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This position paper aims to establish and standardise Bone Health Optimization (BHO) strategies for older patients undergoing elective orthopaedic surgeries in Malaysia. It emphasises pre-, intra-, and post-operative assessments and tailored management. Adopting the "5IQ" approach, it proposes clinical standards and a registry to improve surgical outcomes and patient care., Purpose: Osteoporosis and osteopenia are highly prevalent among older patients scheduled for elective arthroplasties and spinal surgeries. This position paper aims to establish, promote, and standardise effective Bone Health Optimization (BHO) strategies for such patients within orthopaedic practices in Malaysia. It emphasises the need for bone health assessments to be undertaken at the pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative stages, with tailored management strategies to meet individual patient needs., Methodology: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on articles published from 2019 to 2024. Twelve broad themes were defined including definitions and importance of BHO, epidemiological data, assessment techniques, risk stratification, management strategies, and outcome metrics., Results: Elective surgeries on patients with poor bone health are associated with adverse outcomes, such as periprosthetic fractures, aseptic loosening of implants, and complications after spinal surgeries. This position paper advocates for routine bone health assessments and monitoring during the pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative phases. It provides summaries of imaging modalities, risk assessment tools, and techniques for each phase. By adapting the successful "5IQ" approach from secondary fracture prevention, we propose 5IQ-based Clinical Standards for BHO, including 18 Key Performance Indicators. A Malaysian BHO Registry is proposed to benchmark care in real-time and support a national quality improvement programme. Practical resources, such as a BHO algorithm and key practice points, are included., Conclusion: This position paper proposes a paradigm shift in the management of bone health for patients undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery in Malaysia, aiming to improve surgical outcomes and patient care through standardised BHO strategies., (© 2024. International Osteoporosis Foundation and Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation.)

Purpose: There are major gaps in our knowledge of hereditary ocular conditions in the Asia-Pacific population, which comprises approximately 60% of the world's population. Therefore, a concerted regional effort is urgently needed to close this critical knowledge gap and apply precision medicine technology to improve the quality of lives of these patients in the Asia-Pacific region., Design: Multi-national, multi-center collaborative network., Methods: The Research Standing Committee of the Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology and the Asia-Pacific Society of Eye Genetics fostered this research collaboration, which brings together renowned institutions and experts for inherited eye diseases in the Asia-Pacific region. The immediate priority of the network will be inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), where there is a lack of detailed characterization of these conditions and in the number of established registries., Results: The network comprises 55 members from 35 centers, spanning 12 countries and regions, including Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. The steering committee comprises ophthalmologists with experience in consortia for eye diseases in the Asia-Pacific region, leading ophthalmologists and vision scientists in the field of IRDs internationally, and ophthalmic geneticists., Conclusions: The Asia Pacific Inherited Eye Disease (APIED) network aims to (1) improve genotyping capabilities and expertise to increase early and accurate genetic diagnosis of IRDs, (2) harmonise deep phenotyping practices and utilization of ontological terms, and (3) establish high-quality, multi-user, federated disease registries that will facilitate patient care, genetic counseling, and research of IRDs regionally and internationally., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

With the rapid growth in urban construction in Malaysia, road breakage has challenged traditional manual inspection methods. In order to quickly and accurately detect the extent of road breakage, it is crucial to apply automated road crack detection techniques. Researchers have long studied image-based road crack detection techniques, especially the deep learning methods that have emerged in recent years, leading to breakthrough developments in the field. However, many issues remain in road crack detection methods using deep learning techniques. The field lacks state-of-the-art systematic reviews that can scientifically and effectively analyze existing works, document research trends, summarize outstanding research results, and identify remaining shortcomings. To conduct a systematic review of the relevant literature, a bibliometric analysis and a critical analysis of the papers published in the field were performed. VOSviewer and CiteSpace text mining tools were used to analyze and visualize the bibliometric analysis of some parameters derived from the articles. The history and current status of research in the field by authors from all over the world are elucidated and future trends are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Green sukuk (GS) is an emerging financial tool that has gained momentum in recent years owing to increased attention being given to Islamic finance, socially responsible investing (SRI) and sustainability agendas. Yet, GS studies are fragmented, dispersed and lack comprehensive reviews. As a response to this gap in academia, this paper aims to synthesize the knowledge on GS into thematic clusters, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the subject and offering guidelines for future research. Design/methodology/approach: This study implemented a systematic literature review approach to analyse studies on GS that were published prior to and including June 2023. The PRISMA 2020 protocol was used in the sample selection process. A total of 62 peer-reviewed journal articles from six databases were identified and categorized into various themes. Findings: The results suggest that previous research has predominantly focused on the areas of GS advantages, drivers, market development and potential sectors, along with challenges and recommendations to improve the market. However, it was found that some other aspects, including GS pricing, performance and purchasing intention, require further research attention. The analysis also indicated that the use of theories in the GS context was limited, with only five theories employed in just four out of the 62 articles examined. Moreover, this paper's findings revealed that the studies employing quantitative and empirical analysis methods were limited to four articles. Geographically, most of the studies were conducted in Indonesia and Malaysia, while other countries with high-potential markets (e.g. GCC) had limited GS practices and studies. Practical implications: The results of this study have several practical implications. For investors, a review of GS will provide greater insight into the understanding of the GS market, helping them make better investment decisions. For policymakers, this paper empowers them with the knowledge to make informed decisions regarding GS markets by highlighting key recommendations identified in the literature. Finally, the proposed guidelines can be used in future research. Originality/value: While Green Bonds have received significant attention, there is a dearth of research on GS and those that exist are fragmented. A systematic literature review is necessary to identify knowledge gaps for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Development Research is the property of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper intends to explore entrepreneurship intention among the youth by examining their personality traits. The respondents of this study were accounting students in their final year from seven public universities across Malaysia. A validated questionnaire was employed and distributed to representatives of each university, obtaining a total of 756 responses. