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* Context.--Unicentric Castleman disease (UCD) is a dynamic entity with a wide spectrum of morphologic findings. UCD can be further subdivided into hyaline-vascular and mixed/plasmacytic variants. Hyaline-vascular UCD has both follicular and interfollicular (stromal) changes, and occasionally these lesions show a skewed representation of either the follicular or stromal compartments. Plasmacytosis is usually minimal in the hyaline-vascular variant. The mixed/plasmacytic variant of UCD is composed of sheets of plasma cells often associated with a variable number of follicles with regressive changes. Objective.--To illustrate the differential diagnosis of UCD, as it is quite broad and includes lymphomas, plasma cell neoplasms, stromal neoplasms such as follicular dendritic cell sarcoma and vascular neoplasms, immunoglobulin G4-related disease, infections, and other rare lesions. An additional objective is to enhance awareness of the morphologic features of UCD in excisional and in small core-needle biopsy specimens, the latter of which may inadvertently target follicle- or stroma-rich areas, causing diagnostic challenges. Data Sources.--In this review, we provide readers a concise illustration of the morphologic spectrum of UCD that we have encountered in our practice and a brief discussion of entities in the differential diagnosis. Conclusions.--UCD exhibits a broad spectrum of morphologic changes, and awareness of these morphologic variations is key to avoid misdiagnosis. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2022-0404-RA, Castleman disease (CD) is a designation used for a heterogeneous group of diseases that involve lymph nodes. CD may be unicentric (UCD) or multicentric (MCD), based on the number of [...]

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is fatal in the majority of adults. Identification of new therapeutic targets and their pharmacologic modulators are needed to improve outcomes. Previous studies had shown that immunization of rabbits with normal peripheral WBCs that had been incubated with fluorodinitrobenzene elicited high titer antibodies that bound to a spectrum of human leukemias. We report that proteomic analyses of immunoaffinity-purified lysates of primary AML cells showed enrichment of scaffolding protein IQGAP1. Immunohistochemistry and gene-expression analyses confirmed IQGAP1 mRNA overexpression in various cytogenetic subtypes of primary human AML compared to normal hematopoietic cells. shRNA knockdown of IQGAP1 blocked proliferation and clonogenicity of human leukemia cell-lines. To develop small molecules targeting IQGAP1 we performed in-silico screening of 212,966 compounds, selected 4 hits targeting the IQGAP1-GRD domain, and conducted SAR of the 'fittest hit' to identify UR778Br, a prototypical agent targeting IQGAP1. UR778Br inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, resulted in G2/M arrest, and inhibited colony formation by leukemia cell-lines and primary-AML while sparing normal marrow cells. UR778Br exhibited favorable ADME/T profiles and drug-likeness to treat AML. In summary, AML shows response to IQGAP1 inhibition, and UR778Br, identified through in-silico studies, selectively targeted AML cells while sparing normal marrow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perfluorododecyl iodide (I-PFC12) is of interest for area-selective deposition (ASD) applications as it exhibits intriguing properties such as ultralow surface energy, the ability to modify silicon's band gap, low surface friction, and suitability for micro-contact patterning. Traditional photolithography is struggling to reach the required critical dimensions. This study investigates the potential of using I-PFC12 as a way to produce contrast between the growth area and non-growth areas of a surface subsequent to extreme ultraviolet (EUV) exposure. Once exposed to EUV, the I-PFC12 molecule should degrade with the help of the photocatalytic substrate, allowing for the subsequent selective deposition of the hard mask. The stability of a vapor-deposited I-PFC12 self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was examined when exposed to ambient light for extended periods of time by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Two substrates, SiO2 and TiO2, are investigated to ascertain the suitability of using TiO2 as a photocatalytic active substrate. Following one month of exposure to light, the atomic concentrations showed a more substantial fluorine loss of 10.2% on the TiO2 in comparison to a 6.2% loss on the SiO2 substrate. This more pronounced defluorination seen on the TiO2 is attributed to its photocatalytic nature. Interestingly, different routes to degradation were observed for each substrate. Reference samples preserved in dark conditions with no light exposure for up to three months show little degradation on the SiO2 substrate, while no change is observed on the TiO2 substrate. The results reveal that the I-PFC12 SAM is an ideal candidate for resistless EUV lithography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the