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The operational stability of a power transformer exerts an extremely important impact on the power symmetry, balance, and security of power systems. When the grid load fluctuates greatly, if the load factor of the transformer cannot be maintained within a reasonable range, it leads to increased instability in grid operation. Adjusting the transformer capacity based on load changes is of great significance. The existing control methods for on-load capacity-regulating (OLCR) transformers have low timeliness, and the daily switching frequency of the capacity-regulating switch is not controlled. To ensure the safe and stable operation of transformers, this paper proposes a control method for OLCR transformers based on load prediction and fuzzy control. Firstly, the operating principle of OLCR transformers is analyzed, and a multi-strategy enhanced dung beetle optimizer (MSDBO) combined with a CNN−LSTM model is proposed for load forecasting. On this basis, the daily switching frequency of the capacity-regulating transformer is introduced, and hesitant fuzzy control is used to select the optimal capacity-regulating strategy relying on three factors: loss, economy, and switching frequency. Finally, simulation models are constructed using the MATLAB/SIMULINK platform and simulation analysis is conducted to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control method. For the three scenarios in this paper, the method reduces daily power loss by 28.5% to 56.3% and daily operating costs by 25.4% to 50.8%. The method used in this paper can sacrifice 3.5% to 9.2% of the loss reduction capability in exchange for reducing the number of switch operations by 28.6% to 57.1%, significantly extending the lifespan of the switches and thereby increasing the operational lifespan of the transformer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human activities and climate change cause abiotic factors to fluctuate through time, sometimes passing thresholds for organismal reproduction and survival. Multiple stressors can independently or interactively impact organisms; however, few studies have examined how they interact when they overlap spatially but occur asynchronously. Fluctuations in salinity have been found in freshwater habitats worldwide. Meanwhile, heatwaves have become more frequent and extreme. High salinity pulses and heatwaves are often decoupled in time but can still collectively impact freshwater zooplankton. The time intervals between them, during which population growth and community recovery could happen, can influence combined effects, but no one has examined these effects. We conducted a mesocosm experiment to examine how different recovery times (0‐, 3‐, 6‐week) between salt treatment and heatwave exposure influence their combined effects. We hypothesized that antagonistic effects would appear when having short recovery time, because previous study found that similar species were affected by the two stressors, but effects would become additive with longer recovery time since fully recovered communities would respond to heatwave similar to undisturbed communities. Our findings showed that, when combined, the two‐stressor joint impacts changed from antagonistic to additive with increased recovery time between stressors. Surprisingly, full compositional recovery was not achieved despite a recovery period that was long enough for population growth, suggesting legacy effects from earlier treatment. The recovery was mainly driven by small organisms, such as rotifers and small cladocerans. As a result, communities recovering from previous salt exposure responded differently to heatwaves than undisturbed communities, leading to similar zooplankton communities regardless of the recovery time between stressors. Our research bolsters the understanding and management of multiple‐stressor issues by revealing that prior exposure to one stressor has long‐lasting impacts on community recovery that can lead to unexpected joint effects of multiple stressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foodborne contaminants are closely related to anthropologic activities and represent an important food safety hazard. The study of metabolic transformation and toxic side effects of foodborne contaminants in the body is important for their safety assessment. Liver microsomes contain a variety of enzymes related to substance metabolism and biotransformation. An in vitro model simulating liver metabolic transformation is associated with a significant advantage in the study of the metabolic transformation mechanisms of contaminants. This review summarizes the recent progress in the application of liver microsomes in metabolic transformation and toxicity evaluation of various foodborne pollutants based on metabolic kinetics, molecular docking and enzyme inhibition studies. The purpose of this review is to distinguish the existing studies involving liver microsomes and provide strategies for their application in the future. Finally, the prospects