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Many regulatory genes that affect cellular development in Streptomyces, such as the canonical bld genes, have already been identified. However, in this study, we identified sven_5003 in Streptomyces venezuelae as a major new developmental regulatory gene, the deletion of which leads to a bald phenotype, typical of bld mutants, under multiple growth conditions. Our data indicated that disruption of sven_5003 also has a differential impact on the production of the two antibiotics jadomycin and chloramphenicol. Enhanced production of jadomycin but reduced production of chloramphenicol were detected in our sven_5003 mutant strain (S. venezuelae D5003). RNA-Seq analysis indicated that SVEN_5003 impacts expression of hundreds of genes, including genes involved in development, primary and secondary metabolism, and genes of unknown function, a finding confirmed by real-time PCR analysis. Transcriptional analysis indicated that sven_5003 is an auto-regulatory gene, repressing its own expression. Despite the evidence indicating that SVEN_5003 is a regulatory factor, a putative DNA-binding domain was not predicted from its primary amino acid sequence, implying an unknown regulatory mechanism by SVEN_5003. Our findings revealed that SVEN_5003 is a pleiotropic regulator with a critical role in morphological development in S. venezuelae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: It is recommended to use non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in elderly patients with heart failure combined with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). OBJECTIVE: To study the therapeutic effect of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation on elderly patients with heart failure complicated with OSAS. METHODS: Using the random number table method, 119 elderly patients with heart failure complicated with OSAS who were admitted to our hospital from April 2020 to April 2021 were divided into the observation (60 cases) and control (59 cases) groups. On the basis of conventional drug treatment, patients in the observation group were treated with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, and patients in the control group were treated with low-flow oxygen inhalation. The sleep quality, hemoglobin, red blood cells, erythropoietin, pro-brain natriureticpeptide (pro-BNP) levels and blood pressure were compared. RESULTS: After treatment, levels of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, erythropoietin, pro-BNP, blood pressure and sleep apnea-hypopnea index in the observation group were lower before treatment and in the control group in the same period. The oxygen saturation was higher before treatment and the control group in the same period (P < 0.05). The overall satisfaction with sleep quality in the observation group was higher (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation can improve blood oxygen saturation and sleep quality in elderly patients with heart failure complicated with OSAS, and reduce pro-BNP level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore and develop data mining models for adult age estimation based on CT reconstruction images from the sternum. Maximum intensity projection (MIP) images of chest CT were retrospectively collected from a modern Chinese population, and data from 2700 patients (1349 males and 1351 females) aged 20 to 70 years were obtained. A staging technique within four indicators was applied. Several data mining models were established, and mean absolute error (MAE) was the primary comparison parameter. The intraobserver and interobserver agreement levels were good. Within internal validation, the optimal data mining model obtained the lowest MAE of 9.08 in males and 10.41 in females. For the external validation (N = 200), MAEs were 7.09 in males and 7.15 in females. In conclusion, the accuracy of our model for adult age estimation was among similar studies. MIP images of the sternum could be a potential age indicator. However, it should be combined with other indicators since the accuracy level is still unsatisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lyman-alpha (Ly α) emission from galaxies is currently our most promising probe for constraining when and how reionization began, and thus when the first galaxies formed. At z > 7, the majority of galaxies detected with Ly α are in candidate overdensities. Here, we quantify the probability of these galaxies residing in large ionized bubbles. We create (1.6 Gpc)3 intergalactic medium (IGM) simulations: sufficient volume to robustly measure bubble size distributions around UV-bright galaxies and rare overdensities. We find |${M_{\small UV}}\lesssim -16$| galaxies and overdensities are ≳10–1000 × more likely to trace ionized bubbles compared to randomly selected positions. The brightest galaxies and strongest overdensities have bubble size distributions with highest characteristic size and least scatter. We compare two models: gradual reionization driven by numerous UV-faint galaxies versus rapid reionization by rarer brighter galaxies, producing larger bubbles at fixed neutral fraction. We demonstrate that recently observed z ∼ 7 overdensities are highly likely to trace large ionized bubbles, corroborated by their high Ly α detection rates. However, Ly α detections at z ≈ 8.7 in EGS and z  = 10.6 in GN-z11 are unlikely to trace large bubbles in our fiducial model – 11 and 7 per cent probability of >1 proper Mpc bubbles, respectively. Ly α detections at such high redshifts could be explained by: a less neutral IGM than previously expected; larger ionized regions at fixed neutral fraction; or if intrinsic Ly α flux is unusually strong in these galaxies. We discuss how to test these scenarios with JWST and prospects for upcoming wide-area surveys to distinguish between reionization models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disturbances in the circadian rhythm have been reported in patients following traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the rhythmic expression of circadian genes in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) following TBI has not yet been studied. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of period 1 (Per1), Per2, Per3, cryptochrome 1 (Cry1), Cry2, brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 1 (Bmal1), and circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock) was quantified in PBLs from sham-operated rats and rats with acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) over a 48-h period. The rectal temperature of the animals was measured every 4 h over 2 days. The mesor, rhythm, amplitude, and acrophase were estimated using cosinor analysis. Cosinor analysis revealed that Per2, Cry1, and Bmal1 mRNAs were rhythmically expressed in the PBLs of sham-operated rats. In contrast, fluctuations in rhythmic expression were not observed following ASDH. The rectal temperature of sham-operated rats also exhibited rhythmicity. ASDH rats had a disrupted rectal temperature rhythm, a diminished amplitude, and an acrophase shift. TBI with ASDH results in dysregulated expression of some circadian genes and changes in body temperature rhythm. Further research is required to understand the pathophysiology of altered circadian networks following TBI. Key messages: First to investigate the mRNA expression of circadian genes in PBLs of ASDH rats. ASDH rats had disrupted rhythmicity of Per2, Cry1, and Bmal1 mRNA expression. Cosinor analysis showed that ASDH rats had a disrupted rectal temperature rhythm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel BiOBr/Ni-MOF heterostructure was fabricated via a simple precipitation process. • BiOBr/Ni-MOF composite has rich porous structure and higher specific surface area. • BiOBr/Ni-MOF composite exhibited superior photodegradation of RhB. • The BiOBr/Ni-MOF