38 results
Search Results
2. EPA restricts emissions for pulp, paper mills.
- Author
-
Raber, Linda,
- Subjects
- *
GOVERNMENT policy on water pollution , *GOVERNMENT policy on air pollution - Abstract
Reports that the US Environmental Protection Agency has released its regulation on the control of water and air pollution. Applicability of the rule to air emissions from pulp, paper, and paperboard mills in the United States; Requirement for the capture and treatment of air pollutant emissions; Substitution of chlorine dioxide for chlorine in the bleaching of water.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. EPA ISSUES NANOTECH WHITE PAPER.
- Subjects
- *
NANOTECHNOLOGY , *NANOSTRUCTURED materials , *ENVIRONMENTAL risk assessment , *ENVIRONMENTAL policy - Abstract
The article reports on the release of a peer-reviewed white paper on nanotechnology by the Science Policy Council of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Laid out in the paper are scientific issues related to nanotech that must be addressed by the EPA. It was recommended that the agency continue performing research on risk assessment and environmental applications of nanomaterials.
- Published
- 2007
4. Draft papers on risks of metals available.
- Subjects
- *
METALS & the environment , *RISK assessment - Abstract
Reports on the release by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency of draft papers on the scientific issues involved in assessing health and environmental risks from metals. Agency's development of risk assessment guidance for metals; Setting of national air and water quality standards; Addressing of the issues of bioavailability and bioaccumulation.
- Published
- 2003
5. WASTE MANIFESTS STILL ON PAPER.
- Author
-
J. M.
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRONIC systems - Abstract
The article reports that the U.S. Congress panel that oversees hazardous waste regulation has reviewed the implementation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPAs) electronic manifest system.
- Published
- 2015
6. ACS/EPA symposium papers invited.
- Subjects
- UNITED States. Environmental Protection Agency, AMERICAN Chemical Society
- Abstract
Reports that the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Solid Waste and Office of R&D along with the American Chemical Society's Environmental Chemistry Division have scheduled the 12th Annual Waste Testing & Quality Assurance Symposium. When the conference was scheduled for.
- Published
- 1996
7. Quantifying the Risks of Unexploded Ordnance at Closed Military Bases.
- Author
-
MACDONALD, JACQUELINE A., SMALL, MITCHELL J., and MORGAN, M. GRANGER
- Subjects
- *
ORDNANCE research , *QUANTITATIVE research , *MILITARY bases , *EXPLOSIONS , *STOCHASTIC models , *RISK assessment - Abstract
Some 1,976 sites at closed military bases in the United States are contaminated with unexploded ordnance (UXO) left over from live-fire weapons training. These sites present risks to civilians who might come into contact with the UXO and cause it to explode. This paper presents the first systems analysis model for assessing the explosion risks of UXO at former military training ranges. We develop a stochastic model for estimating the probability of exposure to and explosion of UXO, before and after site cleanup. An application of the model to a 310-acre parcel at Fort Ord, California, shows that substantial risk can remain even after a site is declared clean. We estimate that risk to individual construction workers of encountering UXO that explodes would range from 4 × 10-4 to 5 × 10-2, depending on model assumptions, well above typical Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) target risk levels of 10-4 to 10-6. In contrast, a qualitative UXO risk assessment method, the Munitions and Explosives of Concern Hazard Assessment (MEC HA), developed by an interagency work group led by the EPA, indicates that the explosion risk at the case study site is low and "compatible with current and determined or reasonably anticipated future risk." We argue that a quantitative approach, like that illustrated in this paper, is necessary to provide a more complete picture of risks and the opportunities for risk reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Landfill-Gas-to-Energy Projects: Analysis of Net Private and Social Benefits.