and challenges of the liver microsomal model are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural circulating steam generators are extensively applied in pressurized water reactor units, where the water level control is a tough challenge. During transients, the water level may change drastically, and its reverse dynamic characteristics may even cause safety concerns. This article studies the dynamic effects of several crucial impact factors on the level, including their gains, time constants, and coupling relationships. Considering the impact and the inter connections of these factors, a dynamic distributed parameter mechanism model for real-time water level estimation is constructed. It consists of three sub-models: the close-loop control system model, the mass and heat transfer model, and the momentum transfer model. Solving these models, one may yield the flow rates of the inputs and outputs of the downcomer channel. Then, the level is determined employing the dynamic conservation for the feedwater chamber. Pseudo-online simulation studies are carried out with the measurements from an operating 1000 MW unit during the full load rejection test. • Impact factors affecting the steam generator water level are studied quantitively. • A dynamic distributed parameter model of steam generator water level is established. • The proposed model is validated using measured data during load rejection transients. • Comparison suggests the accuracy of water level simulation with a mean error of 0.13%. • The model is suitable for online application since each-step simulation takes only 7 ms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Robust NiSn subnanoclusters are successfully encapsulated within silicalite-1 zeolite. • Synergy of NiSn sites is conducive to selective C–H activation and propylene desorption. • Propylene productivity of Ni 1 Sn 1 @S-1 catalyst is restored after 3 regeneration cycles. • Dehydrogenation mechanism is revealed from in situ FTIR spectra. Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is one of the most effective methods for intentional ("on-purpose") propylene production. Isolated Sn sites on open supports exhibit considerable PDH performance comparable to that of industrial Pt- and Cr-based catalysts, but the loss of Sn is inevitable. Herein, highly dispersed and stable NiSn subnanoclusters encapsulated within the channels of silicalite-1 zeolite are fabricated through a one-step hydrothermal synthesis in this work. The as-prepared Ni 1 Sn 1 @S-1 zeolite catalyst exhibits outstanding PDH performance with considerable propylene formation rate (ca. 12.3 mmol∙g cat -1∙h−1) and high propylene selectivity (>88 %). Most significantly, no Sn loss is detected after three regeneration cycles. Structural elucidation of NiSn sites on catalysts, by HRTEM, H 2 -TPR, FTIR and XPS characterizations confirms that the Ni sites embedded in the geminal silanols of zeolitic framework play a vital role in anchoring Sn species and preventing the active sites from losing and sintering. The cooperative action of robust NiSn subnanoclusters is conducive to the selective C–H activation and the propylene desorption. A plausible dehydrogenation mechanism is revealed by in situ infrared spectroscopy. This study on siliceous zeolite confined NiSn catalysts delivers an insight into the nature of selective and stable NiSn sites involved in the PDH reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Self-supported Al-CoSe 2 nanowire arrays were obtained. • The obtained electrocatalysts exhibit excellent catalytic activities and stability. • Possible enhanced mechanism has been convinced. The development of highly efficient, long-lasting, and earth-rich electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution processes (HER) is crucial to the advancement of hydrogen energy. Due to its improved catalytic activity, extraordinary chemical stability, and low cost, pyrite cobalt selenide (CoSe2) has become an incredibly potential replacement for Pt-based HER electrocatalysts. However, because of limited hydrogen adsorption and accompanying restrictions in its electronic structure, its practical application has run into difficulties. Herein, we have introduced aluminum (Al) into CoSe2/CC nanowire arrays on carbon cloth using a simple hydrothermal and selenization method. The synthesized materials serve as highly effective catalysts for HER, with the optimized Al-CoSe2/CC demonstrating a significantly overpotential reduced by nearly 90 mV compared to pure CoSe2/CC (from 243 mV to 153 mV) at a current density at 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 88 mV dec−1. Moreover, these catalysts exhibit exceptional durability, sustaining their performance for 24 h. Based on the experimental results and subsequent density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it has been demonstrated that Al doping can significantly enhance the electronic conductivity, maximize the hydrogen evolution adsorption energy, and improve the charge transfer ability. This work offers a