composite has a type Z carrier transfer and migrate mechanism. A novel BiOBr/Ni-MOF composite was fabricated by in-situ growth of BiOBr nanosheets on Ni-MOF through a convenient precipitation process. The optimal photocatalytic performance was achieved with a Ni-MOF mass content of 45 wt% in the BiOBr/Ni-MOF composite. This composite exhibited remarkable efficiency, degrading 98.33 % of Rhodamine B in 90 min, surpassing the degradation rate constants of pristine BiOBr and Ni-MOF by 4.2 and 160 times, respectively. The superior performance was primarily ascribed to the efficient separation of photogenerated carriers facilitated by the formation of heterojunctions. Additionally, the increased specific surface area and pore structure provided numerous adsorption and active sites. Radical scavenger experiments and electron spin resonance experiments further revealed that O 2 − and h+ played crucial roles in the degradation process. Furthermore, the structural properties of the prepared photocatalysts and the effects of different photocatalytic conditions on the degradation of RhB were investigated. This work offers an alternative perspective on the design and fabrication of BiOBr-based composite photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

—Machine learning technologies have gained significant popularity in rechargeable battery research in recent years, and have been extensively adopted to construct data-driven solutions to tackle multiple challenges for energy storage in embedded computing systems. An important application in this area is the machine learning-based battery lifetime prediction, which formulates regression models to estimate the remaining lifetimes of batteries given the measurement data collected from the testing process. Due to the non-idealities in practical operations, these measurements are usually impacted by various types of interference, thereby involving noise on both input variables and regression labels. Therefore, existing works that focus solely on minimizing the regression error on the labels cannot adequately adapt to the practical scenarios with noisy variables. To address this issue, this study adopts total least squares (TLS) to construct a regression model that achieves superior regression accuracy by simultaneously optimizing the estimation of both variables and labels. Furthermore, due to the expensive cost for collecting battery cycling data, the number of labeled data samples used for predictive modeling is often limited. It, in turn, can easily lead to overfitting, especially for TLS, which has a relatively larger set of problem unknowns to solve. To tackle this difficulty, the TLS method is investigated conjoined with stepwise feature selection in this work. Our numerical experiments based on public datasets for commercial Lithium-Ion batteries demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively reduce the modeling error by up to 11.95 %, compared against the classic baselines with consideration of noisy measurements. • Studied battery lifetime prediction considering the noise on input variables induced by practical non-idealities. • Leveraged total-least-squares regression to simultaneously optimize the estimation of both variables and labels. • Developed stepwise feature selection method to tackle the overfitting issue induced by the shortage of data. • Conducted numerical experiments based on public datasets to demonstrate the improvement of prediction accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• miR-155–5p over expression is found in aging-related hepatic steatosis. • miR-155–5p suppresses PICALM expression which participates in autophagy initiation. • miR-155–5p promotes hepatic steatosis via PICALM-mediated autophagy in aged hepatocytes. • Targeting hepatic autophagy is a promising strategy to alleviate aging-related hepatic steatosis. Hepatic steatosis, a lipid disorder characterized by the accumulation of intrahepatic fat, is more prevalent in the elderly population. This study investigates the role of miR-155–5p in the autophagy dysregulation of aging hepatic steatosis. We established an aging mouse model in vivo and a hepatocellular senescence model induced by low serum and palmitic acid in vitro. The fluctuations of microRNAs were derived from RNA-seq data and confirmed by qPCR in 4- and 18-month-old mouse liver tissues. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining observed pathological changes. Markers of senescence, autophagy, and lipolysis genes were analyzed using Western blot and qPCR. Bioinformatics analysis predicted miR-155–5p's target gene PICALM, confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay and transfection of miR-155–5p mimic/inhibitor into senescent hepatocytes. Senescent markers (p21, p16, and p-P53) and miR-155–5p were up-regulated in aging liver tissues and senescent hepatocytes. Bioinformatics analysis identified PICALM as a target gene of miR-155–5p, a finding further supported by dual luciferase reporter assays. Inhibition of miR-155–5p reduced expression of senescent marker genes (p16, p21, p-P53), improved autophagy (evidenced by increased LC3B-II and ATG5, and decreased P62), and enhanced lipolysis (indicated by increased ATGL and p-HSL) in senescent hepatocytes. Oil red O staining confirmed that miR-155–5p inhibition significantly reduced lipid accumulation in these cells. This study suggests a potential new therapeutic approach for age-related hepatic steatosis through the inhibition of miR-155–5p to enhance autophagy. A working model of miR-155–5p/PICALM for inhibiting autophagy and lipid accumulation in senescent hepatocytes. (By Fig draw) [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Seven new IDTs were isolated from the marine-derived fungus. • Compounds 1 and 2 are two novel IDTs featuring different skeletons. • Compound 1 acted as a noncompetitive inhibitor against PTP1B. • Compounds 4 , 8 , and 22 showed potent anti-inflammatory effects. Seven new indole-diterpenoids, penpaxilloids A–E (1 – 5), 7-methoxypaxilline-13-ene (6), and 10-hydroxy-paspaline (7), along with 20 known ones (8 – 27), were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp. ZYX-Z-143. Among them, compound 1 was a spiro indole-diterpenoid bearing a 2,3,3a,5-tetrahydro-1 H -benzo[ d ]pyrrolo[2,1– b ][1,3]oxazin-1-one motif. Compound 2 was characterized by a unique heptacyclic system featuring a rare 3,6,8-trioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane unit. The structures of the new compounds were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses, NMR calculations coupled with the DP4 + analysis, and ECD calculations. The plausible biogenetic pathway of two unprecedented indole diterpenoids, penpaxilloids A and B (1 and 2), was postulated. Compound 1 acted as a noncompetitive inhibitor against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) with IC 50 value of 8.60 ± 0.53 μM. Compound 17 showed significant α -glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC 50 value of 19.96 ± 0.32 μM. Moreover, compounds 4 , 8 , and 22 potently suppressed nitric oxide production on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We examined the associations of soy product intake with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality and mediations through CVD risk factors based on the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study (GBCS), and conducted updated meta-analyses.A total of 29,825 participants aged 50 + years were included. Causes of death were identified through record linkage. Soy product intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze the associations between soy product intake and mortality, yielding hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Mediation analyses with CVD risk factors as mediators, and updated meta-analyses were conducted.During 454,689 person-years of follow-up, 6899 deaths