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Whether and to what extent the impact of exposure to various polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners on diabetes, as well as the important contributors, have remained unclear. We aimed to investigate the association patterns between PCBs mixture and diabetes, identify the critical congeners, and explore the potential modifiers. The present study included 5900 U.S. adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2007 and 2016. Weighted logistic regression, restricted cubic spline regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were applied to estimate the linear and non-linear associations of single and mixed PCB exposure with diabetes. Subgroup analyses were also conducted to explore potential sex differences. In the weighted logistic regression model, total PCBs were positively associated with diabetes (OR = 1.33, P < 0.025), and significant non-linear associations were observed using RCS analyses. The non-linear positive association between PCBs mixed exposure and diabetes was likewise found in the WQS and BKMR results. PCB180, PCB194, PCB196, and PCB167 were with the highest weights in the WQS, and PCB209 and PCB66 were with the highest posterior inclusion probabilities in the BKMR. Additionally, exposure to total PCBs and most of individual PCB congeners were significantly associated with elevated risk of in females (OR = 1.74; P for trend < 0.001), while fewer significant associations were observed in males. The present study highlighted the importance of the long-term surveillance of PCBs and the need to enhance protective measures against them. Notably, these associations were non-linear, congener-specific, and significantly stronger in females than males, especially at relatively high levels of PCBs exposure. Further prospective and mechanistic studies were warranted to ascertain the causal effects between PCBs mixture and diabetes. [Display omitted] • Non-linear associations have been identified between PCBs and diabetes incidence. • Various PCBs show differing levels of significance with respect to the associations. • Females were more vulnerable than males to PCBs, especially at high exposure levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness among diabetics. We aimed to explore whether long-term exposure to residential greenness was beneficial to DR. We used data from a large-scale, cross-sectional screening survey conducted in 129 cities of 27 provincial regions of China from 2018 to 2021 among patients with diabetes. We measured residential greenness exposure as the 3-year average of annual maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) at a spatial resolution of 250 m. DR was assessed by ophthalmologists based on fundus photographs. The primary outcome was DR, and secondary outcome included DR severity status (i.e., nonproliferative and proliferative), hallmarks of retinal lesions and macular oedema. A total of 484,380 adult participants with diabetes were included in the current analysis, and 15.7% of them were diagnosed with DR. NDVI was inversely and linearly associated with DR prevalence, and an increment of 0.1 NDVI was associated with a 10% (9%–10%) decrease in DR prevalence. Significant and inverse associations were further found for nonproliferative and proliferative DR, hallmarks of lesions and macular oedema. The association between greenness and DR was stronger among participants who were older, obese, lived in the south, had longer duration of diabetes or did not take antidiabetic medications. This large-scale nationwide study provides the first-hand epidemiological evidence on the associations of residential greenness with DR. Our findings highlight the importance of residential greenness in alleviating DR risk especially in an era of aging and urbanization. • The first to examine the relationship between greenness and diabetic retinopathy (DR). • Greenness exposure was almost linearly associated with decreased odds of DR. • Greenness was inversely associated with nonproliferative and proliferative DR. • Greenness was inversely associated with hallmarks of DR and macular oedema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faricimab stands as the inaugural and sole bispecific antibody approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for intravitreal injection. Nonetheless, the efficacy and safety of intravitreal faricimab remained uncertain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate faricimab. This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines (CRD42023398320). Five databases (Pubmed, Embase, Web of science, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials gov) were searched. We calculated pooled standard mean difference or odds ratio with 95 % confident interval under a random-effect model or fixed-effect model. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was employed to ascertain the reliability of the analyses. Trial sequential analysis was performed to gauge the statistical reliability of the data in the cumulative meta-analysis. 8 studies (3975 participants) were included. The use of faricimab was associated with central subfield thickness (CST) change, but no difference was found in other primary efficacy outcomes. Apart from that, a correlation was observed between the use of faricimab and the risk of vitreous floaters. Based on TSA, strong evidence indicates that compared to the control group, faricimab aided in reducing CST but increasing the risk of vitreous floaters. In this study, a correlation existed between the use of faricimab and a reduction in CST, indicating a superior therapeutic effect. Moreover, participants treated with faricimab demonstrated a higher risk of vitreous floaters. More randomized controlled trials are essential to further explore the efficacy and safety of faricimab. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]