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and utilized partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to analyze the hypotheses. The results revealed that personality traits influence entrepreneurship intention of accounting students' and conscientiousness being the most significant trait with a coefficient of 0.612. This paper suggests that personality traits namely conscientiousness, extraversion, openness to experience and agreeableness can boost entrepreneurship attitude, thus it should be optimized systematically into the education context to shape young personalities that are inclined towards entrepreneurship. Essentially, Ministry of Higher Institution, universities, colleges, and schools are advised to shape entrepreneurial personalities through the education curriculum and frequent practical sessions with inspiring entrepreneurs in the industry. Further, integrating the elements of personality traits into entrepreneurship education can serve as a guide for financial management of a business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comprehensive review of studies focused on the teaching method using graphic design for primary schools in Malaysia. We used the PRISMA model, with three basic phases including identification, screening, and eligibility, as a guideline to select relevant articles for this paper. All articles were categorised based on three main themes, which are Innovative Teaching Approaches (20 articles), Educational Technology (13 articles), and Global Education Challenges (9 articles). The examination of Innovative Teaching Approaches reveals that integrating graphic design into primary education enhances student engagement, comprehension, and critical thinking skills. The theme of Educational Technology explores the implementation of visual aids and design elements, indicating that technology, when incorporated judiciously, contributes to a more dynamic and effective learning environment. Addressing Global Education Challenges, the review underscores the potential of graphic design to address issues of accessibility and inclusivity in diverse educational settings. Collectively, these themes underscore the significance of incorporating graphic design in primary school teaching methods, offering insights into innovative approaches, the integration of educational technology, and potential solutions to global education challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem with making batik in Indonesia and Malaysia so far is that it is still very manual and has not taken much advantage of technological advances. The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology is currently very advanced, continues to innovate, and has even touched various aspects of human life. Limitations in ideas, human resources, knowledge, tools, and internet networks are the dominant conditions that cause problems in Indonesian and Malaysian batik creations. This study aims to use Artificial Intelligence to describe the combination of Indonesian and Malaysian batik patterns. This paper uses a descriptive-qualitative method with an experimental approach in the form of trials for the creation of batik patterns using the Imagine Artificial Intelligence platform; each trial is based on three basic patterns of batik, namely Sawat and Gurdha (Indonesia) and Orchid and Tiger (Malaysia). The results of this paper generated eight totally new Indonesian-Malaysian batik patterns. Artificial Intelligence (AI) was very helpful for the development of batik patterns. Through the creation of new batik patterns with the support of Artificial Intelligence (AI), it certainly creates new opportunities for the creation and business of batik to become more advanced. It is hoped that this paper will succeed in solving the problem of limited ideas in creating Indonesian-Malaysian batik motifs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the timeliness of independent auditors’ reports issued on financial statements of Islamic banks and discusses the timeframe for the audit report publication practices of Islamic banks. A statistical analysis of audit report lag of Islamic banks is performed. Statistical values from previous empirical research on audit report delays are used as control. The results show that most audit reports of Islamic banks are published before March. However, audit reports published in Malaysia and Yemen remain the least timely. The paper presents an empirical study and a comparative analysis of the timeliness of audit reports of Islamic banks operating in several countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on reliable indices, suitable bio-indicators, taxonomic level, frequency of measurements, and replications on benthic macroinvertebrates remains scarce in Malaysia. In addition, no review study was conducted using bibliometric analysis related to this discipline. Thus, this review aimed at gap and bibliometric analysis of publications on benthic macroinvertebrates as potential biological indicators. Sixty-six relevant scientific research papers from 2011 to 2022 were selected from the different databases. Then, descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed to assess the most reliable potential bio-indicators for river assessment and monitoring. Visualized statistics regarding bibliographic coupling analysis of authors, journal proceedings, and organizations were analyzed. The findings revealed that publications on invertebrates had no significant relationship in the last ten years (r = 0.241; p > 0.05). Most publications on macroinvertebrates in Malaysian rivers were found in the Scopus database (53.57%). Therefore, research articles must be published in journals included in the Journal Citation Report (JCR) to improve their quality further. Besides, benthic macroinvertebrates are commonly identified only up to the family level (47%) due to incomplete tropical benthic macroinvertebrates identification keys. As such, using environmental DNA methods with the power of next-generation sequencing has come in handy in bio-indicator species identification. Among the potential bio-indicators found in Malaysian rivers are Chironomidae (9.11%), Baetidae (8.87%), and Hydropsychidae (8.62%). Based on the approaches utilized in analyzing benthic macroinvertebrates as bio-indicators, in-depth research such as bioassay and toxicology tests is necessary to realize the potential bio-indicators fully. Many studies focused on recreational rivers in Peninsular Malaysia. Therefore, research studies would be expanded to urban rivers and rivers in Sabah and Sarawak. Also, to overcome the limitation of the single biotic index, developing a multimetric index to evaluate the water quality by selecting many river basins is essential. Bibliographic analysis showed that the Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, made the greatest total link strength. The Serangga Journal published the highest number of research articles. Finally, utilizing advanced technologies is recommended to address Malaysia's lack of potential bio-indicator studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many shocks, including COVID-19, wars, inflation, contractionary U.S. monetary policy, and oil price hikes, have recently buffeted the world economy. The literature has reported mixed results concerning how these shocks impact Malaysian stock returns. Some studies found that U.S. monetary policy mattered for Malaysia, while others reported that it did not. This paper, employing two U.S. monetary policy measures over the 2001–2019 period, finds that U.S. policy matters little for Malaysian equities. Some studies found that oil price hikes increased Malaysian stock returns while others reported that they did not. This paper, employing updated data, reports that oil price increases, driven by both world demand shocks and oil supply shocks, raise Malaysian stock returns. The paper also compares the performance of Malaysian equities since the pandemic began, with returns forecasted based on macroeconomic variables. The period since the pandemic started has been labeled the megacrisis era. Interconnected crises, including the pandemic, wars, rising commodity prices, and climate events, all overlapped. The results indicate that industrial metals and banks have performed well since the pandemic began. Food producers, healthcare providers, medical equipment suppliers, tourist-related companies, and semiconductor firms have suffered. This paper considers several steps that could help these sectors to recover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: From 2000 to 2021, the Malaysian corruption perception index demonstrated a declining tendency, identifying Malaysia as a highly corrupt nation. Corruption in the nation has become a social cancer that has impacted the workplace and political climate. Using Dewey's (1937) theory of education and social change, this paper argues that anti-corruption education is a tool for reforming the corruption culture of a nation. