9 results
Search Results
2. Downward drift for NIH citations.
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Holden, Constance
- Subjects
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MEDICINE - Abstract
Reports on the analysis of papers published by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) intramural scientists between 1981-1993. Citation impact of NIH papers relative to US biomedical baseline; Anecdotal evidence of decline; Proportion of NIH papers mentioned in most cited biomedical articles in the world.
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- 1994
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3. Trabecular bone organoid model for studying the regulation of localized bone remodeling
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Eugene Cheong, Yongkuk Park, Ryan Carpenter, Jungwoo Lee, Jae-Hyuck Shim, and Jun-Goo Kwak
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Cell network ,genetic structures ,02 engineering and technology ,Bone tissue ,Bone and Bones ,Bone remodeling ,03 medical and health sciences ,Paracrine signalling ,Organoid ,medicine ,Research Articles ,030304 developmental biology ,Physiological Homeostasis ,0303 health sciences ,Cell phenotype ,Multidisciplinary ,Osteoblasts ,Chemistry ,SciAdv r-articles ,Cell Biology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Cell biology ,Organoids ,Trabecular bone ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Applied Sciences and Engineering ,Cancellous Bone ,Bone Remodeling ,0210 nano-technology ,Research Article - Abstract
A tissue-engineered model of the trabecular bone microenvironment elucidates spatiotemporal aspects of bone remodeling processes., Trabecular bone maintains physiological homeostasis and consistent structure and mass through repeated cycles of bone remodeling by means of tightly localized regulation. The molecular and cellular processes that regulate localized bone remodeling are poorly understood because of a lack of relevant experimental models. A tissue-engineered model is described here that reproduces bone tissue complexity and bone remodeling processes with high fidelity and control. An osteoid-inspired biomaterial—demineralized bone paper—directs osteoblasts to deposit structural mineralized bone tissue and subsequently acquire the resting-state bone lining cell phenotype. These cells activate and shift their secretory profile to induce osteoclastogenesis in response to chemical stimulation. Quantitative spatial mapping of cellular activities in resting and activated bone surface coculture showed that the resting-state bone lining cell network actively directs localized bone remodeling by means of paracrine signaling and cell-to-cell contact. This model may facilitate further investigation of trabecular bone niche biology.
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- 2021
4. Single-cell connectomic analysis of adult mammalian lungs
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George C. Linderman, Katherine L. Leiby, Taylor Adams, Alexander J. Engler, Jonas C. Schupp, Micha Sam Brickman Raredon, Daniel J. Boffa, Nir Neumark, Yuval Kluger, Yasir Suhail, Andre Levchenko, Laura E. Niklason, Yifan Yuan, Sergio Poli, Corey Horien, Naftali Kaminski, Ivan O. Rosas, and Allison M. Greaney
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ,Cell type ,Cell ,Receptors, Cell Surface ,Semaphorins ,Biology ,Ligands ,Regenerative medicine ,Cell Line ,Alveolar cells ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Single-cell analysis ,Species Specificity ,medicine ,Connectome ,Animals ,Homeostasis ,Humans ,Lung ,Tissue homeostasis ,Research Articles ,030304 developmental biology ,Mammals ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Systems Biology ,SciAdv r-articles ,respiratory system ,3. Good health ,Cell biology ,Pulmonary Alveoli ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Genes ,Single-Cell Analysis ,Extracellular Space ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research Article ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Single-cell network analysis demonstrates species-conserved functional roles for pulmonary alveolar cell types., Efforts to decipher chronic lung disease and to reconstitute functional lung tissue through regenerative medicine have been hampered by an incomplete understanding of cell-cell interactions governing tissue homeostasis. Because the structure of mammalian lungs is highly conserved at the histologic level, we hypothesized that there are evolutionarily conserved homeostatic mechanisms that keep the fine architecture of the lung in balance. We have leveraged single-cell RNA sequencing techniques to identify conserved patterns of cell-cell cross-talk in adult mammalian lungs, analyzing mouse, rat, pig, and human pulmonary tissues. Specific stereotyped functional roles for each cell type in the distal lung are observed, with alveolar type I cells having a major role in the regulation of tissue homeostasis. This paper provides a systems-level portrait of signaling between alveolar cell populations. These methods may be applicable to other organs, providing a roadmap for identifying key pathways governing pathophysiology and informing regenerative efforts.
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- 2019
5. CORRECTIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS.
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DRUGS , *MEDICINE , *MEDICAL care , *ANTIBIOTICS , *SCIENCE , *DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
The article presents several corrections related to science that appear in the December 2004 issue of the journal "Science." The paper "New TB Drug Promises Shorter, Simpler Treatment," by J. Cohen incorrectly stated that Johnson & Johnson was screening for a broad spectrum antibiotic. The company was screening for a TB drug from the outset. The researchers also found resistance to their new compound in vitro, not in the mouse model. The image credit was incorrect. The credit should be KeesVeenenbos.
