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The formulation of models and solutions for various physical problems are the primary goals of scientific achievements in engineering and physics. Our paper focuses on using the Caputo fractional derivative operator to solve nonlinear fractional logistic differential equations. In order to solve general nonlinear fractional differential equations, we first introduce a novel numerical methodology termed the Homotopy perturbation transform method. The perturbation approach and the Yang transform method are combined to create the suggested strategy. Second, we introduce a new hybrid method that uses the time-fractional Caputo derivative to approximate and analytically solve nonlinear fractional logistic differential equations. This method combines the Yang transform with the decomposition method. To validate the analysis, we offer three numerical cases of nonlinear fractional logistic differential equations employing the Caputo fractional derivative operator. The resulting solutions exhibit rapid convergence and are presented in series form. In order to verify the efficacy and relevance of the suggested methodologies, the investigated issues were assessed through the implementation of different fractional orders. We examine and show that, under the specified initial conditions, the solution approaches under evaluation are accurate and effective. Graphs in two and three dimensions show the results that were obtained. Numerical simulations are presented to confirm the efficacy of the strategies. The numerical results show that an accurate, reliable, and efficient approximation can be obtained with a minimal number of terms. The results obtained demonstrate that the new analytical solution method is easy to apply and very successful in solving difficult fractional problems that occur in relevant engineering and scientific domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the relaxation dynamics of a large population of identical phase oscillators, each of which interacts with all the others through random couplings whose parameters obey the same Gaussian distribution with the average equal to zero and are mutually independent. The results obtained by numerical simulation suggest that for the infinite-size system, the absolute value of Kuramoto's order parameter exhibits superslow relaxation, i.e., 1/ln t as time t increases. Moreover, the statistics on both the transient time T for the system to reach a fixed point and the absolute value of Kuramoto's order parameter at t = T are also presented together with their distribution densities over many realizations of the coupling parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show two more approaches for generating trajectory-based dynamics in the phase space formulation of quantum mechanics: 'equilibrium continuity dynamics' (ECD) in the spirit of the phase space continuity equation in classical mechanics, and 'equilibrium Hamiltonian dynamics' (EHD) in the spirit of the Hamilton equations of motion in classical mechanics. Both ECD and EHD can recover exact thermal correlation functions (of even nonlinear operators, i.e., nonlinear functions of position or momentum operators) in the classical, high temperature, and harmonic limits. Both ECD and EHD conserve the quasi-probability within the infinitesimal volume dxtdpt around the phase point (xt, pt) along the trajectory. Numerical tests of both approaches in the Wigner phase space have been made for two strongly anharmonic model problems and a double well system, for each potential auto-correlation functions of both linear and nonlinear operators have been calculated. The results suggest EHD and ECD are two additional potential useful approaches for describing quantum effects for complex systems in condense phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show the exact expression of the quantum mechanical time correlation function in the phase space formulation of quantum mechanics. The trajectory-based dynamics that conserves the quantum canonical distribution-equilibrium Liouville dynamics (ELD) proposed in Paper I is then used to approximately evaluate the exact expression. It gives exact thermal correlation functions (of even nonlinear operators, i.e., nonlinear functions of position or momentum operators) in the classical, high temperature, and harmonic limits. Various methods have been presented for the implementation of ELD. Numerical tests of the ELD approach in the Wigner or Husimi phase space have been made for a harmonic oscillator and two strongly anharmonic model problems, for each potential autocorrelation functions of both linear and nonlinear operators have been calculated. It suggests ELD can be a potentially useful approach for describing quantum effects for complex systems in condense phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is shown how quantum mechanical time correlation functions [defined, e.g., in Eq. (1.1)] can be expressed, without approximation, in the same form as the linearized approximation of the semiclassical initial value representation (LSC-IVR), or classical Wigner model, for the correlation function [cf. Eq. (2.1)], i.e., as a phase space average (over initial conditions for trajectories) of the Wigner functions corresponding to the two operators. The difference is that the trajectories involved in the LSC-IVR evolve classically, i.e., according to the classical equations of motion, while in the exact theory they evolve according to generalized equations of motion that are derived here. Approximations to the exact equations of motion are then introduced to achieve practical methods that are applicable to complex (i.e., large) molecular systems. Four such methods are proposed in the paper—the full Wigner dynamics (full WD) and the second order WD based on “Wigner trajectories” [H. W. Lee and M. D. Scully, J. Chem. Phys. 77, 4604 (1982)] and the full Donoso-Martens dynamics (full DMD) and the second order DMD based on “Donoso-Martens trajectories” [A. Donoso and C. C. Martens, Phys. Rev. Lett. 8722, 223202 (2001)]—all of which can be viewed as generalizations of the original LSC-IVR method. Numerical tests of the four versions of this new approach are