political and scientific controversy surrounding a race science project undertaken by the anthropologist Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt under National Socialism. Beginning in 1934, Eickstedt and his team of assistants conducted a series of racial studies on the population of Upper Silesia, a contested borderland in East Prussia. Motivated by a nationalist desire to counter the work of Polish anthropologists in the region, Eickstedt argued that the population of Upper Silesia belonged predominantly to the so-called 'Nordic race' and that the territory was thus fundamentally German. Nazi officials, however, viewed the Silesian studies with alarm, since the results also appeared to show that people in the area were a racial mixture and that the 'Nordic race' made up less than 40 per cent of the population in some locales. They worried that Eickstedt's studies could undermine Germany's territorial claims in the region and threaten national unity. The ensuing controversy presents a case in which the anthropological concept of 'race', rather than serving its usual role in Nazi thinking as the biological underpinning of the Volk (or people), threatened to undermine its coherence. The reaction to Eickstedt's Silesian studies demonstrates a lack of consensus on race within the Nazi system, suggesting that understandings of race in Nazi Germany were neither as coherent nor as uniform as the paradigm of the 'racial state' has assumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Percentage of positive cores involved on a systemic prostate biopsy has been established as a risk factor for adverse oncologic outcomes and is a National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) independent parameter for unfavorable intermediate-risk disease. Most data from a radiation standpoint was published in an era of conventional fractionation. We explore whether the higher biological dose delivered with SBRT can mitigate this risk factor. Methods: A large single institutional database was interrogated to identify all patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer (PCa) treated with 5-fraction SBRT without ADT. Pathology results were reviewed to determine detailed core involvement as well as Gleason score (GS). High-volume biopsy core involvement was defined as ≥ 50%. Weighted Gleason core involvement was reviewed, giving higher weight to higher-grade cancer. The PSA kinetics and oncologic outcomes were analyzed for association with core involvement. Results: From 2009 to 2018, 1590 patients were identified who underwent SBRT for localized PCa. High-volume core involvement was a relatively rare event observed in 19% of our cohort, which was observed more in patients with small prostates (p < 0.0001) and/or intermediate-risk disease (p = 0.005). Higher PSA nadir was observed in those patients with low-volume core involvement within the intermediate-risk cohort (p = 0.004), which was confirmed when core involvement was analyzed as a continuous variable weighted by Gleason score (p = 0.049). High-volume core involvement was not associated with biochemical progression (p = 0.234). Conclusions: With a median follow-up of over 4 years, biochemical progression was not associated with pretreatment high-volume core involvement for patients treated with 5-fraction SBRT alone. In the era of prostate SBRT and MRI-directed prostate biopsies, the use of high-volume core involvement as an independent predictor of unfavorable intermediate risk disease should be revisited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotion regulation through cognitive reappraisal is well-studied, but less so are the predispositional and superordinate beliefs that influence reappraisal. Recently, researchers developed the cognitive mediation beliefs questionnaire (CMBQ), which measures two emotion beliefs, namely stimulus-response (S-R) generation beliefs and cognitive mediation (C-M) change beliefs. In working populations S-R generation beliefs are inversely related to cognitive reappraisal tendencies and positive mental health, and positively related to emotion reactivity. C-M change beliefs are positively related to cognitive reappraisal tendencies, and inversely related to emotion reactivity and positive mental health. As yet, there is no evidence for the validity of the CMBQ within student samples, or for the associations between its subscales and cognitive reappraisal, emotion reactivity, and positive mental health. Therefore, in the present study the CMBQ is tested for factorial, convergent (associations with cognitive reappraisal), and concurrent (associations with emotion reactivity and positive mental health) validity in a cohort of 621 undergraduate students in the United Kingdom (U.K.). Results indicate support for the factorial and convergent validity of the CMBQ, with mixed evidence for the concurrent validity of the CMBQ. A CM-SR discrepancy score appeared to provide a promising variable when associated with emotion reactivity and positive mental health. The findings are