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to explore and understand the current anti-corruption education in Malaysian educational institutions. Design/methodology/approach: The results of this study were derived from a qualitative content analysis of 20 Google News articles, an interview with the sole implementation agency, the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) and a literature assessment of MACC publications. Due to a dearth of preceding study and journal publications on the topic, this type of qualitative content analysis of news has been applied in prior studies. Findings: The results indicate that anti-corruption education has been implemented in the primary, secondary and higher education institutions in Malaysia. Nonetheless, the concept and implementation are inadequate, superficial and insufficient. The analysis advises more inclusive techniques for delivering anti-corruption education for social transformation. Originality/value: Prior research has focussed on laws and regulations to prosecute the corrupt, but has underrated the ability of education to alter the corruption culture. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first journal paper, written on anti-corruption education in Malaysia. This study sets the way for further anti-corruption education studies in the future. This line of research will provide insights for the nation's policymaking, which aims to create a nation free of corruption and capable of sustaining itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the increasing centralization of power by the current 'reformist' Malaysian government through the co-optation of civil society organizations (CSOs) to bolster the moral legitimacy of the integral state. We argue that Anwar Ibrahim's transition from a unifying figure in oppositional politics to his current role has inadvertently led to the muting of civil society actors (CSAs) and CSOs. This co-optation has significantly diminished the autonomy and influence of civil society in Malaysia's political landscape. A comparative analysis of the socio-economic strategies employed by Anwar and his predecessor, Najib Razak, reveals that Anwar's efforts towards wealth redistribution and empowerment of marginalized communities have been limited. This policy approach has disproportionately affected rural constituencies, potentially altering the dynamics of political support. Furthermore, the current administration under Anwar faces criticism for failing to fulfill its campaign promise of holding corrupt politicians accountable. This situation is exacerbated by the involvement of two prominent lawyers representing politicians across party lines, raising questions about conflicts of interest and the integrity of the judicial process. Drawing on Gramscian theory, this paper posits that legal professionals should be incorporated into the concept of the 'integral state' due to their capacity to interpret, manipulate, and shape laws in ways that often benefit the ruling elite. This theoretical expansion provides a more comprehensive framework for understanding the mechanisms of power consolidation in contemporary Malaysian politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines transformations undertaken by the Malaysian government in reforming its deportation policy, operation, and enforcement. It focuses on the post-2008 period during which Malaysia embarked on several reform initiatives, notably the introduction of biometric technology, the implementation of the National Blue Ocean Strategy, and the establishment of a National Task Force under military leadership. This paper aims to analyse the implementation of the reforms and the implications of these initiatives. The analysis draws upon parliamentary debates, ministerial documents, legal texts, online news media and secondary literature. This paper has found the following three findings. First, deportation could be conceptualised as a migration control strategy to achieve zero irregularity. Second, Malaysia’s deportation regime is increasingly technologically driven, integrated, and militarised. Third, Malaysia has established a network of border and migration management databases centred on the identification, monitoring, and surveillance of individuals. The integration of biometrics technology in interior enforcement has led to the emergence of a digital border. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid urbanization will cause various land use changes and the vast occupation of green spaces, a critical factor in the deterioration of biodiversity in urbanized areas. Some species of wildlife are endangered due to habitat shrunk and fragmentation. However, Malaysia's current biodiversity protection range is still limited. The Ecological Network (EN) refers to a framework of ecological components, which can be obtained by geographical and technical approaches to support more ecological diversity ranges. Furthermore, little research has been found on EN in Malaysia and the impact of land use change on EN. Therefore, the Selangor region is selected as the study area. This paper quantifies land use change and measures the extent of land use change to obtain the EN's change. The result has shown that forestland has decreased, explored by people for housing and agriculture from 2000 to 2020. The EN has a trend of fragmentation. Overall, this study's results imply that the land use change led to EN's worsened performance from 2000 to 2020 in the study area. This paper hopes that this research could help supply information on conserving biodiversity in future development and urban sustainable planning in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The language load within mathematics test items can lead to inaccuracy in assessing Orang Asli pupils' mathematical ability due to their struggle in comprehending the academic language. This study aims to determine the validity of using test accommodations in the form of oral academic language and oral native language when administering mathematics computation and word problem test items among the Orang Asli pupils. Methodology - By employing a quantitative approach, this study utilised random equivalent group design to examine the validity of using oral test accommodations among 334 Grade Four Orang Asli pupils. Three testlets were constructed and used in this study: written test in the academic language (WAL), oral test in the academic language (OAL), and oral test in the native language (ONL). The three testlets comprised Paper 1 and Paper 2, each consisting of 20 mathematics computation and 20-word problem test items, respectively. One-way ANOVA was used to analyse and examine if there were differences in the mathematics performance between the three groups of tests administered to the Orang Asli pupils. Findings - The results indicated that the test scores of the pupils on the oral tests were higher compared to the written test administered to the pupils for both mathematics computation and word problem items. For computation items, the pupils performed better in the OAL testlet, followed by the ONL testlet. On the other hand, the pupils obtained the highest test scores in the ONL testlet compared to the OAL testlet for word problem items. Furthermore, the results illustrate that there is a difference in the mathematics performance of the Orang Asli pupils between the oral tests in both languages and written tests in the academic language. Significant - This study clearly shows that language plays a prominent role in affecting the Orang Asli pupils' mathematics performance. By utilising the oral test as a promising test accommodation, this measure could help address the language barrier faced by the Orang Asli pupils in mathematics testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the determinants of the long-term performance of 351 initial public offerings (IPOs) launched in Malaysia over the 2002-2010 period. This paper used a panel regression analysis framework based on the ordinary least squares (OLS) technique to examine the potential determinants of IPOs' long-term performance. The findings revealed that the volatility of