- Author
-
Jaramillo, Paulina and Matthews, H. Scott
- Subjects
- *
LANDFILL gases , *ENERGY industries , *METHANE , *CLIMATE change - Abstract
Methane emissions from municipal landfills represent 3% of the total United States greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change. These methane emissions can be released to the air or collected and flared. This landfill gas also has the potential to be used to generate electricity. In 1994, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) created the Landfill Methane Outreach Program, with the objective of promoting the development of landfill-gas- to-energy projects around the country. There are currently 2,300 active landfills in the United States. Although there are already 382 operational projects, there are many more landfills with the potential to use the gas. EPA has identified at least 630 candidate landfills for energy projects, and many more have still not been identified. The objective of this paper is to evaluate total private and social benefits of landfill-gas-to-energy projects, taking into consideration not only the costs of installing and maintaining the necessary equipment and the revenues obtained from selling the electricity but also a valuation of the greenhouse gas emissions that would be prevented and the emissions of criteria pollutants created by the electricity generating equipment. It also evaluates the break-even government subsidies that would be required to make such projects economically viable from private and social perspectives in comparison to current subsidies. it was found that the private breakeven price of electricity for these projects is lower than $0.04/kWh. Moreover, the optimum social subsidy was found to be less than $0.0085/ kWh, which is about 40% lower than the currently available federal tax break of $0.015/kWh. The method developed for this paper can be applied to other renewable energy technologies, to show their relative social costs and benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Green Engineering Education through a U.S. EPA/Academia Collaboration.
- Author
-
Shonnard, David R., Allen, David T., Nguyen, Nhan, Austin, Sharon Well, and Hesketh, Robert
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis , *SUSTAINABLE architecture , *CHEMICAL engineering , *INDUSTRIAL goods , *ENVIRONMENTAL protection - Abstract
The need to use resources efficiently and reduce environmental impacts of industrial products and processes is becoming increasingly important in engineering design; therefore, green engineering principles are gaining prominence within engineering education. This paper describes a general framework for incorporating green engineering design principles into engineering curricula, with specific examples for chemical engineering. The framework for teaching green engineering discussed in this paper mirrors the 12 Principles of Green Engineering proposed byAnastas and Zimmerman (Environ. Sci. Technol 2003, 37, 94A-101A), especially in methods for estimating the hazardous nature of chemicals, strategies for pollution prevention, and approaches leading to efficient energy and material utilization. The key elements in green engineering education, which enlarge the "box" for engineering design, are environmental literacy, environmentally conscious design, and beyond-the-plant boundary considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Perfluoropolymer degrades in decades, study estimates.
- Author
-
RENNER, REBECCA
- Subjects
- *
FLUOROPOLYMERS , *BIODEGRADATION , *POLYMERS , *PERFLUOROOCTANOIC acid , *PAPER coatings , *SPOTTING (Cleaning) , *EQUIPMENT & supplies ,ENVIRONMENTAL aspects - Abstract
The article discusses a report within the issue by researcher John Washington and colleagues of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regarding the degradation time of perfluoropolymers. Fluorotelomer polymers are used in stain repellents and paper coatings and are a significant source of environmental perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). PFOA remains in the blood on individuals and the environment for years longer than previously thought. An overview of the study is presented.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Assessment of the US EPA's Determination of the Role for CO2 Capture and Storage in New Fossil Fuel-Fired Power Plants.
- Author
-
Clark, Victoria R. and Herzog, Howard J.
- Subjects
- *
CARBON sequestration , *CARBON dioxide mitigation laws , *COAL-fired power plants , *GAS power plants , *EMISSION control - Abstract
On September 20, 2013, the US Environmental and Protection Agency (EPA) proposed a revised rule for "Standards of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from New Stationary Sources: Electric Utility Generating Units". These performance standards set limits on the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) that can be emitted per megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity generation from new coal-fired and natural gas-fired power plants built in the US. These limits were based on determinations of "best system of emission reduction (BSER) adequately demonstrated". Central in this determination was evaluating whether Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) qualified as BSER. The proposed rule states that CCS qualifies as BSER for coal-fired generation but not for natural gas-fired generation. In this paper, we assess the EPA's analysis that resulted in this determination. We are not trying to judge what the absolute criteria are for CCS as the BSER but only the relative differences as related to coal- vs natural gas-fired technologies. We conclude that there are not enough differences between "base load" coal-fired and natural gas-fired power plants to justify the EPA's determination that CCS is the BSER for coal-fired power plants but not for natural gas-fired power plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Screening Houses for Vapor Intrusion Risks: A Multiple Regression Analysis Approach.