discussed in terms of practical and research implications of the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Community pharmacies in Wales delivered an NHS-funded sore throat test and treat (STTT) service during the period of increased invasive Group A Streptococcus (iGAS) incidents in winter 2022–23. Service users were screened using FeverPAIN/CENTOR scores, offered GAS rapid antigen detection tests (RADT) if appropriate, and antibiotics if indicated. Objectives To evaluate the service's response to a substantial rise in sore throat presentations during a period of heightened public anxiety. Methods Cross-sectional study with anonymized individual-level data from electronic pharmacy records of all eligible STTT service users, between January 2022 and March 2023. Results Antibiotics were supplied to 24% (95% CI: 23–24) of people who used the STTT service and 31% (95% CI: 31–32) of those who met the threshold for an RADT. Of 27 441 STTT consultations, 9308 (33.9%) occurred during December 2022. In the week commencing 2 December 2022, following the announcements of increased iGAS incidents, we observed a statistically significant increase of 1700 consultations (95% CI: 924–2476) and a statistically significant decrease in supply rate of 13.9 antibiotics per 100 RADT (95% CI: −18.40 to −9.40). Antibiotic supply rates increased thereafter to those observed before the announcements of iGAS incidents. Referral rates to other primary care or emergency settings remained below 10% throughout the study period. Conclusions Our findings suggest that, despite a dramatic increase in sore throat consultation rates in response to media reports, the pre-specified pathway followed by pharmacists ensured appropriate use of antibiotics, and absorbed a substantial workload that would otherwise end up in other healthcare settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

* Context.--Unicentric Castleman disease (UCD) is a dynamic entity with a wide spectrum of morphologic findings. UCD can be further subdivided into hyaline-vascular and mixed/plasmacytic variants. Hyaline-vascular UCD has both follicular and interfollicular (stromal) changes, and occasionally these lesions show a skewed representation of either the follicular or stromal compartments. Plasmacytosis is usually minimal in the hyalinevascular variant. The mixed/plasmacytic variant of UCD is composed of sheets of plasma cells often associated with a variable number of follicles with regressive changes. Objective.--To illustrate the differential diagnosis of UCD, as it is quite broad and includes lymphomas, plasma cell neoplasms, stromal neoplasms such as follicular dendritic cell sarcoma and vascular neoplasms, immunoglobulin G4-related disease, infections, and other rare lesions. An additional objective is to enhance awareness of the morphologic features of UCD in excisional and in small core-needle biopsy specimens, the latter of which may inadvertently target follicle- or stroma-rich areas, causing diagnostic challenges. Data Sources.--In this review, we provide readers a concise illustration of the morphologic spectrum of UCD that we have encountered in our practice and a brief discussion of entities in the differential diagnosis. Conclusions.--UCD exhibits a broad spectrum of morphologic changes, and awareness of these morphologic variations is key to avoid misdiagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a case of a 64-year-old man who presented with back pain and cough. Imaging revealed masses in the chest and abdomen, as well as pleural effusions. Pathological examination of the tissue revealed a poorly differentiated malignant neoplasm that initially appeared to be anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) based on immunohistochemical staining. However, further molecular testing confirmed a diagnosis of ALK-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma. The patient has responded to ALK-inhibitor therapy. The article emphasizes the importance of careful interpretation of immunohistochemical stains in cases of poorly differentiated ALK+/CD30+ neoplasms. [Extracted from the article]

Sustained motivation for Daily Mile participation at higher physical activity intensities may contribute to the attainment of children's daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) targets and long-term health benefits. However, individual variability exists in the amount of MVPA accumulated by children during the Daily Mile. The current study explored children's motivation for participating in the Daily Mile at MVPA intensity, using a theory of planned behaviour framework. Twenty-five children (mean age = 10.07 ± 0.60 years) from the Northwest of England were recruited to the study; 52% were female and 88% were White. Participants completed a questionnaire, with an open-ended response format, probing behavioural, control, and normative beliefs for participation in the Daily Mile at MVPA intensity. Template analysis was conducted independently by two researchers to identify main themes and subthemes. Findings showed that children