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- 2005
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6. Effects of microbiota-directed foods in gnotobiotic animals and undernourished children
- Author
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Ishita Mostafa, Hao Wei Chang, Robert L. Hettich, Matthew C. Hibberd, Robert Y. Chen, Sathish Subramanian, Nuzhat Choudhury, M Munirul Islam, Vanderlene L. Kung, Clay F. Semenkovich, Aleksandr A. Arzamasov, Siddarth Venkatesh, Sayeeda Huq, Richard J. Giannone, Martin Meier, Mustafa Mahfuz, Andrei L. Osterman, Christopher S. Sawyer, Bernard Henrissat, Imteaz Mahmud, Larry D. Spears, Iqbal Hossain, Christopher B. Newgard, Shafiqul Alam Sarker, Michael J. Muehlbauer, Richard D. Head, Dmitry A. Rodionov, Michael Talcott, Jeffrey I. Gordon, Olga Ilkayeva, Tahmeed Ahmed, Jiye Cheng, Semen A. Leyn, Michael J. Barratt, David O'Donnell, Jeanette L. Gehrig, Carrie A. Cowardin, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), King Abdulaziz University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Duke University Medical Center, Department of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy [St Petersburg], Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), and United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA GM007200 P30 DK052574 P30 CA91842 UL1TR002345Washington University Musculoskeletal Research Center NIH P30 AR057235Russian Science Foundation (RSF) 14-14-00289 19-14-00305Thought Leader Award from Agilent Technologies United States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI) P30CA091842United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) UL1TR002345 United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH National Institute of Arthritis & Musculoskeletal & Skin Diseases (NIAMS) P30AR057235 United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) P30DK056341 P30DK020579 P30DK052574United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) T32GM007200
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[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Severe Acute Malnutrition ,Biology ,Child Nutrition Disorders ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Metabolomics ,medicine ,Animals ,Germ-Free Life ,Humans ,Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Feces ,030304 developmental biology ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,Bangladesh ,Multidisciplinary ,Host Microbial Interactions ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Infant ,Blood Proteins ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,3. Good health ,Malnutrition ,Metagenomics ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Child, Preschool ,Bacteria ,Research Article - Abstract
To examine the contributions of impaired gut microbial community development to childhood undernutrition, we combined metabolomic and proteomic analyses of plasma samples with metagenomic analyses of fecal samples to characterize the biological state of Bangladeshi children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) as they transitioned, after standard treatment, to moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) with persistent microbiota immaturity. Host and microbial effects of microbiota-directed complementary food (MDCF) prototypes targeting weaning-phase bacterial taxa underrepresented in SAM and MAM microbiota were characterized in gnotobiotic mice and gnotobiotic piglets colonized with age- and growth-discriminatory bacteria. A randomized, double-blind controlled feeding study identified a lead MDCF that changes the abundances of targeted bacteria and increases plasma biomarkers and mediators of growth, bone formation, neurodevelopment, and immune function in children with MAM. INTRODUCTION There is a dimension to post-natal human development that involves assembly of microbial communities in different body habitats, including the gut. Children with acute malnutrition have impaired development of their gut microbiota, leaving them with communities that appear younger (more immature) than those of chronologically age-matched healthy individuals. Current therapeutic foods given to children with acute malnutrition have not been formulated based on knowledge of how they affect the developmental biology of the gut microbiota. Moreover, they are largely ineffective in ameliorating the long-term sequelae of malnutrition that include persistent stunting, neurodevelopmental abnormalities, and immune dysfunction. RATIONALE Repairing microbiota immaturity and determining the degree to which such repair restores healthy growth requires identification of microbial targets that are not only biomarkers of community assembly but also mediators of various aspects of growth. Identifying ingredients in complementary foods, consumed during the transition from exclusive milk feeding to a fully weaned state, that increase the representation and expressed beneficial functions of growth-promoting bacterial taxa in the developing microbiota could provide an effective, affordable, culturally acceptable, and sustainable approach to treatment. RESULTS Metabolomic and proteomic analyses of serially collected plasma samples were combined with metagenomic analyses of serially collected fecal samples from Bangladeshi children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) treated with standard therapy. The results provided a readout of their biological features as they transitioned from SAM to a state of persistent moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) with accompanying persistent microbiota immaturity. Significant correlations were identified between levels of plasma proteins, anthropometry, plasma metabolites, and the representation of bacteria in their microbiota. Gnotobiotic mice were subsequently colonized with a defined consortium of bacterial strains that represent various phases of microbiota development in healthy Bangladeshi children. Administration of different combinations of Bangladeshi complementary food ingredients to colonized mice and germ-free controls revealed diet-dependent increases in the abundance and changes in the metabolic activities of targeted weaning-phase strains as well as diet- and colonization-dependent augmentation of growth-promoting host signaling pathways. Host and microbial effects of microbiota-directed complementary food (MDCF) prototypes were subsequently examined in gnotobiotic mice colonized with immature microbiota from children with post-SAM MAM and in gnotobiotic piglets colonized with a defined consortium of targeted age- and growth-discriminatory taxa. A randomized, double-blind study of standard therapy versus various MDCF prototypes emerging from these preclinical models, conducted in Bangladeshi children with MAM, identified a lead MDCF that increased levels of biomarkers and mediators of growth, bone formation, neurodevelopment, and immune function toward a state resembling healthy children. Using an approach inspired by statistical methods applied to financial markets, we show in the accompanying paper by Raman et al. that this lead MDCF was most effective in repairing the microbiota. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate the translatability of results obtained from pre-clinical gnotobiotic animal models to humans, directly support the hypothesis that healthy microbiota development is causally linked to healthy growth, illustrate an approach for treating childhood undernutrition, and with the capacity to deliberately reconfigure immature microbiota, suggest a means to decipher how elements of the gut microbial community operate to regulate various host systems involved in healthy growth. Overview of therapeutic food discovery and testing. The approach used for integrating preclinical gnotobiotic animal models with human studies to understand the contributions of perturbed gut microbiota development to childhood malnutrition and to identify MDCFs.