occurred, including 2694 CVD and 2236 cancer. Participants who consumed soy product of 1–6 portions/week, versus no consumption, had significantly lower risks of all-cause and CVD mortality (adjusted HR (95% CI) 0.91 (0.86, 0.97) and 0.87 (0.79, 0.96), respectively). In participants who consumed soy product of ≥ 7 portions/week, the association of higher intake with lower CVD mortality was modestly mediated by total cholesterol (4.2%, 95% CI 1.0–16.6%). Updated meta-analyses showed that the highest level of soy product intake, versus the lowest, was associated with lower risks of all-cause and CVD mortality (pooled HR (95% CI) 0.92 (0.88, 0.96) and 0.92 (0.87, 0.98), respectively).Moderate and high soy product intake were associated with lower risks of all-cause and CVD mortality. Our findings provide support for current dietary guidelines recommending moderate soy product intake, and contribute additional evidence regarding the potential protective effects of high soy product intake.Methods: We examined the associations of soy product intake with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality and mediations through CVD risk factors based on the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study (GBCS), and conducted updated meta-analyses.A total of 29,825 participants aged 50 + years were included. Causes of death were identified through record linkage. Soy product intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze the associations between soy product intake and mortality, yielding hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Mediation analyses with CVD risk factors as mediators, and updated meta-analyses were conducted.During 454,689 person-years of follow-up, 6899 deaths occurred, including 2694 CVD and 2236 cancer. Participants who consumed soy product of 1–6 portions/week, versus no consumption, had significantly lower risks of all-cause and CVD mortality (adjusted HR (95% CI) 0.91 (0.86, 0.97) and 0.87 (0.79, 0.96), respectively). In participants who consumed soy product of ≥ 7 portions/week, the association of higher intake with lower CVD mortality was modestly mediated by total cholesterol (4.2%, 95% CI 1.0–16.6%). Updated meta-analyses showed that the highest level of soy product intake, versus the lowest, was associated with lower risks of all-cause and CVD mortality (pooled HR (95% CI) 0.92 (0.88, 0.96) and 0.92 (0.87, 0.98), respectively).Moderate and high soy product intake were associated with lower risks of all-cause and CVD mortality. Our findings provide support for current dietary guidelines recommending moderate soy product intake, and contribute additional evidence regarding the potential protective effects of high soy product intake.Results: We examined the associations of soy product intake with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality and mediations through CVD risk factors based on the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study (GBCS), and conducted updated meta-analyses.A total of 29,825 participants aged 50 + years were included. Causes of death were identified through record linkage. Soy product intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze the associations between soy product intake and mortality, yielding hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Mediation analyses with CVD risk factors as mediators, and updated meta-analyses were conducted.During 454,689 person-years of follow-up, 6899 deaths occurred, including 2694 CVD and 2236 cancer. Participants who consumed soy product of 1–6 portions/week, versus no consumption, had significantly lower risks of all-cause and CVD mortality (adjusted HR (95% CI) 0.91 (0.86, 0.97) and 0.87 (0.79, 0.96), respectively). In participants who consumed soy product of ≥ 7 portions/week, the association of higher intake with lower CVD mortality was modestly mediated by total cholesterol (4.2%, 95% CI 1.0–16.6%). Updated meta-analyses showed that the highest level of soy product intake, versus the lowest, was associated with lower risks of all-cause and CVD mortality (pooled HR (95% CI) 0.92 (0.88, 0.96) and 0.92 (0.87, 0.98), respectively).Moderate and high soy product intake were associated with lower risks of all-cause and CVD mortality. Our findings provide support for current dietary guidelines recommending moderate soy product intake, and contribute additional evidence regarding the potential protective effects of high soy product intake.Conclusion: We examined the associations of soy product intake with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality and mediations through CVD risk factors based on the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study (GBCS), and conducted updated meta-analyses.A total of 29,825 participants aged 50 + years were included. Causes of death were identified through record linkage. Soy product intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze the associations between soy product intake and mortality, yielding hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Mediation analyses with CVD risk factors as mediators, and updated meta-analyses were conducted.During 454,689 person-years of follow-up, 6899 deaths occurred, including 2694 CVD and 2236 cancer. Participants who consumed soy product of 1–6 portions/week, versus no consumption, had significantly lower risks of all-cause and CVD mortality (adjusted HR (95% CI) 0.91 (0.86, 0.97) and 0.87 (0.79, 0.96), respectively). In participants who consumed soy product of ≥ 7 portions/week, the association of higher intake with lower CVD mortality was modestly mediated by total cholesterol (4.2%, 95% CI 1.0–16.6%). Updated meta-analyses showed that the highest level of soy product intake, versus the lowest, was associated with lower risks of all-cause and CVD mortality (pooled HR (95% CI) 0.92 (0.88, 0.96) and 0.92 (0.87, 0.98), respectively).Moderate and high soy product intake were associated with lower risks of all-cause and CVD mortality. Our findings provide support for current dietary guidelines recommending moderate soy product intake, and contribute additional evidence regarding the potential protective effects of high soy product intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Segmental Le Fort I osteotomy through the cleft is a common strategy to narrow the alveolar cleft in adults. This study compared skeletal stability between single and segmental Le Fort I osteotomies in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Materials and methods: This retrospective analysis examined 45 adults with complete UCLP-associated class III deformities who underwent bimaxillary surgery with either single (n = 30) or segmental (n = 15) Le Fort I advancement. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of the facial skeleton were acquired before surgery, 1-week postsurgery, and at follow-up. Measures of landmarks from the CBCT images for the two treatment groups were compared for translation (left/right, posterior/anterior, superior/inferior) and rotation (yaw, roll, pitch). Results: Postsurgery, the downward movement of the maxilla was larger in the segmental group than the single group. At follow-up, the maxilla moved backward in both groups, and upward in the segmental group. The mandible moved forward and upward and rotated upward in both groups. The amount of upward movement and rotation was larger in the segmental group than the single group. Conclusions: Two years after bimaxillary surgery in patients with UCLP-associated class III deformity, greater relapse was found after segmental Le Fort I osteotomies in vertical translation of the maxilla and mandible, and pitch rotation of the mandible compared with single Le Fort I osteotomies. Clinical relevance: The vertical relapse of the maxilla was larger after segmental Le Fort I advancement compared with single Le Fort I advancement in clefts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone age assessment (BAA) is crucial in various fields, including legal proceedings, athletic competitions, and clinical medicine. However, the use of X-ray methods for age estimation without medical indication is subject to ethical debate, especially in forensic and athletic fields. The application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with non-ionizing radiation can overcome this limitation in BAA. This study aimed to compare the application value of several MRI modalities of proximal humeral in BAA. A total of 468 patients with shoulder MRIs were retrospectively collected from a Chinese Han population aged 12–30 years (259 males and 209 females) for training and testing, including T1 weighted MRI (T1WI), T2 weighted MRI (T2WI), and Proton density weighted MRI (PDWI). Optimal regression models were established for age estimation, yielding mean absolute error (MAE) values below 2.0 years. The MAE values of T1WI were the lowest, with 1.700 years in males and 1.798 years in females. The area under the curve (AUC) and accuracy values of different MRI modalities of 16-year and 18-year thresholds were all around 0.9. For the 18-year threshold, T1WI outperformed T2WI and PDWI. In conclusion, the three MRI modalities of the proximal humerus can serve as reliable indicators for age assessment, while the T1WI performed better in age assessment and classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reg3A is upregulated in various cancers and considered a potential target for antitumor treatments. However, the effect of Reg3A in metastasis has been elusive. This study aims to disclose the role of Reg3A overexpression in hepatic metastasis of LoVo colon cancer cells. A stable cell line of LoVo cells overexpressing Reg3A (LoVo-luc-Reg3A), labeled with luc reporter gene, was constructed. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were determined using MTT, EdU, Hoechst's staining, flow cytometry, and transwell assays, respectively. Hepatic metastasis of LoVo-luc-Reg3A cells was investigated in BALB/c nude mice. Living bioluminescence imaging, histological examination, and mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq) were performed to assess the metastatic efficiency and gene expression alteration. Reg3A content was determined by Western blotting and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Cell attachment capacity was determined in the Matrigel culture. Reg3A overexpression did not promote LoVo cell proliferation or apoptosis, but facilitated cell migration and invasion. In the hepatic metastasis model, Reg3A overexpression increased the number of metastatic colonies. The result of mRNA-seq suggested 349 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by Reg3A upregulation, many of which were related to colon adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis compared to normal colon tissue. Gene ontology enrichment assay indicated that the DEGs are mainly associated with cell adhesion, leukocyte regulation, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, integrin binding, and STAT protein binding. Reg3A overexpression led to an enrichment of Reg3A protein in local tumor tissue of liver metastasis and ECM/intracellular space in ex vivo cultured cells. However, Reg3A concentration in serum and culture medium was relatively low. Reg3A overexpression also resulted in an increased number of cells that attach to Matrigel, which was attenuated by treatments of siRNA-Reg3A and single-chain variable fragment against Reg3A. Endogenous Reg3A overexpression facilitates hepatic metastasis of LoVo colon cancer cells. The prometastatic effect could be contributed by Reg3A enrichment in ECM, which alters the cell adhesion behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controllable and long‐term release remains a great challenge in current drug delivery systems. Benefiting from their efficient drug loading and painless administration, microneedles (MNs) have emerged as a promising platform for transdermal drug delivery, while they often fail to achieve long‐term tissue adhesion and controllable extended drug release. Here, 3D printing of an innovative MN patch is presented with succulent‐inspired responsive microstructures and light‐controllable long‐term release capability. The MN exhibits a reversible shrink‐swell volume change behavior in response to surrounding humidity, which enables sufficient mechanical strength for skin penetration under the shrinkage conditions and efficient long‐term adhesion when swollen in skin tissues. Moreover, the MN patch introduces a controllable long‐term drug release system, achieved through the integration of thiolated heparin (Hep‐SH) for sustained growth factor release and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets for controlled drug release via near infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. The MN patches with growth factor loading have good biocompatibility and can promote the proliferation, migration, and proangiogenesis of endothelial cells is further demonstrated. Thus, it is believed that such flexible MN patches can be promising candidates for controllable long‐term transdermal drug delivery as well as other related tissue engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Initial alterations in ECV indicate the efficacy of first-line chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab in the treatment of CRLM. • High CRD_score status can be used as a risk factor for the classification of CRLM with survival outcomes. • The TR model has good prediction performance in both the training and test set. To assess the prognostic value of pre- and post-therapeutic changes in extracellular volume (ECV) fraction of liver metastases (LMs) for treatment response (TR) and survival outcomes in colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM). 186 LMs were confirmed by pathology or follow-up (Training: 130; Test: 56). We analyzed the changes in ECV fraction of LMs before and after 2 cycles of chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab. After 12 cycles, we evaluated the TR on LMs based on the RECIST v1.1. Relative changes in ECV fraction and Hounsfield Units (HU), defined as ΔECV and ΔHU, were associated with progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and TR. We identified TR predictors with multivariate logistic regression and PFS, OS risk factors with COX analysis. 186 LMs were classified as TR lesions (TR+: 84) and non-TR lesions (TR-:102). ΔECV, ΔHU A-E , and texture could distinguish the TR of LMs in training and test set (P < 0.05). ΔECV [Odds ratio (OR): 1.03; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.02–1.05, P < 0.01] was an independent predictor of TR-. Area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of TR model in training and test set were 0.87, 0.84, 90.14%, 90.32%, 72.88%, 64.00%, respectively. High CRD_score indicates that patients have shorter PFS [Hazard ratio (HR): 2.01; 95%CI: 1.02–3.98, P = 0.045)] and OS (HR: 1.89, 95%CI: 1.04–3.42, P = 0.038). ΔECV can be used as an independent predictor of TR of CRLM chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High hospital occupancy degrades emergency department performance by increasing wait times, decreasing patient satisfaction, and increasing patient morbidity and mortality. Late discharges contribute to high hospital occupancy by increasing emergency department (ED) patient length of stay (LOS). We share our experience with increasing and sustaining early discharges at a 650-bed academic medical center in the United States. Our process improvement project followed the Institute of Medicine Model for Improvement of successive Plan‒Do‒Study‒Act cycles. We implemented multiple iterative interventions over 41 months. As a result, the proportion of discharge orders before 10 am increased from 8.7% at baseline