributing to the understanding of slavery and its legacies. [Extracted from the article]

• Two experiments test the perception of a non-standard feature of Scottish English. • Benefit found for high level of long-term familiarity with sociophonetic detail. • Listeners with moderate familiarity over-report the presence of weak postvocalic/r/. • Short-term adaptation to fine phonetic detail is rapid for unfamiliar listeners. • Sensitivity & bias do not reach native-like levels for difficult phonemic contrasts. Relatively little research has been conducted on the effect of hearing an unfamiliar native English accent. This paper tests listeners with varying levels of familiarity with the Glaswegian linguistic environment, presenting them with naturalistic minimal pairs such as hut/hurt – produced by speakers raised in Glasgow – in two-alternative-forced-choice tasks. The results of Experiment 1 show a benefit of long-term familiarity in discriminating minimal pairs with derhoticised /r/, a phonetically eroded form of postvocalic /r/ in working class Glaswegian. Native Glaswegian listeners displayed high sensitivity to difference (d'), and low response bias (c) towards hearing either rhotic or non-rhotic words, indicating accurate perception. Unfamiliar listeners were less sensitive to stimulus difference, and were biased towards hearing plain vowels, demonstrating their unfamiliarity with Glaswegian /r/. Non-rhotic English listeners with a moderate level of experience with Glaswegian showed an effect of 'perceptual hypercorrection', i.e. over-reporting /r/ presence. Experiment 2 found that, following a short period of exposure, English listeners with very little experience with Glaswegian also started to show hypercorrection, suggesting rapid adaptation to novel phonetic detail. These results may be explained by some general principles underlying exemplar and hybrid theories, and contribute to the ongoing research into the complex nature of Scottish /r/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Points: Question: Do text messages with or without financial incentives promote weight loss in men with obesity? Findings: In this randomized trial that included 585 men with obesity, text messaging with behavioral messages combined with a financial incentive resulted in a 5% weight loss at 12 months, compared with weight loss of 3% for text messaging alone, and 1% for the control group. The difference in weight loss was statistically significant for the comparison between text messaging with financial incentives and the control group but not between the text messaging alone and the control group. Meaning: In men with obesity, a 12-month intervention consisting of text messaging with financial incentives resulted in modest but statistically significant weight loss compared with control. Importance: Effective weight loss interventions are needed for men with obesity. Objective: To determine whether an intervention that combined text messaging with financial incentives attained significant weight loss at the 12-month follow-up compared with the control group and whether an intervention of text messaging alone attained significant weight loss at the 12-month follow-up compared with the control group. Design, Setting, and Participants: An assessor-blinded randomized clinical trial conducted in Belfast, Bristol, and Glasgow areas in the UK. A total of 585 men with body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more were enrolled between July 2021 and May 2022. Final follow-up occurred June 2023. Interventions: Participants were randomly assigned to 12 months of behavioral focused text messages combined with financial incentives (n = 196), 12 months of behavioral focused text messages alone (n= 194), or a waiting list (control group; n= 195). The financial incentive consisted of a monetary reward that was lost if weight loss targets were not met. All participants received weight management information and a pedometer at baseline. Main Outcomes and Measures: The 2 primary comparisons were the 12-month comparison of within-participant weight change between the text messaging with financial incentive group and the control group and the comparison between the text messaging alone group and the control group (minimum clinically important difference, 3%). The P value defined for statistical significance was P <.025 for each comparison. Results: Of the 585 men (mean [SD] age, 50.7 [13.3] years; mean weight, 118.5 [19.9] kg; mean BMI, 37.7 [5.7]; 525 [90%] White), 227 (39%) lived in postal code areas with lower socioeconomic status, and 426 (73%) completed the 12-month follow-up. At the 12-month follow-up, compared with the control group, the mean percent weight change was significantly greater in the text messaging with financial incentive group (mean difference, −3.2%; 97.5% CI, −4.6% to −1.9%; P <.001) but was not significantly greater in the text messaging alone group (mean difference, −1.4%; 97.5% CI, −2.9% to 0.0, P =.05). The mean (SD) weight changes were −5.7 (7.4) kg for the text messaging with financial incentives group, −3.0 (7.5) kg for the text messaging alone group, and −1.5 (6.6) kg for the control group. The 12-month mean (SD) percentage weight changes from baseline were −4.8% (6.1%) for the text messaging with financial incentives group, −2.7% (6.3%) for text messaging alone group, and −1.3% (5.5%) for the control group. Of 366 adverse events reported, the most common were infections (83 [23%]). Of the 23 serious adverse events (6.3%), 12 (52%) occurred in the text messaging with