profound insight into the correlation between cation substitution in non-precious metal-based catalysts and the enhancement of intrinsic HER catalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Migration regulation of Ca2+ species in the CaNaX zeolite was revealed in detail. • Utilization of hydroxylated Ca2+ species in the supercages of CaNaX zeolite was maximized via low-temperature calcination. • Remarkable CO 2 uptakes and selectivity on the 0.05CaNaX-250 zeolite were achieved. • This new sorbent displayed low heat of adsorption, fast kinetics and superior recyclability. • The formation of Ca(OH)+∙∙∙(CO 2) 2 adducts revealed by CO 2 -dosing FTIR experiments. Ca-FAU zeolite sorbents have been recognized as one of promising CO 2 capture materials, while it is subject to the change in the speciations and locations of Ca2+ species as adsorption sites in the FAU zeolite due to its susceptible migration. In this paper, a facile strategy is reported by tuning calcination temperatures and Ca loadings, to maximize the utilization of Ca2+ species in the supercages of CaNaX zeolites. Detail characterizations of TG-MS, in situ FTIR spectroscopy and XRD Rietveld refinement reveal the changeable regular in the chemical speciations, locations and number of Ca2+ species in the CaNaX zeolites. Synthetic 0.05CaNaX-250 zeolite (calcined at 250 °C and Ca loading of 1.58 wt%) guarantees at least 21 Ca(OH)+ species (depicted as hydroxylated Ca2+ species) in the supercages per FAU cell unit, close to theoretical value. Such sorbent apparently improves the CO 2 uptakes and the separation from CO 2 /N 2 and CO 2 /CH 4 , along with fast kinetics, low heat of adsorption, measured by dynamic and gravimetric adsorption methods, respectively. In addition, it keeps a superior recyclability after 10 times regeneration. CO 2 -dosing FTIR experiments further illustrate that excellent CO 2 adsorption performance are benefited from the formation of Ca(OH)+∙∙∙(CO 2) 2 adducts with an appropriate interaction. This work is of great significance to better understand the role of cations in FAU zeolites, and also provides an important reference value for the directional design of effective adsorption sites in other excellent CO 2 zeolite sorbents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The deformable drug-loaded peptide nanocarriers PS/Pep1 achieved high penetration. • PS/Pep1 underwent morphological transformation to prolong the retention time of the encapsulated drugs. • In vivo and ex vivo experiments demonstrated that PS/Pep1 inhibits angiogenesis. • PS/pep1 can effectively inhibit tumor metastasis in vivo. Chemotherapeutic drugs have low aggregation rates and short retention times in tumors, severely limiting their clinical application. Additionally, the development and spread of solid tumors is highly dependent on neovascularization. An RGD-modified acid-responsive peptide was designed to encapsulate the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel (PTX) and the antiangiogenic drug sorafenib (SF), enabling them to self-assemble into nanoparticles (NPs) in a physiological environment. In an acidic environment, the release of PTX and SF was achieved when the drug-loaded experimental peptide PS/Pep1 transformed from spherical NPs into aggregates containing nanofibers, which effectively prolonged the retention of the encapsulated drug and increased drug accumulation. Furthermore, in vivo experiments provided compelling evidence of the strong inhibitory effects of PS/Pep1 on tumor growth and metastasis, as well as its effective suppression of angiogenesis. This targeted NP system that undergoes a morphological shift in the tumor microenvironment holds promise for enhancing the efficacy of the combined administration of chemotherapeutic and antiangiogenic drugs to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• HSR introduces additional ecological pressure while promoting urban development. • The impact and mechanism of HSR development on vegetation pattern are revealed. • HSR operation reduces vegetation of locality but increases that of adjacent cities. • HSR changes vegetation cover via affecting land development and pollution emissions. • HSR-induced economic siphon effect underlying reshapes the intercity green pattern. Less attention has been paid to the potential ecological pressures brought about by high-speed rail (HSR) while promoting urban prosperity. Based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and multiple socio-economic and ecological data, this study examines the local effect and spatial spillover effect of HSR operation on green vegetation coverage (GVC) in Chinese cities from 2003 to 2014, using a difference-in-differences design and spatial econometrics. Main findings are: 1) HSR operation has reduced GVC of local cities by about 6.0%. Because HSR-triggered economic agglomeration has intensified the land development and increased the pollution emissions (represented by SO 2 and dust), leading to the degradation of local green vegetation. 