- Author
-
Johnston, Jill E. and Gibson, Jacqueline MacDonald
- Subjects
- *
VAPORS , *INDOOR air pollution , *POLLUTION risk assessment , *VOLATILE organic compounds & the environment , *ORGANOCHLORINE compounds & the environment , *INDOOR air pollution laws , *ENVIRONMENTAL toxicology , *MULTIPLE regression analysis - Abstract
The migration of chlorinated volatile organic compounds from groundwater to indoor air–known as vapor intrusion–can be an important exposure pathway at hazardous waste sites. Because sampling indoor air at every potentially affected home is often logistically infeasible, screening tools are needed to help identify at-risk homes. Currently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses a simple screening approach that employs a generic vapor "attenuation factor," the ratio of the indoor air pollutant concentration to the pollutant concentration in the soil gas directly above the groundwater table. At every potentially affected home above contaminated groundwater, the EPA assumes the vapor attenuation factor is less than 1/1000 - that is, that the indoor air concentration will not exceed 1/1000 times the soil–gas concentration immediately above groundwater. This paper reports on a screening-level model that improves on the EPA approach by considering environmental, contaminant, and household characteristics. The model is based on an analysis of the EPA's vapor intrusion database, which contains almost 2,400 indoor air and corresponding subsurface concentration samples collected in 15 states. We use the site data to develop a multilevel regression model for predicting the vapor attenuation factor. We find that the attenuation factor varies significantly with soil type, depth to groundwater, season, household foundation type, and contaminant molecular weight. The resulting model decreases the rate of false negatives compared to EPA's screening approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Examination of the Influence of Environmental Factors on Contaminant Vapor Concentration Attenuation Factors Using the U.S. EPA's Vapor Intrusion Database.
- Author
-
Yijun Yao, Rui Shen, Pennell, Kelly G., and Suuberg, Eric M.
- Subjects
- *
FACTOR analysis , *DATABASE evaluation , *INDOOR air pollution laws , *VAPOR analysis , *GROUNDWATER pollution , *NONAQUEOUS phase liquids - Abstract
Those charged with the responsibility of estimating the risk posed by vapor intrusion (VI) processes have often looked to information contained in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s VI database for insight. Indoor air concentration attenuation factors have always been a key focus of this database, but the roles of different environmental factors in these attenuation processes are still unclear. This study aims to examine the influences of these factors in the context of the information in the VI database. The database shows that the attenuation factors vary over many orders of magnitude and that no simple statistical fluctuation around any typical mean value exists. Thus far, no simple explanation of this phenomenon has been presented. This paper examines various possible contributing factors to the enormous range of observed values, looking at which ones can plausibly contribute to explaining them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Accelerated Reduction in SO2 Emissions from the U.S. Power Sector Triggered by Changing Prices of Natural Gas.
- Author
-
Xi Lu, McElroy, Michael B., Gang Wu, and Nielsen, Chris P.
- Subjects
- *
SULFUR dioxide mitigation , *ELECTRIC industries , *GAS power plants & the environment , *COAL-fired power plants , *DESULFURIZATION of coal , *CARBON taxes ,UNITED States economy - Abstract
Emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) from the U.S. power sector decreased by 24% in 2009 relative to 2008. The Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) approach was applied to isolate the factors responsible for this decrease. It is concluded that 15% of the decrease can be attributed to the drop in demand for electricity triggered by the economic recession, and 28% can be attributed to switching of fuel from coal to gas responding to the decrease in prices for the latter. The largest factor in the decrease, close to 57%, resulted from an overall decline in emissions per unit of power generated from coal. This is attributed in part to selective idling of older, less efficient coal plants that generally do not incorporate technology for sulfur removal, and in part to continued investments by the power sector in removal equipment in response to the requirements limiting emissions imposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). The paper argues further that imposition of a modest tax on emissions of carbon would have ancillary benefits in terms of emissions of SO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Traditional RCRA and Subpart K: UNC-CH's foray into the waste management weeds
- Author
-
Elliott, Daniel W., Koza, Mary Beth, Parker, Steven D., and Long, Michael D.
