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The steer-by-wire (SbW) system is a promising system in the realm of automotive engineering. It substitutes the mechanical connection between the steering wheel and the front road wheels with an electronic signal-based functional connection. The SbW system offers several advantages over conventional steering systems, including weight reduction, reduced vibration, and enhanced steering functionality configuration. However, the absence of a mechanical linkage in the SbW system gives rise to certain challenges. The SbW system requires endowing adequate steering feel such as damping and reaction force using feedback motor, and the road wheel needs robust control of pinion motor for normal load variation by passengers and self-aligning torque as external disturbance. The SbW system is composed of the steering feedback module (SFM) and the road wheel module (RWM). This paper proposes a control approach to generate steering feel for SFM, in which steering feel is generated using an admittance model based on velocity control. A disturbance observer is applied to ensure robustness of velocity control. The steering wheel torque versus steering wheel angle (T–A) curve is used to analyze steering feel characteristic and evaluate steering feel. The proposed steering system is validated through experiments that confirm its ability to provide satisfactory steering feel for vehicles. This work may offer a novel solution for the design of advanced steering systems in the field for the future mobility such as an autonomous driving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an autonomous driving lateral control algorithm is introduced for bus rapid transit (BRT, with an articulated bus). The control algorithm includes an integration of model predictive control (MPC) for lateral control and PID control algorithms for longitudinal control considering the vehicle properties. To verify the algorithm in real-time, a model-in-the-loop system was developed using TruckSim in NI Veristand and Matlab/Simulink in Micro-AutoBox. In TruckSim, a BRT plant model was verified using vehicle tests and then applied. In addition, GPS data from a BRT route were acquired from the vehicle test and applied to a TruckSim scenario. In the Matlab/Simulink, the autonomous driving lateral control algorithm for MPC was developed. To communicate between the plant model and the control algorithm in real-time, a controller area network (CAN) protocol was defined and applied like a real vehicle. Therefore, a real-time verification environment was prepared to test the real-time autonomous driving lateral control algorithm for BRT. By using the verification environment, the control algorithm was verified using the ISO-11270 standard. Although many efforts have been made to develop an autonomous driving control algorithm, autonomous driving of BRT is expected more tangible because the BRT has its own lane and speed limitation. Therefore, this paper will introduce about study of real time feasibility, adaptation of vehicle variables, and precise prediction model for MPC algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]