possessed a range of behavioural, control, and normative beliefs about MVPA participation during the Daily Mile. Prominent behavioural beliefs included fitness enhancement, implications for concentration and learning, positive affective states, and pain and discomfort. Key control beliefs included weather, space and health restrictions, and distractions from peers. Finally, peers and parents were salient normative beliefs. Children possessed a range of modal beliefs in relation to MVPA participation during the Daily Mile. Implications of the findings, and methods for practitioners seeking to maximise the contribution of the Daily Mile to children's daily MVPA targets are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The goal of this study is to establish radiographic features and characteristics of patient injury in cases of femoral shaft fractures that predict the presence of ipsilateral femoral neck fractures (IFNFs)., Methods: Patient data was retrospectively assessed from a single level I trauma center through the electronic health record using (Current Procedural Terminology) CPT codes for both isolated and combined ipsilateral femoral shaft and neck fractures. Demographic information, injury characteristics, and independently reviewed radiographic features were collected and compared against the same information from a group of isolated femoral shaft fractures. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for concomitant IFNFs and their respective odds ratios. A probability algorithm for assessing ipsilateral femoral neck fractures based on independent multivariate predictors was constructed and used., Results: A total of 113 patients with either isolated femoral shaft fractures or combined femoral shaft and IFNF (n = 33) met inclusion criteria and were identified for this study. Fracture displacement was most strongly associated with increased risk of combined injury with an aOR of 25.64 (95 %CI = 5.96-110.28) for every 100 % displacement. Motorcycle crash (MCC) was the mechanism associated with the highest risk of combined injury, with an aOR of 9.85 (95 % CI = 1.99-48.74). Combined injury was also correlated with lower Winquist score and presentation with a closed fracture, with aORs of 0.38 (95 %CI = 0.21 - 0.68) and 11.61 (95 %CI = 1.93-69.94), respectively. Presence of at least 3 of the statistically significant variables produced a positive predictive value (PPV) of ≥ 89 % for combined femoral shaft and IFNF., Conclusions: Identification of combined femoral shaft and IFNF is of critical importance when caring for orthopedic trauma patients. While diagnosis remains a challenging task, MCC mechanism, >100 % fracture displacement, and lower Winquist classification were found to be associated with combined injuries. The combination of these variables might assist in predicting the probability of combined injury and potentially guide decision making on the appropriateness of obtaining single sequence MRI or implementing prophylactic femoral neck fixation., Level of Evidence: Level III., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Introduction: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a widespread and often fatal clinical syndrome marked by the acute onset of pulmonary edema and inflammatory-mediated disruptions in alveolar-capillary permeability resulting in impaired gas exchange and tissue oxygenation with subsequent acute respiratory failure that accounts for 10.4% of all intensive care unit admissions worldwide and boasts a mortality rate of 38.5%. The current treatment for ARDS remains largely supportive. This is largely because of the many challenges of achieving a stable and sustainable animal model that recreates the pathophysiology of ARDS experimentally in a controlled setting to allow research to elucidate potential treatments of ARDS moving forward., Materials and Methods: The bronchoalveolar lavage and oleic acid models are currently the 2 most frequently used experimental models in inducing ARDS in animal models. This study demonstrated that combining them into a "two-hit model" can produce sustained ARDS in swine models per the Horowitz index (PaO2/FiO2 ratio of ≤300 mmHg). Additionally, expected changes in pH, pCO2, lung compliance, cytokines, and tissue histopathology were observed and add to our confidence and reliability that the "two-hit model" produces symptomatic ARDS in a manner very similar to that observed in humans., Results and Conclusions: In conclusion, we demonstrated a viable animal model of human ARDS that is maintained for a prolonged period, suitable for continuous monitoring of the progression, and evaluation of potential future treatments and procedures to reduce patient morbidity and mortality. To carry out this two-hit model, lung injury was induced through a combination of bronchoalveolar lavage and oleic acid administration and the disease process of ARDS is subsequently tracked through clinically relevant parameters such as respiratory mechanics, cytokine response, aretrial blood gas (ABG) changes, and observation of postmortem histopathologic changes. This promising new model has the capacity to successfully replicate human ARDS which is a well-known and notoriously multifactorial pathogenic process to reproduce experimentally for an extended period of time. The "two-hit model" is a viable and appropriate model for the research of novel treatments for ARDS., (© The Association of Military Surgeons of the United States 2024. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site–for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Medically important ixodid ticks often carry multiple pathogens, with individual ticks frequently coinfected and capable of transmitting multiple infections to hosts, including humans. Acquisition of multiple zoonotic pathogens by immature blacklegged ticks ( Ixodes scapularis ) is facilitated when they feed on small mammals, which are the most competent reservoir hosts for Anaplasma phagocytophilum (which causes anaplasmosis in humans), Babesia microti (babesiosis) and Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease). Here, we used data from a large-scale, long-term experiment to ask whether patterns of single and multiple infections in questing nymphal I. scapularis ticks from residential neighbourhoods differed from those predicted by independent assortment of pathogens, and whether patterns of coinfection were affected by residential application of commercial acaricidal products. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used for pathogen detection in multiplex reactions. In control neighbourhoods and those treated with a fungus-based biopesticide deployed against host-seeking ticks (Met52), ticks having only single infections of either B. microti or B. burgdorferi were significantly less common than expected, whereas coinfections with these 2 pathogens were significantly more common. However, use of tick control system bait boxes, which kill ticks attempting to feed on small mammals, eliminated the bias towards coinfection. Although aimed at reducing the abundance of host-seeking ticks, control methods directed at ticks attached to small mammals may influence human exposure to coinfected ticks and the probability of exposure to multiple tick-borne infections.

Introduction: This study aims to characterize radiographic features and fracture characteristics in femoral shaft fractures with associated femoral neck fractures, with the goal of establishing predictive indicators for the presence of ipsilateral femoral neck fractures (IFNFs)., Methods: A retrospective cohort was collected from the electronic medical record of three level I trauma centers over a 5-year period (2017 to 2022) by current procedural terminology (CPT) codes. Current CPT codes for combined femoral shaft and IFNFs were identified to generate our study group. CPT codes for isolated femur fractures were identified to generate a control group., Results: One hundred forty patients comprised our IFNF cohort, and 280 comprised the control cohort. On univariate, there were significant differences in mechanism of injury (P < 0.001), Orthopedic Trauma Association (OTA)/Arbeitsgemeinshaft fur Osteosynthesefragen (AO) classification (P = 0.002), and fracture location (P < 0.001) between cohorts. On multivariate, motor vehicle crashes were more commonly associated with IFNFs compared with other mechanism of injuries. OTA/AO 32A fractures were more commonly associated with IFNFs when compared with OTA/AO 32B fractures (adjusted odds ratio = 0.36, P < 0.001). Fractures through the isthmus were significantly more commonly associated with IFNFs than fractures more proximal (adjusted odds ratio = 2.52, P = 0.011)., Discussion: Detecting IFNFs in femoral shaft fractures is challenging. Motor vehicle crashes and motorcycle collisions, OTA/AO type 32A fractures, and isthmus fractures are predictive of IFNFs., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.)

Objective: People with neuropsychiatric symptoms often experience delay in accurate diagnosis. Although cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light (CSF NfL) shows promise in distinguishing neurodegenerative disorders (ND) from psychiatric disorders (PSY), its accuracy in a diagnostically challenging cohort longitudinally is unknown., Methods: We collected longitudinal diagnostic information (mean = 36 months) from patients assessed at a neuropsychiatry service, categorising diagnoses as ND/mild cognitive impairment/other neurological disorders (ND/MCI/other) and PSY. We pre-specified NfL > 582 pg/mL as indicative of ND/MCI/other., Results: Diagnostic category changed from initial to final diagnosis for 23% (49/212) of patients. NfL predicted the final diagnostic category for 92% (22/24) of these and predicted final diagnostic category overall (ND/MCI/other vs. PSY) in 88% (187/212), compared to 77% (163/212) with clinical assessment alone., Conclusions: CSF NfL improved diagnostic accuracy, with potential to have led to earlier, accurate diagnosis in a real-world setting using a pre-specified cut-off, adding weight to translation of NfL into clinical practice.