- Subjects
- *
WASTE management , *WEED control , *HAZARDOUS wastes ,UNITED States. Resource Conservation & Recovery Act of 1976 - Abstract
On 1 December 2008, the United States Environmental Protection Agency added new hazardous waste determination and accumulation provisions to RCRA to provide an alternative compliance scenario for academic generators. This rulemaking established a new Subpart K to 40 CFR 262. The Agency''s intent was to help academic laboratories better manage their hazardous waste, in part by providing greater flexibility regarding: (1) the timing of hazardous waste determinations, (2) on-site waste consolidation, (3) lab clean-outs, and (4) record-keeping. Since its passage, relatively few large research-oriented universities have opted into the Subpart K system. This paper focuses on the approach taken by The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill to evaluate the pros and cons of Subpart K, assess the impacts on its established Part B hazardous waste management process, and explain the decision reached by the University''s Department of Environmental Health and Safety to not opt into Subpart K at this time. Because Subpart K is favorable for certain academic hazardous waste generators, this decision may be reconsidered in the event the rulemaking is revised in the future. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Ligand Replacement-Induced Fluorescence Switch of Quantum Dots for Ultrasensitive Detection of Organophosphorothioate Pesticides.
- Author
-
Kui Zhang, Qingsong Mei, Guan, Guijian, Liu, Bianhua, Suhua Wang, and Zhongping Zhang
- Subjects
- *
PESTICIDES , *FOOD safety , *ECOSYSTEM management , *ENERGY transfer , *QUANTUM dots , *CHLORPYRIFOS , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
The development of a simple and on-site assay for the detection of organophosphonis pesliced residues is veiy important for food safety and exosystem protection. This paper reports the surface coordination-originated fluorescence resonance energr transfer (FRE1) of CdTe quantum dots (QDs) and a simple ligand-replacement turn-on mechanism for the highly sensitive and selective detection of organophosphorethioate pesticides. It has been demonstrated that coordination of dithizone at the surface of CdTe QDs in basic media can strongly quench the green emission of CdTe QUs by a FREF mechanism. Upon the addition of organophosphorothioate pesticides, the dithizone ligands at the CdTe QD surface are replaced by the hydrolyzate of the organophosphorothioate, and hence the fluorescence is turned on. The fluorescence turn on is immediate, and the limit of detection for chlorpyrifos is as low as ∼0.1 nM. Two consecutive linear ranges allow a wide determination of chiorpyrifos concentrations from 0.1 nM to 10 μM. importantly, the fluorescence turn-on chemosensor can directly detect chlorpyrifos residues in apples at a limit of 5.5 ppb, which is under the maximum residue limit allowed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The veiy simple strategy reported here should fadlitate the desvlopment of fluorescence turn-on chemosensois for chemo/biodetection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. RCRA – The first 30 years of hazardous waste regulation
- Author
-
Phifer, Russell
- Subjects
- *
HAZARDOUS waste laws , *WASTE management laws , *HAZARDOUS substances - Abstract
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act was passed by the US Congress in 1976; the law charged the Environmental Protection Agency with developing regulations to control the disposal of hazardous wastes from “cradle to grave”. These RCRA regulations went into effect on November 19, 1980. The ensuing 30 years have seen dramatic changes in how waste is managed both at the generator''s site and in terms of ultimate disposal. This paper will look at those changes and grades the overall progress that has been made to reduce improper disposal of hazardous chemical wastes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Concentration, Chlorination, and Chemical Analysis of Drinking Water for Disinfection Byproduct Mixtures Health Effects Research: U.S. EPA's Four Lab Study.