to 22.2% (p < 0.001), and the proportion of discharges by noon (DBN) increased from 9.5% to 26.8% (p < 0.001). There was no increase in balancing metrics because of our interventions. RA-LOS (Risk Adjusted Length Of Stay) decreased from 1.16 to 1.09 (p = 0.01), RA-Mortality decreased from 0.65 to 0.61 (p = 0.62) and RA-Readmissions decreased from 0.92 to 0.74 (p < 0.001). Our study provides a roadmap to large academic facilities to increase and sustain the proportion of patients discharged by noon without negatively impacting LOS, 30-day readmissions, and mortality. Continuous performance evaluation, adaptability to changing resources, multidisciplinary engagement, and institutional buy-in were crucial drivers of our success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to explore the correlation between routine computed tomography (CT) imaging features and programmed cell death ligand-1(PD-L1) expression status in gastric cancer and evaluate the predictive value of imaging parameters for this immunotherapy biomarker. Materials and Methods: Patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent abdominal CT three-stage enhanced scan and PD-L1 immunohistochemical testing before treatment were retrospectively examined. All diagnoses were confirmed through pathology. According to the expression status of PD-L1, they were divided into the positive (CPS ≥ 5) or negative group (CPS < 5). Baseline CT imaging features were collected. Diagnostic performances of the different variables were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: In total, 67 patients (17 women and 50 men; mean age: 59.55 ± 10.22 years) with gastric adenocarcinoma were included in the study. The overall stages, probability of maximum lymph node short diameter > 1 cm and peak of lesion enhancement occurring in the arterial phase were statistically significant between the two groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the arterial enhancement fraction (AEF) was significantly higher in the positive group than that in the negative group (p < 0.05), and ROC curve analysis showed that the AEF exhibited a high evaluation efficacy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.724 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.602–0.826]). The combined parameters had the best diagnostic efficacy (AUC = 0.825 [95%CI: 0.716–0.933]), sensitivity (75.00%), and specificity (81.40%). Conclusions: These findings confirm a correlation between CT imaging features and PD-L1 expression status in gastric cancer, and AEF may help evaluate high PD-L1 expression and select patients suitable for immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing number of studies have reported mental health problems in men with prostate cancer. Relationships of median household income and ethnicity to suicide in prostate cancer are poorly characterized. A retrospective study from database data answered this question. Median household income and ethnicity are important factors strongly related to suicide risk in prostate cancer patients, and the lower median household income individuals and non-Spanish-Hispanic-Latino individuals were associated with higher suicide risk. Purpose: To determine whether socioeconomic disparities have an impact on the likelihood of suicide among prostate cancer patients. Methods: Data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for patients diagnosed with malignant prostate cancer between 2005 and 2020. The socioeconomic disparities of the patients were evaluated by median household income (MHI) and ethnicit y. Ethnicit y included Spanish-Hispanic-Latino and non-Spanish-Hispanic-Latino. A Cox proportional risk model was utilized. Using the Kaplan-Meier approach, the cumulative incidence of suicide mortality was measured. Results: A total of 857,418 US population with prostate cancer were included. In the multivariate analysis, individuals with MHI over $75,000 had a lower risk of suicide mortality than those with MHI between $54,999 and $74,999 in all patients (aHRs: 0.693, 95 CI%: 0.603-0.797). Spanish-Hispanic-Latino displayed lower overall suicide mortality in all patients (aHRs: 0.426, 95% CI: 0.323-0.561). In the subgroup analysis of different ages, individuals with MHI over $75,000 had a lower risk of suicide than those with MHI between $54,999 and $74,999 in patients 60 to 79 years (aHRs: 0.668, 95% CI: 0.562-0.794) and individuals with MHI below $54,999 had higher suicide risk than those with MHI between $54,999 and $74,999 in patients 80 + years (aHRs: 1.786, 95% CI: 1.100-2.902). Hispanic-Latino individuals had lower overall suicide mortality in 00 to 59 years (aHRs: 0.420, 95% CI: 0.240-0.734), 60 to 79 years (aHRs: 0.445, 95% CI: 0.319-0.621), 80 + years (aHRs: 0.363, 95% CI: 0.133-0.988). Conclusion: Socioeconomic disparities, including MHI and ethnicity, are important factors strongly related to suicide risk in prostate cancer patients. The lower MHI individuals and non-Spanish-Hispanic-Latino individuals were associated with higher suicide risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] As an emerging class of layered transition metal carbides/nitrides/carbon-nitrides, MXenes have been one of the most investigated anode subcategories for sodium ion batteries (SIBs), due to their unique layered structure, metal-like conductivity, large specific surface area and tunable surface groups. In particular, different MAX precursors and synthetic routes will lead to MXenes with different structural and electrochemical properties, which actually gives MXenes unlimited scope for development. In this feature article, we systematically present the recent advances in the methods and synthetic routes of MXenes, together with their impact on the properties of MXenes and also the advantages and disadvantages. Subsequently, the sodium storage mechanisms of MXenes are summarized, as well as the recent research progress and strategies to improve the sodium storage performance. Finally, the main challenges currently facing MXenes and the opportunities in improving the performance of SIBs are pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Currently, the development of economical and effective non-noble metal electrocatalysts is vital for advancing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and enabling its widespread applications. The customizable pore structure and enormous surface area of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have made them to become promising non-noble metal electrocatalysts for HER. However, MOFs have some challenges, including low conductivity and instability, which can result in them having high overpotentials and slow reaction kinetics in electrocatalytic processes. In this work, we present an innovative approach for synthesizing cost-effective and high-efficient Zr-MOF-derived pH-universal electrocatalysts for HER. It entails creating the interfaces of the electrocatalysts with suitable proportions of phosphide nanostructures. Zr-MOF/Ni 2 P@nickel foam (NF) electrodes with interface regulated by Ni 2 P nanostructures were successfully developed for high-efficient pH-universal HER electrocatalysts. The presence of Ni 2 P nanostructures with abundant active sites at the Zr-MOFs@NF interfaces boosted the electronic conductivity and local charge density of the hybrid electrocatalysts. This helped to improve their reaction kinetics and electrocatalytic activity. By optimizing the Ni 2 P amount, Zr-MOF/Ni 2 P@NF demonstrated impressive stability and superior HER activities, with a low overpotential of 149 mV (acidic electrolytes) and 143 mV (alkaline electrolytes) at 10 mA cm−2. The proven strategy in this work can be expanded to many types of MOF-based materials for wider practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three‐spot seahorse (Hippocampus trimaculatus) has been consumed as traditional Chinese