aftermarket returns, the dummy ACE market and concentration ownership significantly influence the long-term performance of Malaysian IPOs. This paper offers important implications specifically for investors as the findings can help them understand more about public companies' long-term performance and how to better predict their performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore the factors that influence Malaysian online shoppers' behaviour in recycling e-commerce packaging waste. This study employed an in-depth semi-structured interview. In total, 12 participants were recruited in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, Malaysia, including eight females and four males aged between 25 and 50. ATLAS.ti version 8 software was used to analyse the details of the content and interpret it holistically. The study reveals that Malaysian online shoppers still lack awareness of the environmental impact, particularly in recycling e-commerce packaging waste. It also indicates that social influences play a major role in influencing them to recycle e-commerce packaging waste. The paper is a new research area with global implications. While limited to sample size, several recommendations are made, covering recycling facilities, consumer empowerment, and individual responsibility to increase future recycling for better environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to explore how the term "mental health literacy" (MHL) is defined and understand the implications for public mental health and educational interventions. Design/methodology/approach: An extensive search was conducted by searching PubMed, ERIC, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science. Keywords such as "mental health literacy" and "definition" were used. The publication year ranges from 1997 to 2023. Findings: In total, 17 papers met the inclusion criteria. Three distinct themes characterise the definitions of MHL: cognitive understanding; affective empowerment; and behavioural change. In the mental health educational context, inspiration, transformation and practice can be viewed as three stages for curriculum development. Research limitations/implications: Despite conducting a systematic literature review, there remains the possibility that certain relevant studies may not have been identified. Specifically, the selection criteria prioritise papers that explicitly addressed MHL. Practical implications: Traditional educational approaches prioritise knowledge dissemination and attitude change; integrating MHL into mental health well-being curriculum advocates for action-oriented intervention to address mental health challenges. Social implications: Understanding different definitions and concepts in a field can be valuable for consolidating shared understandings, highlighting tensions and contradictions, and enhancing communication among researchers. Ironically, perhaps, the process also highlights the provisional nature of these definitions. Originality/value: The exploration of MHL with three themes of definitions sheds light on the understanding of this concept. Three core themes in MHL definitions guide future curriculum development. This study underscores the importance of prioritise action-oriented intervention in mental health education, emphasising the need to move beyond knowledge dissemination towards transformative practices that promote holistic mental well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Failure to understand business from a value chain perspective was identified in the National Entrepreneurship Policy 2030 as one of the challenges that need to be addressed for an entrepreneur's sustainability. Value chains refer to the activities that add value at each stage in developing, producing, and delivering quality products to customers. This paper aims to identify the determinants of effective and sustainable factors that underpin rural community-based value chains in their business conduct. In achieving these objectives, the methodology includes a case study on the Warisan Dapur Lenggong Business Project in Lenggong, Malaysia, library searches, and an analysis of previous literature reviews on value chains and community-based small businesses. The finding shows that factors contributing to the success of rural entrepreneurs in value chains can be categorised into internal and external patterns. Internal individual factors include entrepreneurial culture, skills and knowledge, adaptability, continuous improvement and Innovation, networking and collaboration. In contrast, internal community factors include community, leadership, local association and staff support, value proposition and differentiation, financial management, community resilience and perseverance. In comparison, external factors include access to market information, technology and infrastructural limitations, political influence and government policy. This paper also hopes to strengthen the body of knowledge on how effective value chains help entrepreneurs achieve sustainable competitive advantage as one of the agenda for 2030 Sustainable Development and for making Malaysia a higher-income and civilised nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper examines the conceptual and legal aspects of project-oriented public administration, focusing on the Russian experience and comparing it with practices from the USA, UK, and Malaysia from 2011 to 2020. The study aims to identify specific features of project-oriented public administration, provide a comparative analysis of methodologies for managing national projects, and formulate recommendations for improving legal mechanisms based on national experiences from both developed and developing states. The research highlights the formation and implementation of public administration aimed at realizing national projects, emphasizing the establishment of public and legal foundations for their implementation. Using a comparative case study approach, the study employs document analysis, secondary sources, and expert interviews to examine the legal frameworks, organizational structures, implementation challenges, and performance metrics of project management in the selected countries. The findings reveal significant differences in the legal frameworks and implementation practices across the four countries, with Russia showing a fragmented legal framework primarily governed by federal laws and presidential decrees. In contrast, the UK and USA have more comprehensive legal frameworks with detailed regulations, and Malaysia's framework focuses on government-led initiatives with clear procedural regulations. The paper concludes by proposing recommendations for improving the legal and institutional frameworks for projectoriented public administration in Russia, including systematizing and consolidating its legal framework, improving coordination among government levels, investing in capacity building, and enhancing engagement with the private sector and civil society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to examine the extent of ethical values information disclosure on the top 100 Malaysian and Indonesian companies' annual reports using coercive isomorphism under the institutional theory. Design/methodology/approach: Using the content analysis, the presence or exclusion of ethical values information disclosed on 100 Malaysian and Indonesian companies' annual reports using a newly developed Ethical Values Disclosure Index is carried out. Findings: The results of the analysis found that Indonesian companies on average disclosed 31 items under study compared to 27 items disclosed by the companies in Malaysia. The results suggest that Indonesian companies are more vigilant in the code of ethics, companies policy on ethical issues, monitoring program and accountability, ethical performance, ethical infrastructure and organizational responsibility aspects, whereas their Malaysian counterparts are better in reporting governance and integrity committee or board of directors. Research limitations/implications: The findings may not be applicable to other countries in the same region, nevertheless, revealed the importance of adequate ethical values disclosure in determining the level of ethical behavior. Practical implications: Companies in Indonesia are coercively pressed by various influential stakeholder groups to address ethical issues. The less disclosure regarding corporate ethical behavior may indicate that unethical practices continue to be a problem in the Malaysian corporate sector. Originality/value: This paper adds to the literature by examining the elements of ethical values adapted mainly from the professional bodies that regulate the accounting profession and other organizations using the institutional theory, particularly in two countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessing nutritional status in older people is essential to screen for malnutrition and identify the individuals requiring nutritional intervention for a better quality of life and longer life expectancy. This review aimed to investigate malnutrition and the role of nutritional assessment tools among older people in Malaysia. We systematically reviewed the publications from 2000 to 2019 using PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases, recovering 15 original articles published until January 2022. This systematic review was conducted from May to September 2022. Two reviewers were involved in the process of the selection of articles and data extraction. Only research papers on malnutrition among older people in institutionalized settings in Malaysia were included. Four articles related to malnutrition in older people in old folk homes in Malaysia were included in this review. The tools with the most significant evidence were Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and Nutritional Health Checklist (NHC) in residential care for the elderly. It was found that the incidence of malnutrition among the elderly in old folk homes in Malaysia ranged from 12.3% to 17.4%. Meanwhile, 40.4% to 57.7% of the population are documented to be at risk of malnutrition. NA and DETERMINE NHC were found to be most suitable for use in residential care due to their high sensitivity and specificity. A subsequent study is proposed to build and implement a scoring system to rate screening tools based on the validity, suitability, and practicability of the tools to help with malnutrition screening research and clinical practice in Malaysia and internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The government has set an ambitious target of renewable energy development in Malaysia. As a promising renewable energy source, wind energy plays an important role in the Malaysia renewable energy roadmap. Compared to onshore wind energy, offshore wind resources with better quality can be provided in the areas away from the coast, which has greater potential to contribute to electricity generation. Wind and bathymetry conditions are two important factors that determine the feasibility and economics of offshore wind turbines. In this paper, an investigation is conducted on wind and bathymetry conditions around Malaysia. The data source mainly originates from the Global Wind Atlas. The conditions of the coastal areas in different states and federal territories of both Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia are analysed, with a specific focus on wind speed, wind energy density, and bathymetry conditions in high-wind-speed regions. The data and survey are verified and compared with the past published literature. This paper aims to investigate the wind and bathymetry conditions around Malaysia, assess the potential of offshore wind energy, discuss the feasibility of offshore wind turbines, and provide references for offshore wind development in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honey is produced exclusively by honeybees and stingless bees which both are well adapted to tropical and subtropical regions such as Malaysia. Stingless bees are known for producing small amounts of honey and are known for having a unique flavor profile. Problem identified that many stingless bees collapsed due to weather, temperature and environment. It is critical to understand the relationship between the production of stingless bee honey and environmental conditions to improve honey production. Thus, this paper presents a review on stingless bee's honey production and prediction modeling. About 54 previous research has been analyzed and compared in identifying the research gaps. A framework on modeling the prediction of stingless bee honey is derived. The result presents the comparison and analysis on the internet of things (IoT) monitoring systems, honey production estimation, convolution neural networks (CNNs), and automatic identification methods on bee species. It is identified based on image detection method the top best three efficiency presents CNN is at 98.67%, densely connected convolutional networks with YOLO v3 is 97.7%, and DenseNet201 convolutional networks 99.81%. This study is significant to assist the researcher in developing a model for predicting stingless honey produced by bee's output, which is important for a stable economy and food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In criminal litigation, evidence plays a very significant role in ensuring that justice is delivered. Nevertheless, justice cannot be achieved without the correct application of standard of proof. Failure to apply the correct standard of proof could result in miscarriage of justice. This paper examines the concept of standard of proof from the Islamic and common law perspectives. It also analyses the similarities and differences in the application of standard of proof under both legal systems. This study is a doctrinal research and utilises qualitative methods. The primary and secondary data are gathered using the documentation method obtained from library, legal statutes and reported cases. The gathered data are then further analysed using content analysis method. Findings of this study show that there are similarities and differences in the concept of standard of proof in criminal cases under both legal systems. In spite of the similarities, several applications under the common law should not be referred or utilised in litigating Syariah criminal cases. This paper suggests that the standard of proof under Islamic law is to be harmonised with the common law in the prosecution of criminal cases in the Syariah courts. The research conducted contributes towards the knowledge in distinguishing between the Islamic and common law principles particularly for countries that practise Islamic criminal law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postgraduate students need to be equipped with self-determined learning skills in order to meet the demands of higher degree and employment in the fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0) environment. However, the lack of analysis conducted on item level for validating the measurement of postgraduate students' self-determined learning skills prompted the development of The Postgraduate Self-determined Learning Questionnaire (PSLQ) to fill in the research gaps. This paper aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the newly developed 42-item instrument through a mixed method approach as no study has evaluated the psychometric properties of PSLQ at the item level through Rasch model analysis. Quantitatively, 440 postgraduate students were sampled from a higher education institution in Malaysia to answer the questionnaire. Qualitatively, 10 respondents from science and non-science disciplines were interviewed. The paper reports findings on the psychometric properties of PSLQ through Rasch Rating Analysis and participants' perspectives on the item validity. The results revealed that the items in PSLQ demonstrated good psychometric properties for the measurement of self-determined learning skills of postgraduate students. Implications of the study were discussed in this paper. Future studies can further investigate the psychometric properties of PSLQ according to students' discipline of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China announced a shift towards green infrastructure, green investment and green financing at the 2019 Second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation in response to criticisms of the negative environmental impact of some earlier BRI infrastructure projects. The objective of this paper is to explore whether there has been a shift in Malaysia towards the new green-aspired goals of the BRI in terms of green governance and projects. The key findings of this paper suggest that there is no discernible shift to green projects as nongreen investments are also accepted. Malaysia has requirements for green governance, but implementation can be an issue. Host economies, like Malaysia, must take ownership of green requirements for there to be a sustained shift towards green governance. Likewise, China’s investments have to comply with