- Author
-
PRESSMAN, JONATHAN G., RICHARDSON, SUSAN D., SPETH, THOMAS F., MILTNER, RICHARD J., NAROTSKY, MICHAEL G., HUNTER, III, E. SIDNEY, RICE, GLENN E., TEUSCHLER, LINDA K., MCDONALD, ANTHONY, PARVEZ, SHAHID, KRASNER, STUART W., WEINBERG, HOWARD S., MCKAGUE, A. BRUCE, PARRETT, CHRISTOPHER J., BODIN, NATHALIE, CHINN, RUSSELL, LEE, CHIH-FEN T., and SIMMONS, JANE ELLEN
- Subjects
- *
EFFLUENT quality , *DISINFECTANTS & the environment , *EPIDEMIOLOGICAL research , *HEALTH risk assessment , *TOXIC substance exposure , *TOXICITY testing - Abstract
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's "Four Lab Study" involved participation of researchers from four national Laboratories and Centers of the Office of Research and Development along with collaborators from the water industry and academia. The study evaluated toxicological effects of complex disinfection byproduct (DBP) mixtures,with an emphasis on reproductive and developmental effects that have been associated with DBP exposures in some human epidemiologic studies. This paper describes a new procedure for producing chlorinated drinking water concentrate for animal toxicology experiments, comprehensive identification of >100 DBPs, and quantification of 75 priority and regulated DBPs. In the research reported herein, complex mixtures of DBPs were produced by concentrating a natural source water with reverse osmosis membranes, followed by addition of bromide and treatment with chlorine. By concentrating natural organic matter in the source water first and disinfecting with chlorine afterward, DBPs (including volatiles sod semivolatiles) were formed and maintained in a water matrix suitable for animal studies. DBP levels in the chlorinated concentrate compared well to those from EPA's Information Collection Rule (ICR) and a nationwide study of priority unregulated DBPs when normalized by total organic carbon (TOC). DBPs were relatively stable over the course of the animal studies (125 days) with multiple chlorination events (every 5-14 days), and a significant portion of total organic halogen was accounted for through a comprehensive identification approach. DBPs quantified included regulated DBPs, priority unregulated DBPs, and additional DBPs targeted by the ICR. Many DBPs are reported for the first time, including previously undetected and unreported haloacids and hatoamides. The new concentration procedure not only produced a concentrated drinking water suitable for animal experiments, but also provided a greater TOC concentration factor (136x), enhancing the detection of trace DBPs that are often below detection using conventional approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Evaluation of Digital Optical Method To Determine Plume Opacity during Nighttime.
- Author
-
DU, KE, ROOD, MARK J., KIM, BYUNG J., KEMME, MICHAEL R., FRANEK, BILL, and MATTISON, KEVIN
- Subjects
- *
PLUMES (Fluid dynamics) , *OPACITY (Optics) , *EMISSIONS (Air pollution) , *INDUSTRIAL pollution , *DIGITAL cameras - Abstract
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) set opacity standards for visual emissions from industrial sources to protect ambient air quality. USEPA developed Method 9, which is a reference method to describe how plume opacity can be quantified by human observers during daytime conditions. However, it would be beneficial to determine plume opacity with digital still cameras (DSCs) to provide graphical records of the plume and its environment during visual emission evaluation and to be able to determine plume opacity with DSCs during nighttime conditions. Digital optical method (DOM) was developed to quantify plume opacity from photographs that were provided by a DSC during daytime. Past daytime field campaigns have demonstrated that DOM provided opacity readings that met Method 9 certification requirements. In this paper, the principles and methodology of DOM to quantify plume opacity during nighttime are described. Also, results are described from a nighttime-field campaign that occurred at Springfield, IL Opacity readings provided by DOM were compared with the opacity values obtained with the reference in-stack transmissometer of the smoke generator. The average opacity errors were 2.3-3.5% for contrast model of DOM for all levels of plume opacity. The average opacity errors were 2.0-7.6% for the transmission model of DOM for plumes with opacity 0-50%. These results are encouraging and indicate that DOM has the potential to quantify plume opacity during nighttime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Environmental Justice Implications of Reduced Reporting Requirements of the Toxics Release Inventory Burden Reduction Rule.