medicine in Asian society. This study was designed to analyze the bioactive compounds of the solvent extracts from cultured three‐spot seahorse by high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI/MS/MS). Subsequently, their biological activities were evaluated and confirmed by cell modes and Western blot analysis. Experimental results indicated that taurine and arginine were the primary bioactive compounds identified and quantified without pre‐ or post‐column derivatization within 20 min retention time. The analytical method was established and validated with intraday/interday RSD from 0.25% to 3.34% and with recovery from 87.8% to 91.2%. As compared to other extracts, water layer extract (WLE) contained the most taurine and arginine contents of 6.807 and 0.437 mg/g (dry basis), respectively. In the meanwhile, WLE also showed anti‐inflammatory activity on LPS‐induced NO production and inhibited the protein expression of TNF‐α and COX‐2 by Western blot analysis with better cell viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of maintenance chemotherapy in platinum-sensitive recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer after second-line chemotherapy. (2) Methods: A total of 72 patients from a single institute who had been diagnosed with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer and had experienced either complete or partial response after six cycles of second-line chemotherapy were divided into a standard group (n = 31) with six cycles or a maintenance group (n = 41) with more than six cycles. We then compared patient characteristics and survival outcomes between these two groups. (3) Results: In all patients, after primary management for the first recurrence, the maintenance group showed worse survival outcomes. Patients who had not undergone either surgery or radiotherapy were divided into complete response and partial response groups after six cycles of chemotherapy. In patients with partial response, maintenance chemotherapy led to a significant improvement in PFS (median, 3.6 vs. 6.7 months, p = 0.007), but no significant change in in OS. The median cycle number of maintenance chemotherapy was four. (4) Conclusions: Maintenance chemotherapy may still play an important role in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer, particularly in selected patient groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a condition associated with high mortality and morbidity. Survivors may require prolonged intubation with mechanical ventilation (MV). The aim of this study was to analyze the predictors of extubation failure and prolonged MV in patients who undergo surgical evacuation. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on adult patients with ICH who underwent MV for at least 48 h and survived > 14 days after surgery. The demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, and Glasgow Coma Scale score were analyzed. Results: A total of 134 patients with ICH were included in the study. The average age of the patients was 60.34 ± 15.59 years, and 79.9% (n = 107) were extubated after satisfying the weaning parameters. Extubation failure occurred in 11.2% (n = 12) and prolonged MV in 48.5% (n = 65) patients. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that a white blood cell count > 10,000/mm3 at the time of extubation was an independent predictor of reintubation. Meanwhile, age and initial Glasgow Coma Scale scores were predictors of prolonged MV. Conclusions: This study provided the first comprehensive characterization and analysis of the predictors of extubation failure and prolonged MV in patients with ICH after surgery. Knowledge of potential predictors is essential to improve the strategies for early initiation of adequate treatment and prognosis assessment in the early stages of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A comprehensive review to highlight the application of 3D faradic materials in CDI field is presented. • The desalination performances of non-3D faradic electrodes and 3D faradic electrodes are systematically compared. • The perspective of 3D faradic materials is discussed to provide guidelines for future CDI development. To address the water scarcity issue, capacitive deionization (CDI) as a burgeoning desalination technology for removing different ions from sea and wastewater have been intensively explored. However, the low salt adsorption capacity and poor cycling stability of widely used carbon materials are difficult to fulfill the demand of practical CDI application, while the non-three-dimensional (non-3D) faradic electrode materials manifest the drawbacks of low specific capacitance and dissolution loss of metal ions, which severely limit their CDI application. Notably, three-dimensional (3D) faradic materials usually possess higher desalination capacity and better cycling stability than carbon materials and non-3D faradic materials, due to their wide ion diffusion channels and versatile structure, which are highly promising for achieving practical CDI application. However, few review papers have specifically focused on the limitations and advantages of 3D faradic materials in CDI field. In this review, a comprehensive insight into 3D faradic materials in terms of the solutions of limitations and corresponding desalination performance (via comparing with the desalination performance of non-3D faradic materials) is provided and the development prospect of 3D faradic materials is also expounded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease caused by the loss of immune tolerance to platelet autoantigens, resulting in reduced platelet production and increased platelet destruction. Impaired megakaryocyte differentiation and maturation is a key factor in the pathogenesis and treatment of ITP. Sarcandra glabra , a plant of the Chloranthaceae family, is commonly used in clinical practice to treat ITP, and daucosterol (Dau) is one of its active ingredients. However, whether Dau can treat ITP and the key mechanism of its effect are still unclear. In this study, we found that Dau could effectively promote the differentiation and maturation of megakaryocytes and the formation of polyploidy in the megakaryocyte differentiation disorder model constructed by co-culturing Dami and HS-5 cells. In vivo experiments showed that Dau could not only increase the number of polyploidized megakaryocytes in the ITP rat model, but also promote the recovery of platelet count. In addition, through network pharmacology analysis, we speculated that the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway might be involved in the process of Dau promoting megakaryocyte differentiation. Western blot results showed that Dau inhibited the expression of P-JAK2 and P-STAT3. In summary, these results provide a basis for further studying the pharmacological mechanism of Dau in treating ITP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical water splitting process is always restrained for its sluggish kinetics and high reaction energy barrier. Therefore, developing outstanding bifunctional catalysts to enhance the reaction kinetics and electron transfer efficiency of water splitting is crucial. In this work, we reported a bifunctional nanohybrid electrocatalyst consisting of Fe-doped CoS 2 nanocage-decorated reduced graphene oxide (FCSRGO) with superior water splitting activity. The Fe doping adjusts the density of state (DOS) to increase the conductivity and decreases the adsorption free energy of intermediates, contributing to optimized catalytic activity. Furthermore, the incorporation of RGO reduces the agglomeration of CoS 2 and improves the conductivity, thereby amplifying the charge/species transfer efficiency. By optimizing the amount of RGO, FCSRGO shows exceptional electrocatalytic performance, achieving a benchmark current density of 10 mA·cm−2 at remarkably low overpotentials (ƞ 10) of 