local laws, which can improve the environmental impact when local laws and regulations are judiciously implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gestión y Análisis de Políticas Públicas, Nueva Época (GAPP) is the property of Instituto Nacional de Administracion Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nowadays, the cosmetics industry has developed a strong interest in applying nanotechnology. A significant number of cosmetic products such as lipstick, sunscreen, anti-aging, cleansers, and perfume contain nanomaterials or nanocarriers and are readily available in the market. Scientific studies have raised justified concern over the potential hazards associated with the penetration of nanoparticles through the skin barrier, which renders the need for precaution. Nanolabels enable consumers to take precautions by making an informed decision and protecting the susceptible group of the population. This paper analyses the necessity of nanolabelling for nanocosmetics in the EU and Malaysia. Reference is made to the nanocosmetics labelling framework in the European Union with special reference made to France and the nanocosmetics framework in Malaysia. It adopts doctrinal analysis by examining the legislation regulating nanocosmetics in Malaysia which is among others in the Guidelines for Control of Cosmetic Products in Malaysia (2nd Edition) effective from 1 August 2022. This paper discusses labelling beyond informed decisions by discussing the debate on (i) potential risk, (ii) risk assessment strategies, (iii) effectiveness of information strategies, and (iv) potential alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The religious principles that characterize the Islamic bank have direct consequences on the models of Corporate Governance which, at the same time, must be in accordance with national and international regulations and best practices. The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of the participatory depositor in the Corporate Governance Models of the Islamic Bank, a special category of stakeholder that entrusts their savings to the Islamic Bank on the basis of the Profit and Loss Sharing principle. In the present study the models of Corporate Governance of the Islamic Bank, with regard to the protection of the interests of the participatory depositor, are analyzed through a comparative analysis of the regulations of the following Countries, Malaysia and Morocco. The objective is to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the protection of the interests of affected stakeholders in order to verify the presence of a sustainable model of Corporate Governance, namely if the participatory depositor needs more guarantees than other categories of stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the shift to a knowledge-based economy, SMEs in the Malaysian furniture industry need to improve their innovation capability to meet the dynamic challenges and opportunities of the information age and secure a competitive advantage. Empirical research shows that a variety of factors play a crucial role in determining the innovation capabilities of the firm. The aim of this conceptual paper is to investigate how tacit knowledge sharing influences the innovation performance of SMEs in the Malaysian furniture industry, and to examine the mediating role of innovation capability at both individual and organizational levels. The conceptual framework was constructed after synthesizing the existing literature and highlights the essential role of tacit practices such as knowledge donation and collection are critical in cultivating a culture of knowledge sharing that significantly influences innovation performance at both individual and organizational levels. The paper hypothesizes that innovation capability could serve as a mediator between tacit knowledge sharing and innovation performance, emphasizing the need for SME owners and managers to prioritize tacit knowledge to achieve better innovation outcomes. The conceptual framework is grounded in Resources-Based View theory, which elucidates the interactions between variables. The theoretical and practical implications of this model are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The literature has dealt with the relationship between board characteristics (BC) and firm performance (FP) on a large scale. However, it yielded inconsistent results. Thus, this paper aims to examine the indirect relationship between BC and FP through the mediating role of the capital structure (CS). Design/methodology/approach: This study used a sample of 528 non-financial companies listed on Bursa Malaysia from 2015 to 2019. Also, a two-step system generalised method of moments estimation technique was applied. Findings: The results show that board diversity and the frequency of board meetings positively affect financial performance, and it is negatively influenced by board turnover, size and independence. Also, the results indicate a positive relationship between the independence of the board and all CS variables. Importantly, the findings support the policy-setting role of the board of directors where CS (measured by total debt and short-term debt) suppresses some governance mechanisms' detrimental effect on FP. Hence, the board of directors, apart from the monitoring function, introduce various policies (financial and non-financial) that enhance the overall performance of companies. Originality/value: These results are consistent with the agency's perspective that management practices in selecting the optimal capital reduce agency costs and improve performance. The findings contribute to developing a broader theoretical framework that accounts for the policy-setting role of the board of directors. The current study model of corporate governance offers insight for policymakers into the role of corporate governance other than monitoring functions in organisations and how CS should be taken into consideration with corporate governance and FP association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore and evaluate the current legal position on the admissibility and exclusion of illegally obtained evidence in money laundering cases. Design/methodology/approach: A thorough exploratory analytical analysis signifies that such illegally obtained evidence from money laundering offences is admissible, provided it does not undermine the administration of justice or the right to a fair trial. Findings: By virtue of the lack of written or codified rules governing the admissibility and exclusion of illegally obtained evidence in cases involving money laundering, the rule of admissibility remains the primary foundational principle for the governance of the admissibility and exclusion of illegally obtained evidence in money laundering cases. Originality/value: The Malaysian Criminal Justice System has historically relied on the long-standing admissibility principles to admit and exclude illegally obtained evidence. For decades, courts have used their discretion to admit illegally obtained evidence based on the relevancy test, and they have further demonstrated to use the same discretion to exclude gravely prejudicial evidence. Evidence obtained illegally but if relevant to the matter in issue is deemed admissible. Evidence derived from an act associated with unlawful activities or a predicate offence in money laundering may be obtained illegally, which may influence the prosecution case and conversely, defend the accused's rights to a fair trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resettlement to a third country offers a durable solution for refugees who cannot integrate into their asylum or transit countries. While most studies focus on the experiences of refugees after their arrival in resettlement countries or on the political aspects of resettlement, fewer studies explore refugees' perspectives prior to resettlement. This paper examines how Rohingyas in Malaysia view their resettlement opportunities. We collected qualitative micronarratives from 56 adult Rohingyas living in Malaysia between March and September 2019, to explore the complexities of their decision-making processes. The findings indicate that most Rohingyas aspire to resettle in another country to gain legal status or citizenship, providing a better future for their children, including access to education and healthcare. However, preferences among Rohingyas vary: while some are eager to resettle, others express a strong desire to return to their home country in Myanmar. Still, others wish to