2) The local effects of HSR on urban GVC are heterogeneous. HSR operation seriously cuts down the GVC for development-saturated cities, slightly undercuts the GVC for cities with conventional railways, but positively boosts the GVC for ecotourism cities. 3) HSR operation increases the GVC of adjacent cities (cities contiguous to HSR-located cities) by about 3.8%. Because the economic siphoning effect of HSR on adjacent cities reduces their land needs and pollution emissions, thus providing conditions for the vegetation expansion. Note that the HSR's impact on adjacent cities' GVC is influenced by the economic disparity between HSR cities and their neighbors. This study re-identifies the role of the transportation infrastructure in reshaping ecological patterns, providing insights into regional sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel framework was developed to assess ecological benefits. • The effective living vegetation volume is an important indicator in the framework. • The ecological benefits of single trees can be accurately calculated. • The advantages of multi-source data for evaluating ecological benefits were analyzed. • The model based on game theory was used to optimize weights. The rate of urbanization is increasing, and solutions to the pollution issue are desperately needed. Urban street trees are an essential factor in improving the environmental quality of cities. Quantifying precise ecological benefits of individual trees is important for monitoring urban ecology. However, since street tree surveys are time-consuming and expensive, it is challenging to assess the ecological benefits of street trees. Besides, there is still a need for more investigation into the advantages of multi-source data for ecological benefits estimates. Effective living vegetation volume (eLVV) as an urban green space indicator is beneficial for providing the vertical structure of street trees and offering a possibility for estimating the ecological benefits. The objective of this study is to evaluate the accurate ecological benefits of street trees by calculating eLVV. We developed and validated a framework for evaluating the ecological benefits of urban vegetation using point cloud and image processing techniques. Terrestrial laser scanning and unmanned aerial vehicle data were used to predict indicators at the single tree scale and road scale. Models based on game theory were applied to score all the indicators and assess the ecological benefits. The results showed that: (1) The proposed framework demonstrated that multi-source data allowed for the exact indicators of ecological benefits. (2) The eLVV of the street trees on two roads was less on the north side than on the south side, reflecting the difference in the ecology of the street trees in terms of orientation. This paper explores the advantages of multi-source data in measuring detailed ecological benefits, which support the digital management of street trees and the sustainability of regional ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring efficient non-precious metal sulfides as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial. Cobalt disulfide (CoS 2) has gained attention for its favorable intrinsic activity, impressive metal conductivity, and cost-effectiveness. However, the weak adsorption of H* at the sulfur (S) sites on the surface of CoS 2 leaves room for enhancing its HER intrinsic activity. Vacancy engineering emerges as a valuable strategy to modulate the local charge density, optimizing hydrogen adsorption free energy and catalytic performance in HER. Taking advantage of plasma technology, known for its rapid and efficient defect creation, we synthesized porous CoS 2 nanowire arrays enriched with S vacancies (V s -CoS 2 /CC) through Ar plasma treatment. Notably, at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, V s -CoS 2 /CC exhibits a lower overpotential (170 mV) compared to pure CoS 2 /CC (236 mV). Furthermore, V s -CoS 2 /CC demonstrates exceptional electrochemical stability. Experimental data and density functional theory calculations jointly reveal that introducing S vacancies reduces local charge density around S atoms, activating inert sulfur sites and enhancing the intrinsic activity of CoS 2 for HER. This study introduces a novel concept of defect-engineered activation in metal compound catalysts, employing a plasma approach to advance HER performance. [Display omitted] • By introducing V s through plasma treatment, V s -CoS 2 /CC is obtained. • V s -CoS 2 /CC exhibits excellent HER catalytic performance. • The introduction of V s activates the inert S sites in CoS 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, considerable attention has been directed towards the two-electron oxygen reduction for the photocatalytic H 2 O 2 production. However, the challenge of insufficient charge separation capacity markedly constrains the rate of H 2 O 2 production. Herein, we designed a donor-acceptor (D-A) interface characterized by rapid charge migration and separation to enhance the photocatalytic