financial incentives group, 5 (22%) in the texts messaging alone group, and 6 (26%) in the control group. None were considered related to participating in a trial group. Conclusion and Relevance: Among men with obesity, an intervention with text messaging with financial incentive significantly improved weight loss compared with a control group, whereas text messaging alone was not significantly better than the control condition. These findings support text messaging combined with financial incentives to attain weight loss in men with obesity. Trial Registration: isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN91974895 This randomized clinical trial assesses whether text messaging combined with financial incentives or text messages alone could help men with obesity lose weight at 12 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qualitative research has increasingly been utilising visual methods such as drawing to collect richer insights from participants of all ages and backgrounds. This article demonstrates the methodological potential of a structured arts based workshop that included a data walk, a drawing session, and a reflective peace wall. We reflect on the suitability and value of this approach to support young people's learning about peace, to collect insights on what peace means to them, and how they envision their contribution to a peaceful world. This project was done with 12–18-year-old students in three schools in Glasgow, Scotland. We found that a structured approach allowed students to understand and express what positive peace means and to see themselves as agents of change. Three key methodological insights are offered: ways the approach addresses a crisis of praxis in peace education research, how research methods can gain congruence with democratic concepts in of peace education, and normative validity established through the voice of young people. This article contributes to the literature on arts based and creative methodologies and offers a novel model of peace education research inclusive of multiple ways of knowing and more democratic methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text explores the photographic documentary work on the city of Glasgow by Thomas Annan in the mid- to late nineteenth century. I focus on Annan's most well-known project— The Closes and Streets of Old Glasgow, 1868-1871, which remains the most significant urban focus in his work. I will begin by briefly outlining Annan's position in the history of photography and the relation of his photographic work to the city of Glasgow. Subsequently, I will engage directly with the volume of interest and outline the character of the photographs. Finally, I will provide an analysis of Annan's photographic work and the manner in which he contributed to a classed construction of the city of Glasgow through documentary photography. In particular, I will explore the images themselves through the lens of critical visual theory and relate them to the urban space of Glasgow itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Preventative spend is a global health and social care strategy. Improving Cancer Journeys (ICJ) is a proactive, holistic, multidisciplinary project consistent with this agenda, currently being rolled out across Scotland and parts of UK. ICJ helps people with cancer access whatever support they need to mitigate their most pressing concerns. This study hypothesised that ICJ service users should subsequently use less unscheduled care than matched cohorts not using ICJ. Methods: Retrospective observational cohort study using linked national datasets. N = 1,214 ICJ users in Glasgow were matched for age, sex, deprivation, cancer type, stage, and diagnosis year to two control groups: 1. Cancer patients from Glasgow before ICJ (pre-2014), 2. Cancer patients from rest of Scotland during study period (2014–2018). Cancer registrations were linked for 12-month baseline and study periods to: NHS24 calls, A&E admissions, inpatient hospital admissions, unscheduled care, number & cost of psychotropic prescriptions. Per-person mean service uses were compared between groups. Results: There was a significant increase in NHS24 calls in the ICJ group (0.36 per person vs. -0.03 or 0.35), more and longer A&E attendances in ICJ (0.37 per person vs. 0.19 or 0.26; 2.19 h per person vs. 0.81–0.92 h), more and longer hospital admissions in ICJ (4.25 vs. 2.59 or 2.53; 12.05 days vs. 8.37 or 8.64), more care pathways involving more steps in ICJ (0.77 spells vs. 0.39 or 0.57; 1.88 steps vs. 1.56 or 1.21), more psychotropic drug prescriptions and higher costs in ICJ (1.88 prescription vs. 1.56 or 1.21; £9.51 vs. £9.57 or £6.95) in comparison to both control groups. Discussion: ICJ users sourced significantly more unscheduled care than matched cohorts. These findings were consistent with much of the comparable literature examining the impact of non-health interventions on subsequent health spend. They also add to the growing evidence showing that ICJ reached its intended target, those with the greatest need. Together these findings raise the possibility that those choosing to use ICJ may also be self-identifying as a cohort of people more likely to use unscheduled care in future. This needs to be tested prospectively, because this understanding would be very helpful for health and social care planners in all countries where proactive holistic services exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined phonetic backward transfer in 'Glaswasians', the ethnolinguistic minority of first-generation