reunite with family in Myanmar or Bangladesh, and a significant minority are reluctant to resettle in non-Islamic countries, reflecting broader concerns about cultural and religious compatibility. This study highlights the varied resettlement preferences among Rohingyas, underscoring the need for resettlement policies to consider these diverse priorities to enhance the effectiveness of resettlement programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper examines the relationship between heterogeneous political connections and corporate overinvestment. Design/methodology/approach: Based on a comprehensive Malaysian dataset of 834 publicly listed companies from 2000 to 2022, the authors employed multivariate ordinary least squares regression to test the relationship. Findings: Despite different types of political connections, the findings demonstrate a positive relationship between political connections and corporate overinvestment. In particular, the association is more profound in government-linked companies (GLCs) but weaker in firms that developed political ties through family members of ruling elites. Further analysis reveals that the "helping hand" effect is only observed in GLCs and firms with politically connected directors and businessmen, whereas the "grabbing hand" effect is observed among firms connected through board, businessmen, and family ties. Moreover, the relationship is more persistent among firms with politically connected directors and businessmen around the regime change. Research limitations/implications: Regardless of the types of political connections, the findings show that politically connected firms tend to engage in rent-seeking through political patronage networks and high levels of government interference in resource allocation. Therefore, a more sophisticated monitoring system should be developed within the political patronage networks to reduce the likelihood of different types of political-business collusion. In terms of research limitations, the research design does not consider the influence of financial constraints and management efficiency. Future research could explore these facets to comprehensively understand the dynamics between political connections and corporate investment decisions. Practical implications: The evidence informs market participants about the relationship between heterogeneous political connections and corporate overinvestment, reinforcing previous findings that crony capitalism, political patronage, agency problems, and weak governance are well-entrenched in Malaysia's emerging economy. The government should acknowledge these concerns by enacting anti-corruption campaigns and promoting a fair business environment. In the meantime, policymakers might redesign regulations and revise corporate governance frameworks to substantially reduce the value of political connections, thereby diminishing the bargaining power of politicians. Social implications: As corporate investment efficiency has a considerable impact on firm value, investment decisions that enhance firm value will increase share price and maximise shareholder value. Conversely, firms may damage shareholder value if they overinvest or undertake projects that do not yield sufficient. Hence, the findings of this study may assist investors in making more informed judgements, particularly by understanding different types of business-government relations, as political connections are one of the determinants of corporate overinvestment. Originality/value: This study reveals that the degree to which overinvestment issues manifest within firms is influenced by the nature of the political connections those firms possess. This indicates that politically connected firms should not be regarded as a homogenous group of firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a clearer understanding of head of panel (HoP) leadership in Malaysian primary schools. The research on HoP leadership is still in its early stages and requires further expansion. Additionally, this paper discusses the role of HoP leadership using the models developed by Turner and Bolam (1998). The research also revealed that the HoP needs to possess the necessary skills to guide the team members and set an example for their roles and [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the influence of psychosocial safety climate (PSC) on work engagement, job satisfaction and the mediating role of job demands among young academics in Malaysian research universities. Design/methodology/approach: The study participants consisted of 177 full-time lecturers employed by Malaysian research universities for at least one year. Respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Findings: The findings reveal the significance of PSC in fostering work engagement and job satisfaction by mitigating the impact of job demands. However, the finding indicates that the relationship between job demands and work engagement was not statistically significant. Research limitations/implications: The necessity for a thorough three-wave research to precisely analyze the model's longitudinal impacts was discovered in all correlation and cross-sectional studies. Practical implications: The results indicate that the university should focus on job design and PSC support to enable university management to investigate further avenues for minimizing the impact of job demands to support academicians in RUs and enhance their job satisfaction. The results also indicated that young academicians' work engagement might be improved by appropriate job demands. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to examine these relationships among young academic staff in Malaysian universities. This paper offers recommendations to university policymakers on enhancing PSC, work engagement and job satisfaction among young academicians. It highlights the mediating role of job demands in Malaysian research universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the attitudinal predictors (attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control) of consumers' water conservation intentions. The average daily water usage among consumers in Malaysia is 201 litres higher than the recommended 165 litres by the United Nations. Furthermore, based on the National Water Resource Study (2000-2050), water consumption is expected to rise by 103% by 2050. The water issues require decisive action to ensure sufficient clean water resources for future generations. Thus, educating consumers regarding water saving is of paramount importance in ensuring sufficient water resources and achieving SDGs. Data were collected via 320 questionnaires, and Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. The findings indicate a positively significant association between attitudinal predictors and Water Conservation Intention among Malaysian consumers. Interestingly, income level exhibits a clear negative and significant relationship with Water Conservation Intention. This implies that income level does not influence consumer's attitudes. The findings in this paper contribute to the essential component of holistic and integrated governance frameworks aimed at achieving sustainable and inclusive development for water management in Malaysia. This study contributes to the scarce yet crucial body of evidence regarding water-conservation efforts to ensure sustainable water management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing the retention rate of female students in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields has always been challenging in many institutions. Engineering is among the maledominated fields in both academia and the workplace. In Malaysia, recent statistics indicate that the number of women choosing engineering as a degree is still not encouraging. This paper focuses on the design, implementation, and evaluation of the programs aimed at empowering female students in engineering, where it discusses the methodologies used, the effectiveness of the programs, and the impact on students' perceptions and attitudes toward engineering. Several retention programs that target female engineering students were employed, such as providing a peer-supportive environment, establishing a society of women engineers in university, organizing cooperative events and activities, and exposing them to successful female role models. The effectiveness of the programs was evaluated using a survey administered to female undergraduate students at Taylor's University, Malaysia as part of a one-year project