H 2 O 2 production. Specifically, naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid-diaminotriazole as an organic molecule has been judiciously chosen as the electron donor, while perylenetetracarboxylic acid serves as the electron acceptor. The novel semiconductor with D-A interface performs markedly strong internal electric field and demonstrates an excellent H 2 O 2 production rate of 3176 μM h−1. The pronounced internal electric field facilitated by the D-A interface effectively expedites charge separation and induces the migration of photogenerated carriers to the O 2 reduction sites. This study introduces a novel paradigm for the design of D-A interfacial organic materials aimed at realizing enhanced photocatalytic capabilities. [Display omitted] • A novel organic semiconductor with electron donor-acceptor (D-A) interface was designed. • The D-A interface results in a markedly strong internal electric field. • The giant internal electric field efficiently accelerates photogenerated carrier separation. • The photocatalytic H2O2 production reaches an apparent quantum yield of 15.9% at 550 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic polymer photocatalysts are a promising material platform for photosynthetic hydrogen peroxide production from water and oxygen. However, limited by the controlled structural design and lack of effective active sites, their photocatalytic efficiency is unsatisfactory. To address these above issues, we precisely designed and prepared two alkyne-based porous polymers via the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction (POP-DT and POP-DF). Acetylene served as the oxygen-reducing active site, tuning the thiophene or furan ring as the electron donor unit. They exhibited a large specific surface area and rich pore architecture. Under visible light irradiation, the H2O2 generation rate of POP-DT was as high as 2422.2 μmol g−1 h−1, which was 4.3 times higher than that of POP-DF, representing one of the best performances ever reported for polymeric photocatalysts. We found that the combination of acetylene and thiophene resulted in faster charge separation and transfer efficiency, significantly improving the kinetic behaviour of the oxygen reduction reaction. More importantly, combined with in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, we demonstrate that acetylene-connected thiophene is more beneficial to the electron enrichment of the acetylene active site, enhancing the adsorption and activation of oxygen, thus boosting the photocatalytic efficiency for the oxygen reduction reaction. Our work provides a novel strategy for designing advanced polymer photocatalysts for enhanced solar energy conversion efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intrinsic micropores in porous anodic oxidation (PAO) aluminum often result in poor long-term corrosion resistance and wear resistance. Herein, a novel highly corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant NiZnAl-LDH was synthesized on the surface of anodized aluminum through a simple hydrothermal method. The impact of synthesis parameters, including pH value, reaction temperature, and growth time, on the film, was investigated. The morphology, composition, corrosion resistance, and friction performance of the film were analyzed using various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results confirmed the successful synthesis of petal-like nanosheets of NiZnAl-LDH with nitrate ion intercalated, with a thickness of approximately 10 μm. The electrochemical tests revealed that when the solution had a pH of 9, a temperature of 110 °C, and a growth time of 24 h, the film exhibited the lowest corrosion current density of 5.813 × 10−7 A·cm−2. Compared to aluminum alloy, it displayed significantly improved corrosion resistance. Friction experiments demonstrated that the film had a minimal friction coefficient of around 0.35, which was much lower than that of aluminum alloy (0.6) and anodized aluminum (0.8).The process parameters outlined in this study can be extended to the synthesis of other types of LDH, providing numerical reference ranges for the synthesis of the latter LDH, thus expanding the application of LDH in the fields of corrosion resistance and friction resistance. • Hydrotalc can grow in situ on the anodized alumina surface to form a dense composite film. • Hydrotalcite absorbs corrosive ions by anion exchange to slow down the corrosion rate of aluminum alloy. • The NiZnAl-LDH composite film can improve the corrosion resistance of Al alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights The primary objective of the paper is the numerical and experimental investigation related to the damage recognition effects for CFRP tubes of four dynamic parameters. Four damage identification indexes consisting of natural frequency‐based index, Mode Shape‐based index (MS), Mode Shape Curvature‐based index (MSC), and Modal Flexibility Curvature‐based index (MFC) are established by analyzing the dynamic parameter data obtained before and after damage