- Author
-
MIRANDA, MARIE LYNN, KEATING, MARTHA H., and EDWARDS, SHARON E.
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL justice , *GEOGRAPHIC information systems , *CHEMICALS , *INFORMATION resources , *ENVIRONMENTAL law , *DEMOGRAPHIC characteristics - Abstract
This paper presents a geographic information systems (GIS) methodology for evaluating the environmental justice implications of the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Burden Reduction Rule, which was issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in December 2006 under the authority of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986. This rule exempts industrial facilities meeting certain higher reporting thresholds from filing detailed reports about the quantities of chemicals used, released, or managed as waste. Our analytical approach examines demographic characteristics within a 1, 3, and 5 km buffer around a georeferenced facility location, applied on a national, regional, and state scale. The distance-based GIS analysis demonstrates that TRI facilities that are eligible for reduced reporting are more likely to be located in proximity to communities with a higher percentage of minority and low-income residents. The differences are more pronounced for percent minority and percent minority under age 5 in comparison to percent in poverty, and the demographic differences are more apparent at increasingly resolved geographic scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Expert Judgment Assessment of the Mortality Impact of Changes in Ambient Fine Particulate Matter in the U.S.
- Author
-
Roman, Henry A., Walker, Katherine D., Walsh, Tyra L., Conner, Lisa, Richmond, Harvey M., Hubbell, Bryan J., and Kinney, Patrick L.
- Subjects
- *
JUDGMENT (Psychology) , *PARTICULATE matter , *MORTALITY , *ENVIRONMENTAL policy , *ENVIRONMENTALISM , *AIR pollution - Abstract
In this paper, we present findings from a multiyear expert judgment study that comprehensively characterizes uncertainty in estimates of mortality reductions associated with decreases in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the U.S. Appropriate characterization of uncertainty is critical because mortality- related benefits represent up to 90% of the monetized benefits reported in the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) analyses of proposed air regulations. Numerous epidemiological and toxicological studies have evaluated the PM2.5—mortality association and investigated issues that may contribute to uncertainty in the concentration—response (C—R) function, such as exposure misclassification and potential confounding from other pollutant exposures. EPA's current uncertainty analysis methods rely largely on standard errors in published studies. However, no one study can capture the full suite of issues that arise in quantifying the C—R relationship. Therefore, EPA has applied state-of-the-art expert judgment elicitation techniques to develop probabilistic uncertainty distributions that reflect the broader array of uncertainties in the C—R relationship. These distributions, elicited from 12 of the world's leading experts on this issue, suggest both potentially larger central estimates of mortality reductions for decreases in long-term PM2.5 exposure in the U.S. and a wider distribution of uncertainty than currently employed in EPA analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Congener-Based Aroclor Quantification and Speciation Techniques: A Comparison of the Strengths, Weaknesses, and Proper Use of Two Alternative Approaches.
- Author
-
Sather, Paula J., Newman, John W., and Ikonomou, Michael G.
- Subjects
- *
POLYCHLORINATED biphenyls , *INSULIN derivatives , *POLLUTANTS , *BIPHENYL compounds - Abstract
This paper compares two previously published methods, an Aroclor estimation method and a mixing model method, that relate Aroclor contamination to congener specific data in environmental samples. The Aroclor estimation method, which is consistent with U.S. EPA Method 8082, uses a limited set of congener specific data to estimate Aroclor contributions to the sample, while the mixing model method uses the full congener data to model sample composition as linear combinations of Aroclors. The performance of these methods are compared, using 181 samples at a variety of trophic levels, in terms of (a) total PCB concentrations, (b) compositional modification levels from original Aroclors, and (c) determination of the Aroclor mixture or mixtures best describing the sample (Aroclor speciation). We find that the two methods agree in all three terms for samples of low trophic level, but disagree for samples of higher tropic levels. Most significantly. the comparison reveals systematic overestimation of total PCB content by the Aroclor estimation method for samples at high trophic levels. The implication is that Aroclor determinations using persistent congeners cannot reliably be used as surrogates for total PCB concentration. The strengths and weaknesses of each method are detailed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Incinerators targeted by EPA.