titled "EWE: Empowering Engineering Female Students to Improve Retention and Progression", funded by Engineering Information Foundation (EiF). By using thematic coding and statistical tests, the survey aimed to investigate the motives behind female students' decisions to pursue engineering as a degree and assess Self-efficacy and Sustained Interest in Engineering as a result of the empowerment programs. The programs implemented here can be adapted by other universities, especially in Malaysia aiming to provide opportunities and success rates for female engineers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of BMC Geriatrics is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Total factor productivity (TFP) change is an important driver of long-run economic growth in the construction sector. However, examining TFP alone is insufficient to identify the cause of TFP changes. Therefore, this paper employs the infrequently used Geometric Young Index (GYI) and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to measure and decompose the TFP Index (TFPI) at the firm-level from 2009 to 2018 based on Malaysian construction firms' data. Design/methodology/approach: To improve the TFPI estimation, normally unobserved environmental variables were included in the GYI-TFPI model. These are the physical operation of the firm (inland versus marine operation) and regional locality (West Malaysia versus East Malaysia). Consequently, the complete components of TFPI (i.e. technological, environmental, managerial, and statistical noise) can be accurately decomposed. Findings: The results reveal that TFP change is affected by technological stagnation and improvements in technical efficiency but a decline in scale-mix efficiency. Moreover, the effect of environmental efficiency on TFP is most profound. In this case, being a marine construction firm and operating in East Malaysia can reduce TFPI by up to 38%. The result, therefore, indicates the need for progressive policies to improve long-term productivity. Practical implications: Monitoring and evaluating productivity change allows an informed decision to be made by managers/policy makers to improve firms' competitiveness. Incentives and policies to improve innovation, competition, training, removing unnecessary taxes and regulation on outputs (inputs) could enhance the technological, technical and scale-mix of resources. Furthermore, improving public infrastructure, particularly in East Malaysia could improve regionality locality in relation to the environmental index. Originality/value: This study contributes to knowledge by demonstrating how TFP components can be completely modelled using an aggregator index with good axiomatic properties and SFA. In addition, this paper is the first to apply and include the GYI and environmental variables in modelling construction productivity, which is of crucial importance in formulating appropriate policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Households’ over-indebtedness has various social and economic consequences. With an increasing number of over-indebted households and rising individual bankruptcies, especially in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, the efficiency of the solutions available to target this issue is becoming questionable. The purpose of this study is to propose an innovative Shariah-compliant mechanism based on crowd-buying, aiming at alleviating households’ over-indebtedness. The present study adopts a qualitative research design based on an extensive review of the existing literature and a case study of the Real Estate Crowdbuying (REC) model. The study also presents a Shariah assessment of the REC model. The study found that the REC model has five contradictions with the guidelines of Shariah and proposes an enhanced version based on Shariah compliant contracts. As per the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that provides a Shariah assessment to the REC model and proposes an enhanced Shariah-compliant version. The main limitation of this research is the limited focus on the Shariah compliance of the model. Further studies might explore the regulatory challenges of the application of this model in Malaysia and other Muslim countries. The proposition made by this paper contributes to broadening the range of Shariah-compliant instruments aiming at alleviating households’ over-indebtedness and curbing individual bankrupt [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present review paper is to provide a preliminary review related to current research on the implementation of food safety regulations, and the impact on three dimensions of food security level namely food resources, food production, and logistics. All 16 research papers published in 2016 - 2023 on implementation of food regulations among food industries in Malaysia were collected from Google Scholar and discussed herein. The main factors that contribute to low number of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) with food safety assurance certification are due to high certification and business renovation costs, language barrier between industries and authorities, as well as lack of motivation and knowledge among SMEs. In addition, the negligence of food manufacturers in following regulations leaves negative impact on Malaysia's food security level. The present review suggests future research on food fraud, food defence, and stability of food resources to secure higher level of food safety and security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Project-based learning (PjBL) is a student-centred approach focusing on experiential learning. The approach has been widely used in the field of sciences and mathematics but not in social sciences, particularly in English writing skills. As PjBL gains popularity as one of the 21st century teaching and learning approaches, there is a need to identify the trends, key authors, significant countries, and findings related to PjBL in writing. This paper presents a systematic literature review (SLR) conducted on 17 articles from the year 2018 to 2023 from the Scopus database following the PRISMA guideline. The study focused on PjBL and English writing, employing a systematic literature review to analyse trends, countries, authors, and journals. The analysis reveals dynamic trends of PjBL in the writing field. While the publication output fluctuated over the years, Indonesia emerged as a major contributor, signifying a global interest. A diverse distribution of articles across journals and countries underscores the global impact of PjBL, with notable contributions from Malaysia, China, and Russia. This paper synthesises the key themes from the literature review, emphasising the improvement in writing skills through PjBL and its challenges. The findings underscore PjBL's potential in transforming English writing education, emphasising the importance of addressing challenges for effective integration. The study contributes to the literature through a systematic analysis, providing insights into the trends and recommendations in PjBL in English writing research. Further research should delve into refining PjBL methodologies to maximize its innovative potential in English writing instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maritime archaeology and underwater cultural heritage are crucial for revealing a valuable collection of historical, and cultural importance submerged beneath Malaysia's coastal waters. This paper comprehensively reviews the preservation efforts concerning Malaysia's maritime archaeology and underwater cultural heritage. Malaysia has a vast coastline and a significant historical background in the maritime trade, resulting in a wide range of submerged archaeological sites dating back several centuries. Furthermore, the paper discusses the terms of maritime archaeology and underwater cultural heritage, the element of the term underwater cultural heritage, the law in Malaysia related to underwater cultural heritage, and the process of excavation of shipwrecks also artifacts in Malaysia's Waters. This review seeks to educate policymakers, academicians, researchers, and heritage practitioners about the significance of conserving Malaysia's maritime archaeology and underwater cultural heritage by combining the existing research and practical experiences. It promotes increased awareness, funding, and coordinated actions to protect these invaluable connections to Malaysia's maritime history for future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]