occurs. The performances of dynamic parameters are thoroughly discussed in the context of numerical simulations and experiment. The results indicate that the effect of natural frequency is not as significant as that of mode shape. MFC has the most notable effectiveness out of the four indexes. The simulation peak index pair is predicted to rise from 0.3 to 0.6 as the damage in the simulation model increases by 25% from 12.5%, indicating that MFC can feedback the damage degree. Moreover, the circumferential curvature index exhibits superior performance compared to the axial curvature index. To enhance the accuracy of the axial curvature index, it is proposed to increase the number of measuring sites along the tube's long direction. Damage identification indexes of four dynamic parameters are established. Discuss the identification ability of dynamic parameters by simulation and test. Two numerical models of CFRP tube with delamination damage are established. Impact and modal tests are executed to study the ability of four indexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial photosynthetic production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using conjugated organic polymer semiconductor photocatalysts is a promising approach. However, its application is limited mainly by the rapid rate of photogenerated carrier complexation. Here, we have prepared three novel porphyrin-based donor–acceptor conjugated organic polymers using porphyrin as a precursor and benzene–diamine ligands as basic blocks for the photocatalytic and efficient production of H2O2 under pure water. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that aniline ligands act as electron donors (D) and porphyrins act as electron acceptors (A). The TCFPP-TPD exhibits efficient photocatalytic H2O2 production with an initial rate of 1180 μmol g−1 h−1 under visible light (λ > 420 nm) irradiation without any additional sacrificial agents or co-catalysts. By increasing the number of benzene rings, the electron-donating ability of the benzene–diamine ligands was significantly enhanced, improving their electron-donor–acceptor (D–A) interactions with the porphyrins and facilitating the separation of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Moreover, the possible process for producing H2O2 through TCFPP-TPD photocatalysis was disclosed through in situ FT-IR and electron spin resonance (ESR). This study proposes novel design concepts for the rational construction of D–A structures with the aim of increasing the charge separation efficiency, which is crucial for the effective production of H2O2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphite (Gr) has been considered as the most promising anode material for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) commercialization due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low cost. However, Gr‐based PIBs remain unfeasible at low temperature (LT), suffering from either poor kinetics based on conventional carbonate electrolytes or K+‐solvent co‐intercalation issue based on typical ether electrolytes. Herein, a high‐performance Gr‐based LT rechargeable PIB is realized for the first time by electrolyte chemistry. Applying unidentate‐ether‐based molecule as the solvent dramatically weakens the K+‐solvent interactions and lowers corresponding K+ de‐solvation kinetic barrier. Meanwhile, introduction of steric hindrance suppresses co‐intercalation of K+‐solvent into Gr, greatly elevating operating voltage and cyclability of the full battery. Consequently, the as‐prepared Gr||prepotassiated 3,4,9,10‐perylene‐tetracarboxylicacid‐dianhydride (KPTCDA) full PIB can reversibly charge/discharge between −30 and 45 °C with a considerable energy density up to 197 Wh kgcathode−1 at −20 °C, hopefully facilitating the development of LT PIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphite (Gr) has been considered as the most promising anode material for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) commercialization due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low cost. However, Gr‐based PIBs remain unfeasible at low temperature (LT), suffering from either poor kinetics based on conventional carbonate electrolytes or K+‐solvent co‐intercalation issue based on typical ether electrolytes. Herein, a high‐performance Gr‐based LT rechargeable PIB is realized for the first time by electrolyte chemistry. Applying unidentate‐ether‐based molecule as the solvent dramatically weakens the K+‐solvent interactions and lowers corresponding K+ de‐solvation kinetic barrier. Meanwhile, introduction of steric hindrance suppresses co‐intercalation of K+‐solvent into Gr, greatly elevating operating voltage and cyclability of the full battery. Consequently, the as‐prepared Gr||prepotassiated 3,4,9,10‐perylene‐tetracarboxylicacid‐dianhydride (KPTCDA) full PIB can reversibly charge/discharge between −30 and 45 °C with a considerable energy density up to 197 Wh kgcathode−1 at −20 °C, hopefully facilitating the development of LT PIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel A1-D-A2 type photocatalyst is designed for H 2 O 2 evolution. • The photocatalytic H 2 O 2 evolution activity is obviously enhanced. • Asymmetric receptor units induced efficient charge separation. • Dual reduction sites are confirmed to promote O 2 reduction to H 2 O 2. The study of hydrogen peroxide production by O 2 reduction reaction using covalent organic framework (COF) photocatalysts has attracted extensive attention in recent years. However, there are still great challenges in accurately controlling their structures to achieve rapid carrier separation and efficient O 2 reduction. Based on this, we constructed the A1-D-A2 COF photocatalytic material (TT-DTDA-COF) with asymmetric dual acceptor sites by connecting thieno [3,2-b] thiophene, benzene, and triazine as the basic units through imine bonds. Under the synergistic effect of thieno [3,2-b] thiophene and triazine electron acceptors, the separation and transfer efficiency of TT-DTDA-COF photogenerated carriers was significantly enhanced. At the same time, according to the in-situ infrared and DFT calculation results, it was found that these two acceptor units served as O 2 reduction sites, which realized the multi-site adsorption reduction of O 2 , and effectively enhanced the efficiency of photocatalytic O 2 reduction to H 2 O 2. The experimental results showed that the H 2 O 2 generation rate of TT-DTDA-COF with A1-D-A2 dual receptor structure was 1302 μmol·g−1·h−1 under visible light irradiation, which was 3.4 times higher than that of TB-DTDA-COF with single receptor D-A structure and higher than that of most of the materials reported so far. This study provides a new idea for accurately designing COF-based photocatalysts to achieve efficient O 2 reduction to produce H 2 O 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of carbon dots has broadened the design and application of new room-temperature phosphorescence materials, but the mass production of long-lived color-tunable carbon dots-based phosphorescence materials (CDPMs) is still hindered by solvent dependence and time-consuming. In this work, a minute-level solid-phase synthesis strategy was proposed for the preparation of a series of CDPMs through pyrolyzing the mixture of boric acid and pimelic acid. By tuning the mass ratio of boric acid and pimelic acid, CDPMs with different room-temperature phosphorescence characterises can be obtained within 7 min. Preferably, the CDPMs-60 synthesized from the mass ratio of boric acid and pimelic acid of 60:1 exhibits a long afterglow length up to 10 s and has obvious phosphorescence chromatic aberrations following excitation at 254 and 365 nm, and phosphorescence lifetimes of CDPMs-60 in the blue and green band can reach 1030 ms and 555 ms, respectively. The CDPMs were further successfully applied for the information encryption and fabricating light emitting diodes based on their simple synthesis process, exceptional optical properties and low-toxicity. This study may provide a valuable reference for the facile synthesis and suitable commercial application of room temperature phosphorescence materials. • Solid phase synthesis strategy was designed for the facile syntheses of CDPMs. • Fluorescent/phosphorescent color of CDPMs can be tuned easily in single system. • Effective information encryption was realized by using developed CDPMs. • The CDPMs was successfully applied for the fabrication of LEDs device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel cold-set rice starch (RS)/heat-set curdlan composite gel systems prepared. • The RS-curdlan interaction affects the composite gel's structure and properties. • The 5:5 composite gel starts to show rheological properties dominated by curdlan. • Curdlan inclusion in RS enhances gel structure density and mechanical properties. • A schematic proposed for temperature-induced conformational change. In pursuit of advancing the understanding of composite gel systems, this study delves into the intricate realm of rheology, structural elucidation, and mechanical attributes. Specifically, it scrutinizes the symbiotic interplay between rice starch, a cooling-set gel, and curdlan, a thermo-irreversible heating-set gel. A higher curdlan content enhances the inter-chain hydrogen bonding between rice starch and curdlan, resulting in a denser gel structure and thus increased moduli, solid-like behavior, and mechanical properties, and reduced frequency-dependence, especially at high temperatures (>65 °C). For example, with 50 % curdlan incorporation, G ′ (90 °C) improved by 252 %. Notably, thermal treatment can compromise the structural integrity of the rice starch gel, reducing strength and softening texture. However, this textural degradation can be effectively mitigated with, for example, 30 % curdlan incorporation, resulting in a 55-fold hardness increase at 85 °C. The knowledge gained from this work offers valuable guidance for tailoring starch-based gel products to specific properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a kind of green