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- 2019
7. Indian medical research out of touch?
- Author
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Holden, Constance
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MEDICINE , *MEDICAL research - Abstract
Presents findings from a study which suggests that Indian biomedical scientists are focusing on the diseases of the affluent at the expense of their own country's health problems. Study looked at the topics of over 1000 papers published by Indian biomedical doctors between 1987 and 1994; Most common subjects relating to cancer, cardiovascular disease, and tropical diseases; The fact that Indian biomedical research suffers from general low quality.
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- 1997
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8. Skin-like biosensor system via electrochemical channels for noninvasive blood glucose monitoring
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Zhe Qu, Xinyan Wang, Shasha Zhang, Si-Yuan Lu, Yihao Chen, Bingwei Lu, Xue Feng, Ying Chen, and Yan Li
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Adult ,Male ,animal structures ,Biophysics ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,macromolecular substances ,Biosensing Techniques ,Hypoglycemia ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Electric Power Supplies ,In vivo ,Skin surface ,medicine ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Humans ,Research Articles ,Skin ,Blood glucose monitoring ,Multidisciplinary ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,integumentary system ,Chemistry ,Continuous glucose monitoring ,Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,SciAdv r-articles ,Electrochemical Techniques ,Equipment Design ,Middle Aged ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,medicine.disease ,0104 chemical sciences ,Nanostructures ,Calibration ,Female ,Gold ,0210 nano-technology ,Biosensor ,Biomedical engineering ,Research Article - Abstract
Electrochemical twin channels make glucose in vessels measurable by noninvasive ultrathin skin-like highly sensitive biosensors., Currently, noninvasive glucose monitoring is not widely appreciated because of its uncertain measurement accuracy, weak blood glucose correlation, and inability to detect hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia during sleep. We present a strategy to design and fabricate a skin-like biosensor system for noninvasive, in situ, and highly accurate intravascular blood glucose monitoring. The system integrates an ultrathin skin-like biosensor with paper battery–powered electrochemical twin channels (ETCs). The designed subcutaneous ETCs drive intravascular blood glucose out of the vessel and transport it to the skin surface. The ultrathin (~3 μm) nanostructured biosensor, with high sensitivity (130.4 μA/mM), fully absorbs and measures the glucose, owing to its extreme conformability. We conducted in vivo human clinical trials. The noninvasive measurement results for intravascular blood glucose showed a high correlation (>0.9) with clinically measured blood glucose levels. The system opens up new prospects for clinical-grade noninvasive continuous glucose monitoring.
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- 2017
9. Multinational teams and diseconomies of scale in collaborative research
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David Hsiehchen, Magdalena Espinoza, and Antony Hsieh
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Value (ethics) ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,SciAdv r-articles ,multinational research ,Diseconomies of scale ,Data science ,Economies of scale ,Team science ,Multinational corporation ,team science ,Per capita ,Medicine ,Position (finance) ,economies of scale ,Marketing ,business ,Citation ,Research collaboration ,Research Articles ,Research Article ,Scientific Publishing - Abstract
Larger research teams are linked to decreasing impact, whereas contributions by international coauthors result in citation gains., Collaborative research has become the mainstay in knowledge production across many domains of science and is widely promoted as a means of cultivating research quality, enhanced resource utilization, and high impact. An accurate appraisal of the value of collaborative research efforts is necessary to inform current funding and research policies. We reveal contemporary trends in collaborative research spanning multiple subject fields, with a particular focus on interactions between nations. We also examined citation outcomes of research teams and confirmed the accumulative benefits of having additional authors and unique countries involved. However, when per capita citation rates were analyzed to disambiguate the effects of authors and countries, decreasing returns in citations were noted with increasing authors among large research teams. In contrast, an increasing number of unique countries had a persistent additive citation effect. We also assessed the placement of foreign authors relative to the first author in paper bylines of biomedical research articles, which demonstrated a significant citation advantage of having an international presence in the second-to-last author position, possibly occupied by foreign primary co-investigators. Our analyses highlight the evolution and functional impact of team dynamics in research and suggest empirical strategies to evaluate team science.
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- 2015
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