Objective: This study investigates the impact of primary care utilisation of a symptom-based head and neck cancer risk calculator (Head and Neck Cancer Risk Calculator version 2) in the post-coronavirus disease 2019 period on the number of primary care referrals and cancer diagnoses., Methods: The number of referrals from April 2019 to August 2019 and from April 2020 to July 2020 (pre-calculator) was compared with the number from the period January 2021 to August 2022 (post-calculator) using the chi-square test. The patients' characteristics, referral urgency, triage outcome, Head and Neck Cancer Risk Calculator version 2 score and cancer diagnosis were recorded., Results: In total, 1110 referrals from the pre-calculator period were compared with 1559 from the post-calculator period. Patient characteristics were comparable for both cohorts. More patients were referred on the cancer pathway in the post-calculator cohort (pre-calculator patients 51.1 per cent vs post-calculator 64.0 per cent). The cancer diagnosis rate increased from 2.7 per cent in the pre-calculator cohort to 3.3 per cent in the post-calculator cohort. A lower rate of cancer diagnosis in the non-cancer pathway occurred in the cohort managed using the Head and Neck Cancer Risk Calculator version 2 (10 per cent vs 23 per cent, p = 0.10)., Conclusion: Head and Neck Cancer Risk Calculator version 2 demonstrated high sensitivity in cancer diagnosis. Further studies are required to improve the predictive strength of the calculator.

Background: Levodopa remains the mainstay of treatment of Parkinson's disease, however, over time motor fluctuations and levodopa-induced dyskinesia develop, requiring add-on therapies to control emerging symptoms. To date, however, there is no clear consensus in Australia, or elsewhere, at which dose of levodopa that add-on therapies should be considered., Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the treatment patterns of patients with Parkinson's disease in Australia, with particular focus on levodopa doses at the time of first add-on., Methods: This was a retrospective, observational, non-interventional study of patients with Parkinson's disease within the Australian Department of Human Services Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) 10% sample. Data on all reimbursed prescriptions (both general and concession), prescriber type and item code were extracted for patients who were dispensed at least three PBS reimbursed prescriptions for levodopa in the previous 12 months prescription from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2021., Results: 154 850 unique patients were included, of whom 42 330 (27%) commenced add-on therapy during the period. In the 12 months prior to add-on therapy, levodopa doses ranged from 100 mg/day to 1000 mg/day. The majority of patients were prescribed add-on therapy by a neurologist and approximately 40% of patients were prescribed levodopa doses of 600 mg/day or more prior to the first add-on therapy being initiated., Conclusions: A large proportion of patients in Australia are managed with levodopa monotherapy doses that are considered high and many of these patients may benefit from the addition of add-on therapy to their regimen., Competing Interests: Competing interests: AE reports honoraria for presentations from Merck, Allergan, Ipsen, Teva, UCB, Abbott, AbbVie, STADA. Participation in scientific advisory board meetings with Allergan, AbbVie, Ipsen and STADA. He holds shares in GKC and CSL. BJW from Model Solutions reports providing consulting services to a wide range of pharmaceutical and health technology companies, including Seqirus in the preceding 12 months., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

The potential for more than one distinct hematolymphoid neoplasm to arise from a common mutated stem or precursor cell has been proposed based on findings in primary human malignancies. Particularly, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), which shares a somatic mutation profile in common with other hematopoietic malignancies, has been reported to occur alongside myeloid neoplasms or clonal B-cell proliferations, with identical mutations occurring in more than one cell lineage. Here we report such a case of an elderly woman who was diagnosed over a period of 8 years with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, polycythemia vera, and AITL, each harboring identical somatic mutations in multiple genes. Overall, at least five identical nucleotide mutations were shared across multiple specimens, with two identical mutations co-occurring at variable variant allele frequencies in all three specimen types. These findings lend credence to the theory that a common mutated stem cell could give rise to multiple neoplasms through parallel hematopoietic differentiation pathways., (© 2023 Nkosi et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.)