and high quality feed, fermented feed has the activity of promoting growth and improving immunity in aquaculture. The aim of this study was to develop a new liquid fermented feed for the culture of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus and evaluate its nutritional value and function. After the commercial feed of the sea cucumber was fermented by Corynebacterium glutamicum, the contents of crude protein, free amino acids, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and the total content of polyunsaturated fatty acids were significantly increased. By feeding the fermented food, the weight gain rate, special growth rate and feed conversion rate of the sea cucumber were significantly increased, and the mortality rate was significantly reduced in the challenge test. The cellulase activity in the gut of the sea cucumber fed with the fermented feed was significantly increased, while the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, total nitric oxide synthase, catalase, and lysozyme in the coelomic fluid were significantly increased. The fermented feed changed the gut microbiota of the sea cucumber and significantly reduced the relative abundance of Vibrio, which was the main pathogen causing skin ulcer syndrome. Transcriptome analysis revealed 4492 differentially expressed genes that can be enriched in biological processes such as immune system processes and immune responses, and affect the growth performance and immune regulation of the sea cucumber through metabolic pathways such as ribosomal biogenesis. Further gene expression analysis showed that the upregulation of genes such as NFκBI, TLR, TLR3, TRAF6, MyD88, and p38 activated the TLR signaling pathway and enhances the immune response of the sea cucumber. Therefore, C. glutamicum fermented feed can promote the growth of the sea cucumber, enhance non-specific immunity, and resist pathogen infection, making it a highly promising feed for application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Chlorogenic acid nanoparticles were incorporated into pullulan/gelatin matrixes. • The transparent film exhibited good ultraviolet-blocking efficiency. • The colorless film also held fluorescent properties for anti-counterfeiting. • The safe films possess both antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Food packaging is innovating towards more environmental-friendly polymers and broader applications of bioactive compounds. In this study, active packaging materials were successfully prepared by incorporating chlorogenic acid (CGA) nanoparticles into pullulan/gelatin polymer matrixes. The rhamnolipid (RL) and/or CGA were combined with chitosan (CS) to synthesize active nanoparticles by the ionic crosslinking method. The film containing CS/RL/CGA nanoparticles (F/CRC) exhibited both ultrahigh visible light (400–760 nm) transmittance (approximately 90%) and UVA (320–400 nm)-blocking efficiency (89.06%). Its fluorescent properties can be used for anti-counterfeiting. Significantly, the bacterial inhibition rates of F/CRC against E. coli and S. aureus were 92.14% and 98.72%. F/CRC also showed good antioxidant capability and biosafety. Finally, the packaging test further indicated that F/CRC could delay the browning of bananas and the bacteria growth of chicken samples. This work presents a green and feasible route to produce functional materials with UV-shielding properties for packaging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an increasing demand for monitoring ammonia in livestock farming, which can prevent livestock products from being contaminated by bacteria and viruses. As a prospective material for resistive sensors, polypyrrole (PPy) still suffers from low sensitivity and poor selectivity. Herein, zinc-tetra(p-sulfonylphenyl) porphyrin (Zntpp) particles are anchored on the PPy network by a one-step mild electrodeposition route to form a resistive sensor with the wrinkle-like nanostructure. The optimal PPy/Zntpp (Pzt) sensor demonstrates an outstanding response value of 104.3 % toward ammonia with a response/recovery time of 42/223 s, compared with that of PPy (7.2 % in response and 47/230 s). The durability and stabilities have been explored, and the limit of detection for Pzt is calculated to be ∼8.63 ppm, which enables trace ammonia in livestock farming. Additionally, the sensing mechanism can be attributed to the p-n heterojunction. Furthermore, a wireless sensor device that consists of a Pzt sensory unit, a microcomputer, and a Bluetooth module is assembled, and the concentration information can be read precisely in real-time by a smartphone, indicating the great application prospects in the field of livestock farming. [Display omitted] • Constructure of polypyrrole/zinc-porphyrin for ammonia resistive sensor. • Outstanding sensitivity and selectivity of PPy/Zntpp toward NH 3. • Fabrication of a wireless sensor that display NH 3 concentration on a smartphone. • Great potential application prospects in the field livestock farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]