- Author
-
Johnson, Jeff
- Subjects
- *
INCINERATORS , *DIOXINS , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Reports on the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) targeting of incinerators for regulatory actions in connection with the agency's findings on the health effects of dioxins. Incinerators as major source of dioxins; Two incinerator types; Proposed standards; Role of chlorine in dioxin production; Emission controls; Recycling option. INSET: What happened to pulp and paper?, by Jeff Johnson..
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Complex Chemistry.
- Author
-
Gentleman, Darcy J.
- Subjects
- *
JOURNALISTIC editing , *PERIODICAL publishing , *MERCURY & the environment , *SELENIUM & the environment , *TECHNETIUM - Abstract
The managing editor discusses his intentions to highlight articles that relate to the featured content of each issue. The featured content of this issue, metals in the environment, is reflected in a paper by Menzie et al. on a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) policy document on metal risk assessment, a paper by Luoma and Presser on selenium in the environment, other papers on technetium and uranium bioreduction, and several papers on mercury in the environment.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Third runner-up: A step toward predictive toxicology.
- Author
-
Booth, Barbara
- Subjects
- *
SEX (Biology) , *ENVIRONMENTAL sciences , *FISHES , *AQUATIC animals - Abstract
The article discusses a paper by researchers at the Environmental Protection Agency entitled "A Graphical Systems Model to Facilitate Hypothesis-Driven Ecotoxicogenomics Research on the Teleost Brain-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis." The paper makes it easier for researchers to analyze the complex nature of fish reproduction.
- Published
- 2008
26. Designing Science in a Crisis: The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill.
- Author
-
ANASTAS, PAUL T., SONICH-MULLIN, CYNTHIA, and FRIED, BECKY
- Subjects
- *
CRISIS management , *DECISION making , *BP Deepwater Horizon Explosion & Oil Spill, 2010 - Abstract
The authors discuss crisis-oriented decision making conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to address the BP Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill. Elements of crisis science used in responding to the (DWH) oil spill included use of all existing relevant knowledge, understanding and meeting crisis response needs, and ensuring the best possible data quality. Two papers in the issue on crisis science used by EPA are noted.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Trouble killing the dead zone?
- Author
-
Engelhaupt, Erika
- Subjects
- *
OXYGEN , *ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis , *NITROGEN , *PHOSPHORUS , *ENVIRONMENTAL protection , *BAYS - Abstract
The article focuses on the problem of insufficient oxygen in the Gulf of Mexico. According to the author, scientists recommend in the new U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) assessment that approaches in addressing the problem should be changed. A research that was published in the "Environmental Science & Technology" (ES&T) periodical is highlighted. The paper warns that some methods being considered could worsen the problem. The proponents of the research suggest phosphorus and nitrogen reduction.
- Published
- 2007
28. Debate over lead in air.
- Author
-
Renner, Rebecca
- Subjects
- *
LEAD , *AIR pollution , *POLLUTANTS , *GREEN movement , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
The article reports on the debate on whether lead should be removed from the list of six "criteria" air pollutants that are regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The debate began when EPA discussed the possibility of removing lead from the list of air pollutants because ambient lead levels are no longer a problem in most parts of United States. The option, which was widely rejected by environmental groups and Congress members, Representative Henry Waxman and Senator Barbara Boxer, was mentioned in the December 5, 2006 draft agency staff paper developed as part of a review of the criteria standard. EPA was required by the Clean Air Act to review, and if needed, update the six criteria pollutants every 5 years.
- Published
- 2007
29. EPA watch.
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL sciences , *RULES - Abstract
Presents news briefs relating to environmental sciences regarding the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) policies. Information on the EPA's proposal for analyzing minute levels of mercury in water; Opposition to the EPA's policy for reducing the Superfund liability of municipalities involved with landfills; Lawsuit filed by environmental groups relating to the EPA's rules regulating dioxin discharges from the paper and pulp industry.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. EPA watch.