107 mV and 239 mV in 1 M KOH solution for HER and OER, respectively. Moreover, the nanohybrid exhibits remarkable stability with the current density retention of 89.8% for HER and 85.8% for OER after 36000 s test. This work highlights the creating of high-performance electrocatalysts for efficient and sustainable hydrogen and oxygen evolution through heteroatom doping and carbon incorporation. [Display omitted] • A bifunctional electrocatalyst consisting of Fe-doped CoS 2 nanocage-decorated reduced graphene oxide is constructed. • The nanohybrid displays large surface area, improved conductivity and decreased adsorption free energy of intermediates. • The nanohybrid exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performances for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Underlying principles governing activity control in cobalt-based electrocatalysts are summarized. • Efficient design of cobalt-based electrocatalysts control strategies is highlighted. • Challenges and prospects of cobalt-based catalysts are addressed. Currently, electrochemical water splitting is recognized as the most efficient key technology for producing hydrogen. However, it faces the challenges such as sluggish reaction kinetics, low energy conversion efficiency and poor cycling stability, limiting its practical applications. Therefore, developing efficient and inexpensive electrocatalysts is urgently needed. Cobalt-based electrocatalysts own outstanding electronic orbital structure and low-cost metallic element so that it stimulates the intense interest of researchers and has been extensively developed as electrocatalysts. However, cobalt-based electrocatalysts expose several drawbacks such as low conductivity, limited intrinsic catalytic activity, and less active site. Intensive efforts have been made to optimize the electrocatalytic activity of cobalt-based electrocatalysts, such as doping, vacancy optimization, interface modulation, structural engineering, multi-active site design, promotion of active phases, nanohybridization, and self-supporting architectures, etc. In this work, we summarize these efforts and discuss the influence of electron structure regulation, active site quantity, and carrier/material transfer efficiency on the catalytic performance of cobalt-based materials. And also, the challenges and prospects of cobalt-based catalysts are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An in-situ growth technique is used to construct Sn-based MOFs on MXene (MXene@Sn-MOF) • The introduction of MXene reduces the electron transfer impedance at various states of charge. • MXene@Sn-MOF exhibits remarkable capacity, exceptional rate performance and cycling stability. Due to the poor electron transfer characteristics of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), they always exhibit subpar kinetic performance in Li-ion storage. To address this issue, herein we innovatively devised an in-situ growth technique to enable the construction of Sn-based MOFs on MXene (MXene@Sn-MOF), thereby enhancing its electron transfer capabilities. According to this optimization, the resulting MXene@Sn-MOF composite exhibits excellent Li-ion storage performance, with a remarkable reversible storage capacity of 1009 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g after 100 cycles. It is worth noting that even at a high current density of 2 A/g, the MXene@Sn-MOF composite still maintains a reversible specific capacity of 540 mAh/g after 500 cycles, demonstrating exceptional rate performance and cycling stability. Continuous electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique measurements reveal a significant reduction in electron transfer impedance at various states of charge with the introduction of MXene, accompanied by enhanced ion diffusion capabilities, further confirming the beneficial role of MXene in augmenting the Li-ion storage capacity of Sn-based MOFs. We believe that our work provides a promising avenue for the design of anodes with enhanced fast electron transfer ability for Li-ion storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, potent odorants in thua nao made from black (BSB) and yellow (YSB) soybean were characterized using solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC MS). The volatile compound content was quite similar between the BSB and YSB samples. In addition, aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) coupled with gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC–O) and odor activity value (OAV) techniques were used to tentatively identify potent aroma compounds with flavor dilution (FD) factors ≥ 27 and OAVs ≥ 1. Based on aroma attributes, thirty aroma-active compounds were classified into nine groups, with four of these omitted odorant groups (sour/fermented, smoky/woody, nutty, and fatty/oily) showing a significant contribution to the overall aroma of thua nao products, as confirmed by aroma recombination and omission experiments. This research provided valuable information for understanding the composition of key aroma compounds in thua nao products. • AEDA technique was used for the first time in flavor analysis of thua nao. • Soybean cultivars did not affect aroma compound formation in thua nao. • Maltol and vanillin were first reported as aroma compounds in thua nao. • Aroma wheel of aroma-active compounds in thua nao was proposed. • Acidic/fermented aroma compounds were the most important in thua nao. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flavor profile of tea is influenced not only by different tea varieties but also by the surrounding soil environment. Recent studies have indicated the regulatory role of soil microbes residing in plant roots in nutrient uptake and metabolism. However, the impact of this regulatory mechanism on tea quality remains unclear. In this study, we showed that a consortium of microbes isolated from tea roots enhanced ammonia uptake and facilitated the synthesis of theanine, a key determinant of tea taste. Variations were observed in the composition of microbial populations colonizing tea roots and the rhizosphere across different seasons and tea varieties. By comparing the root microorganisms of the high-theanine tea variety Rougui with the low-theanine variety Maoxie, we identified a specific group of microbes that potentially modulate nitrogen metabolism, subsequently influencing the theanine levels in tea. Furthermore, we constructed a synthetic microbial community (SynCom) mirroring the microbe population composition found in Rougui roots. Remarkably, applying SynCom resulted in a significant increase in the theanine content of tea plants and imparted greater tolerance to nitrogen deficiency in Arabidopsis. Our study provides compelling evidence supporting the use of root microorganisms as functional microbial fertilizers to enhance tea quality. [Display omitted] • Tea-plant root microbial populations vary across seasons and tea varieties • Nitrogen-metabolizing taxa are abundant in the roots of Rougui with high theanine • A synthetic community from Rougui roots, SynCom, was reconstituted • SynCom promotes NH 4 + homeostasis and theanine synthesis Xin et al. show that a synthetic microbial community mirroring the native microbial population found in Rougui tea-plant roots enhanced ammonia uptake and facilitated the synthesis of theanine, a key determinant of tea taste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land-based Round Pond is an emerging and efficient aquaculture technique widely adopted in Southwest China. To study the effects of stocking density and feeding frequency on growth, oxidative stress, physiological characteristics, and intestinal flora of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in Land-Based Round Pond, 3 × 2 two-factor treatment groups were set with three stocking densities (30, 40, and 50 fish/m3) and two feeding