bilingual immigrant Indians in Glasgow (Scotland), who present a situation of contact between their native languages of Hindi and Indian English (L1s) and the dominant host language and dialect, Glaswegian English (L2). This was examined in relation to the Revised Speech Learning Model (SLM-r) and Speech Accommodation Framework. These predict that the migrants' L1 sound categories can either shift to become more Glaswegian-like ('assimilation' or 'convergence') or exaggeratedly Indian-like ('dissimilation' or 'divergence') or remain unchanged. The effect of Indian and Glaswegian Contact on transfer was also investigated. Two control groups (Indians and Glaswegians) and the experimental group (Glaswasians) were recorded reading English and Hindi sentences containing multiple phones which were examined for multiple phonetic features (/t/—VOT, /l/—F2-F1 difference, /b d g/—Relative Burst Intensity). In both languages, Glaswasian /t/ and /g/ became more Glaswegian-like (assimilation), whereas F2-F1 difference in /l/ became exaggeratedly Indian-like (dissimilation). Higher Indian Contact was associated with more native-like values in /t/ and /l/ in Hindi but had no influence on /g/. Higher Glaswegian Contact was related to increased assimilation of /g/ in English but had no effect on /l/ and /t/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Trauma laparotomy (TL) remains a cornerstone of trauma care. We aimed to investigate prehospital measures associated with in-hospital mortality among casualties subsequently undergoing TLs in civilian hospitals. Methods: This retrospective cohort study cross-referenced the prehospital and hospitalization data of casualties treated by Israel Defense Forces-Medical Corps teams who later underwent TLs in civilian hospitals between 1997 and 2020. Results: Overall, we identified 217 casualties treated by IDF-MC teams that subsequently underwent a TL, with a mortality rate of 15.2% (33/217). The main mechanism of injury was documented as penetrating for 121/217 (55.8%). The median heart rate and blood pressure were within the normal limit for the entire cohort, with a low blood pressure predicting mortality (65 vs. 127, p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, prehospital endotracheal intubation (ETI), emergency department Glasgow coma scores of 3–8, and the need for a thoracotomy or bowel-related procedures were significantly associated with mortality (OR 6.8, p < 0.001, OR = 48.5, p < 0.001, and OR = 4.61, p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions: Prehospital interventions introduced throughout the study period did not lead to an improvement in survival. Survival was negatively influenced by prehospital ETI, reinforcing previous observations of the potential deleterious effects of definitive airways on hemorrhaging trauma casualties. While a low blood pressure was a predictor of mortality, the median systolic blood pressure for even the sickest patients (ISS > 16) was within normal limits, highlighting the challenges in triage and risk stratification for trauma casualties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A copy of Scleromyceti Sueciae, a work on which the nomenclature of many fungi is based was known to occur in Scotland's Glasgow University Botany Department but the buildings were devastated by fire in 2001 and the whereabouts of this important work, if it existed, was lost. Its re-finding is reported herein. Results: The Glasgow copy of Scleromyceti Sueciae, an uncut first edition of Fries' work, was located in the Glasgow Museums in its original cabinet being transferred there years before the fire and its specimens being now databased. It is one of the few existing uncut copies of this important scientific work and one of the best-preserved copies of the first edition. Conclusion: The discovery of this first edition of Scleromyceti Sueciae emphasizes the significance to reserve special conservation for important collections by early mycologists. It also allows interested mycologists world-wide to know of the existence in Glasgow of an uncut, first edition copy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The relationship between trust, accountability and procedural justice is studied via research into British credit unions (CUs) following regulatory reform to remedy problems exposed by the 2007–2008 global financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach: Interviews at 13 case studies of different types and sizes of credit unions in Glasgow, Scotland, are examined using template analysis and abductive theorizing to understand the effects of disproportionate reforms on small credit unions. Findings: Smaller credit unions found three regulatory changes – namely dual regulators, increased minimum reserves and introduction of the Senior Managers and Certification Regime – excessive. Excessive change generated distrust in regulators. Regulators' insufficient attention to procedural justice contributed to this distrust. Originality/value: Linkage of multidimensional confluent trust to a multilevel system of accountability provides an original way of understanding how indiscriminate attempts at trust repair damage some elements of trust in formal regulatory systems. Recognition of the need for procedural justice to enable smaller credit unions to articulate their extant checks and potential exemption from formal regulations provides another valuable contribution. The explanation of the abductive logic employed is also original. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]