- Subjects
- UNITED States, UNITED States. Environmental Protection Agency
- Abstract
Presents news briefs on issues relative to the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Details on dredging planned for the Hudson River in the State of New York due to polychlorinated biphenyls contamination; Contents of the paper issued by the EPA entitled `Water Quality issues Related to Coal Mining'; Findings of the EPA report entitled `An Ecological Assessment of the United States Mid-Atlantic Region.'
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. VALUING LIVES SAVED.
- Author
-
HOGUE, CHERYL
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL policy & economics , *TERMS & phrases , *GOVERNMENT paperwork - Abstract
The article reports on the decision of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to implement changes in its strategies in analyzing the economic benefits from health-protective rules. A white paper released in December 2010 revealed the plan of the EPA to change terminology that has raised controversy for a decade. The EPA wants to eliminate its "value of a statistical life terminology."
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. INDUSTRY FROWNS ON DATA-STORAGE PLAN.
- Author
-
Hogue, Cheryl
- Subjects
- *
CHEMICAL industry , *INFORMATION retrieval - Abstract
Reports the Environmental Protection Agency's data-storage plan for the chemical industry in the United States. Establishment of a standard for electronic records; Criteria for electronic record-keeping; Selection between paper or electronic formats.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. RESEARCHERS SAY METHANE LEAKS ARE UNDERESTIMATED.
- Author
-
J. J.
- Subjects
- *
METHANE & the environment - Abstract
The article reports on a policy forum paper in "Science" which found that leaks of methane are underestimated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
- Published
- 2014
34. HYDROGEN SULFIDE REPORTING TO BEGIN.
- Author
-
C. H.
- Subjects
- *
PETROLEUM refineries , *EMISSIONS (Air pollution) - Abstract
The article reports on a ruling issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regarding the need of gas and oil drilling operations, refineries, paper mills, and other facilities to report their annual emissions of hydrogen sulfide to the EPA.
- Published
- 2011
35. SMOG LINKED TO PREMATURE DEATH.
- Subjects
- *
AIR quality standards , *EARLY death , *AIR pollution , *ATMOSPHERIC ozone - Abstract
The article reports on the release of a document from the National Research Council suggesting that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency consider premature deaths due to ozone exposure in setting air quality standards for ozone. The paper reported that short-term exposure to ozone pollution is likely to contribute to people dying prematurely, especially those with existing heart or lung disease.
- Published
- 2008
36. COATINGS FACILITIES TO REDUCE VOCS.
- Subjects
- *
VOLATILE organic compounds , *ORGANIC compounds , *EMISSIONS (Air pollution) , *SURFACE coatings & the environment , *ENVIRONMENTAL policy - Abstract
The article reports that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will propose ways to control emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from facilities that apply certain types of coatings. According to the article, states could adopt EPA's guidelines to control VOC emissions in areas that exceed the national standard for ozone pollution. The proposed guidelines address coatings applied to paper, film, foil, metal furniture and large appliances.
- Published
- 2007
37. Finalize The Long-Awaited Dioxin Assessment.
- Author
-
Hileman, Bette
- Subjects
- *
DIOXINS , *RISK assessment of hazardous substances - Abstract
Presents health risk assessment of dioxin by the Science Advisory Board in the United States. Noncancer effects of dioxin on humans; Sources of dioxins in the environment; Regulation of dioxins from the pulp and paper industry by the Environmental Protection Agency.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. EPA ACTS ON NANOSILVER IN FOOD CONTAINERS.
- Author
-
B. E. E.
- Subjects
- *
FOOD containers , *LAW - Abstract
The article focuses on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that ordered New Jersey-based Pathway Investment Corp. on March 31, 2014 to stop selling plastic food storage containers that contain nanosized silver particles as the products have not been properly tested and registered.
- Published
- 2014
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.