frequencies (2 and 3 times/day). Largemouth bass (initial weight of 155.62 ± 2.43 g) were stocked for 60 days. The yield of 30 fish/m3 groups were close to 40 fish/m3 groups, but the 30 fish/m3 groups demonstrated significantly higher growth rate, condition factor and lipid content compared to other density groups with a lower feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). The feeding frequency of 3 times per day resulted in higher growth rate than 2 times per day with a higher feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). Physiological and biochemical analyses showed that levels of TC, TG, lysozyme, ALP, T-SOD, CAT, AOC, lipase, and trypsin were significantly higher in the 30 fish/m3 groups than those of other density groups, while MDA content were highest in the 50 fish/m3 groups than other groups (p < 0.05). The T-SOD and CAT activity were significantly higher in the 3 times per day groups than those in the 2 times per day groups (p < 0.05), and no significant effect of feeding frequency on the immunity was observed. No pathological changes were found in muscle and intestinal histology, but infiltration of hemocytes was found in liver in the 50 fish/m3 groups. In intestinal microbial analysis, the 40 and 50 fish/m3 density groups had a higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria, suggesting a higher probability of disease occurrence and an unstable intestinal microflora. These results demonstrate that the optimal stocking density for largemouth bass in Land-Based Round Ponds is 30 fish/m3 (155 g/fish) at a size stage ranging from 155.62 g to 353.83 g, with the optimal feeding frequency of 3 times per day. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of Land-Based Round Ponds. • 30 tails/m3 groups have higher growth rates, condition factor, and profit per group. • 3 times/day groups have higher growth rates and feed conversion ratio. • 30 tails/m3 groups have better immune and digestive capacity than other groups. • As density increased, Proteobacteria proliferated and intestinal flora was unstable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ternary NiCoFe-PBA/CNT was designed through composition/structural engineering. • Ternary NiCoFe-PBA/CNT shows extraordinary redox capacity and structural stability. • NiCoFe-PBA/CNT-based RCDI features a high desalination capacity of 140.8 mg g−1. • NiCoFe-PBA/CNT-based RCDI enjoys superior desalination rate and cycling stability. Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) have attracted considerable interest in capacitive deionization (CDI) as promising faradic electrode material candidates owing to their remarkable redox activity, non-toxic characteristics and cost-effectiveness. Yet, the desalination performance of the currently reported PBA-based CDI system falls far short of practical applications. Herein, the NiCoFe-PBA/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite is finely customized by a synergistic strategy of doping the Ni2+ into the CoFe-PBA and further employing conductive CNT as the interconnected framework for in-situ growth of NiCoFe-PBA particles, endowing the composite with excellent electrical conductivity, abundant redox-active sites, and structural stability. Moreover, we further coupled the NiCoFe-PBA/CNT composite with the rocking-chair CDI (RCDI) cell to avoid the capacity mismatch between the cathode and anode. As a result, the NiCoFe-PBA/CNT-based RCDI system achieves a high desalination capacity of 140.8 mg g−1 and a superior desalination rate of 0.51 mg g−1 s−1, which outperform most current PBA-based systems and are comparable to current state-of-the-art CDI systems. Besides, the system also exhibits excellent stability with almost no capacity degradation over 40 desalination cycles. This work highlights the importance of meticulous electrode material design and strategic CDI configurations in overcoming CDI bottlenecks, offering valuable insights for the advancement of future high-performance desalination systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The polygenic risk score (PRS) based on 38 SNPs exhibited the most robust association with the risk of radiation-induced brain injury (RBI). • Significant interactions were detected between genetic and clinical variables associated with the risk of RBI. • The PRS has the potential to serve as a valuable tool for informing personalized radiotherapy decisions for individuals. • The addition of PRS to the clinical model resulted in a statistically significant improvement in the predictive accuracy of the combined model. Radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) is a severe radiotoxicity for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients, greatly affecting their long-term life quality and survival. We aim to establish a comprehensive predictive model including clinical factors and newly developed genetic variants to improve the precision of RBI risk stratification. By performing a large registry-based retrospective study with magnetic resonance imaging follow-up on RBI development, we conducted a genome-wide association study and developed a polygenic risk score (PRS) for RBI in 1189 NPC patients who underwent intensity-modulated radiotherapy. We proposed a tolerance dose scheme for temporal lobe radiation based on the risk predicted by PRS. Additionally, we established a nomogram by combining PRS and clinical factors for RBI risk prediction. The 38-SNP PRS could effectively identify high-risk individuals of RBI (P = 1.42 × 10−34). Based on genetic risk calculation, the recommended tolerance doses of temporal lobes should be 57.6 Gy for individuals in the top 10 % PRS subgroup and 68.1 Gy for individuals in the bottom 50 % PRS. Notably, individuals with high genetic risk (PRS > P 50) and receiving high radiation dose in the temporal lobes (D 0.5CC > 65 Gy) had an approximate 50-fold risk over individuals with low PRS and receiving low radiation dose (HR = 50.09, 95 %CI = 24.27–103.35), showing an additive joint effect (P interaction < 0.001). By combining PRS with clinical factors including age, tumor stage, and radiation dose of temporal lobes, the predictive accuracy was significantly improved with C-index increased from 0.78 to 0.85 (P = 1.63 × 10−2). The PRS, together with clinical factors, could improve RBI risk stratification and implies personalized radiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal sites or nanoparticles immobilized on MOF-derived porous carbon matrix have gained enormous attention for oxygen electroreduction reaction (ORR), but they still suffered from the insufficient catalytic performance. Herein, we introduced edge defects to regulate the ORR performance of N-doped carbon polyhedron-supported FeCo bimetallic catalysts via a facile NaCl/KCl-assisted pyrolysis. HR-TEM, HAADF-STEM, Raman spectra, XPS and EPR analysis confirmed the existence of uniform FeCo atoms and edge defects within N-doped porous carbon polyhedrons and their mutual effect helped promoting ORR performance. The resulting FeCo-NC-30 exhibited more excellent ORR activity with E 1/2 of 0.86 V, and faster kinetic process with a higher kinetic current density, J k,E = 0.85V = 7.15 mA/cm2. As a cathode catalyst, it delivered a desirable power density of 196.9 mW/cm2, comparable to Pt/C, in home-made Zn-air batteries. Our findings demonstrated that the electronic tuning effect caused by carbon edge defects and synergistic bimetallic interactions is beneficial for enhancing ORR activity. [Display omitted] • Defects enriched FeCo-doped 3D carbon polyhedron can achieve a high half-wave potential (0.86 V vs. RHE).. • Uniformly dispersed iron and cobalt sites coupled with edge defects contribute to the superior ORR activity. • FeCo-NC-30 assembled zinc-air battery exhibits a much higher peak power density (196.9 mW/cm2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]