made for two anharmonic model problems, and for each the momentum autocorrelation function (i.e., operators linear in coordinate or momentum operators) and the force autocorrelation function (nonlinear operators) have been calculated. These four new approximate treatments are indeed seen to be significant improvements to the original LSC-IVR approximation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of dynamically consistent coarse-grained models for molecular simulations is often based on generalized Langevin equations, motivated by the application of the projection operator formalism (Mori–Zwanzig theory). While Mori's projection operator yields linear generalized Langevin equations that can be computationally efficiently implemented in numerical simulations, the downside is that Mori's generalized Langevin equation does not encompass the multi-body potential of mean force required to correctly encode structural and thermodynamic properties in coarse-grained many-body systems. Zwanzig's projection operator yields nonlinear generalized Langevin equations including the multi-body potential of mean force, while the remaining force contributions are not as cheap to implement in molecular simulation without making it formally hard to justify approximations. For many-particle coarse-grained models, due to computational and conceptual simplicity, an often used approach is to combine nonlinear conservative interactions with linear expressions to model dissipation. In a previous study [V. Klippenstein and N. F. A. van der Vegt, J. Chem. Phys. 154, 191102 (2021)], we proposed a method to parameterize such models to achieve dynamic consistency in coarse-grained models, allowing us to reconcile Mori's and Zwanzig's approach for practical purposes. In the current study, by applying the same strategy, we develop coarse-grained implicit solvent models for the continuous Asakura–Oosawa model, which under certain conditions allows us to develop very accurate coarse-grained potentials. By developing coarse-grained models for different reference systems with varying parameters, we test the broader applicability of the proposed procedure and demonstrate the relevance of accurate coarse-grained potentials in bottom-up derived dissipative models. We study how different system parameters affect the dynamic representability of the coarse-grained models. In particular, we find that the quality of the coarse-grained potential is crucial to correctly model the backscattering effect due to collisions on the coarse-grained scale. As hydrodynamic interactions are not explicitly modeled in the presented coarse-graining approach, deviations are observed in the long-time dynamics. The Asakura–Oosawa model allows for the tuning of system parameters to gain an improved understanding of this limitation. We also propose three new iterative optimization schemes to fine-tune the generalized Langevin thermostat to exactly match the reference velocity-autocorrelation function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Derived from phase space expressions of the quantum Liouville theorem, equilibrium continuity dynamics is a category of trajectory-based phase space dynamics methods, which satisfies the two critical fundamental criteria: conservation of the quantum Boltzmann distribution for the thermal equilibrium system and being exact for any thermal correlation functions (even of nonlinear operators) in the classical and harmonic limits. The effective force and effective mass matrix are important elements in the equations of motion of equilibrium continuity dynamics, where only the zeroth term of an exact series expansion of the phase space propagator is involved. We introduce a machine learning approach for fitting these elements in quantum phase space, leading to a much more efficient integration of the equations of motion. Proof-of-concept applications to realistic molecules demonstrate that machine learning phase space dynamics approaches are possible as well as competent in producing reasonably accurate results with a modest computation effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the dimension of invariant subspaces admitted by m-component nonlinear vector differential operators is estimated. It is shown that if the m-component nonlinear vector differential operators of order k preserves the invariant subspace Wn11×...×Wnmm, where Wnqq is the space generated by solutions of linear ordinary differential equations of order nq (q = 1, ..., m), then max {n1, ..., nm} <= 2mk + 1. To illustrate the approach, examples of nonlinear vector differential operators admitting invariant subspace Wn11×Wn22 with max {n1, n2} = 9 and three-component nonlinear vector differential operators admitting invariant subspace Wn11×Wn22×Wn33 with max {n1, n2, n3} = 13 are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that the weak formulation of the steady-state Navier-Stokes problem in the exterior of a three-dimensional compact set (closure of a bounded domain), corresponding to a nonzero velocity at infinity and subjected to a given body force, is equivalent to a nonlinear equation in appropriate Banach spaces. We thus show that the relevant nonlinear operator enjoys a number of fundamental properties that allow us to derive many significant results for the original problem. In particular, we prove that the manifold constituted by the pairs (u,λ), with λ the nondimensional speed at infinity (Reynolds number) and u weak solution corresponding to λ and to a given body force f, is, for “generic” f, a C∞ one-dimensional manifold, and that, for almost any λ, the number of solutions is finite. We also show that, for any given f in the appropriate function space and any given λ>0, the corresponding solutions can be “controlled” by their specification only in a suitable neighborhood, I, of the boundary. The “size” of I depends only on λ and f. Furthermore, we analyze the steady bifurcation properties of branches of these solutions and prove that, in some important cases, the sufficient conditions for bifurcation formally coincide with the analogous ones for flow in a bounded domain. Finally, the stability of these solutions is analyzed. The paper ends with a section on relevant open questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove existence results for a system of partial differential equations describing the approximate condensate wavefunction and pair-excitation kernel of a dilute T = 0 Bose gas in the stationary setting, in the presence of a trapping potential and repulsive pairwise atomic interactions. Notably, the Hartree-type equation for the condensate in this system contains contributions from non-condensate particles, and the pair excitation kernel satisfies a nonlinear operator equation. The techniques employed include a direct variational principle and also an iterative procedure for constructing solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of Coulomb collisions between energetic particles in a neutral beam injection (NBI)-heated plasma is numerically investigated utilizing the improved collision operator for the orbit-following type of Monte Carlo codes. This nonlinear collision operator enables the collisional effect by non-Maxwellian plasmas including energetic particles to be taken into account. We have implemented it into GNET, one of the orbit-following Monte Carlo codes solving drift kinetic equation in the 5D phase-space, and performed simulations for tangentially injected NBI cases (beam energy: 180 keV), taking account of beam–beam Coulomb collisions. It is found that the beam–beam collisions cause energetic particle orbits to transition from passing to trapped and enhance the collisional transport, which results in the deterioration of the energetic particle confinement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with traveling waves of a delayed SIR model with nonlocal dispersal and a general nonlinear incidence. The existence and nonexistence of traveling waves of the system are established respectively by Schauder’s fixed point theorem and two-sided Laplace transform. It is also shown that the spread speed c is influenced by the dispersal rate of the infected individuals and the delay τ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider a linear hybrid system which is composed by two non-homogeneous rods connected by a point mass with Dirichlet boundary conditions on the left end and a boundary control acts on the right end. We prove that this system is null controllable with Dirichlet or Neumann boundary controls. Our approach is mainly based on a detailed spectral analysis together with the moment method. In particular, we show that the associated spectral gap in both cases (Dirichlet or Neumann boundary controls) is positive without further conditions on the coefficients other than the regularities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonlinear dynamical systems with symmetries exhibit a rich variety of behaviors, often described by complex attractor-basin portraits and enhanced and suppressed bifurcations. Symmetry arguments provide a way to study these collective behaviors and to simplify their analysis. The Koopman operator is an infinite dimensional linear operator that fully captures a system's nonlinear dynamics through the linear evolution of functions of the state space. Importantly, in contrast with local linearization, it preserves a system's global nonlinear features. We demonstrate how the presence of symmetries affects the Koopman operator structure and its spectral properties. In fact, we show that symmetry considerations can also simplify finding the Koopman operator approximations using the extended and kernel dynamic mode decomposition methods (EDMD and kernel DMD). Specifically, representation theory allows us to demonstrate that an isotypic component basis induces a block diagonal structure in operator approximations, revealing hidden organization. Practically, if the symmetries are known, the EDMD and kernel DMD methods can be modified to give more efficient computation of the Koopman operator approximation and its eigenvalues, eigenfunctions, and eigenmodes. Rounding out the development, we discuss the effect of measurement noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We apply the effective potential analytic continuation (EPAC) method to the calculation of real time quantum correlation functions involving operators nonlinear in the position operator q⁁. For a harmonic system the EPAC method provides the exact correlation function at all temperature ranges, while the other quantum dynamics methods, the centroid molecular dynamics and the ring polymer molecular dynamics, become worse at lower temperature. For an asymmetric anharmonic system, the EPAC correlation function is in very good agreement with the exact one at t=0. When the time increases from zero, the EPAC method gives good coincidence with the exact result at lower temperature. Finally, we propose a simplified version of the EPAC method to reduce the computational cost required for the calculation of the standard effective potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observables in nonlinear spectroscopic measurements may be calculated from response functions, which have the form of averages of nested commutators involving the operator governing the radiation-matter interaction. We present a semiclassical formulation of the optical nonlinear response function, employing the Herman-Kluk frozen Gaussian approximation to the quantum propagator in the coherent states representation. This semiclassical approximation permits the response function to be computed from classical trajectories and stability matrices, and provides insight into the relationship between nonlinear response in classical and quantum mechanics. Linear response calculations for an anharmonic oscillator illustrate that the semiclassical approach reproduces the significant differences between quantum and classical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let φA be a general quantum operation. An operator B is said to be a fixed point of φA, if φA(B)=B. In this note, we shall show conditions under which B, a fixed point φA, implies that B is compatible with the operation element of φA. In particular, we offer an extension of the generalized Lüders theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A detailed analysis of zero distributions in a special polynomial of the form λτ(λ-a1)(λ-a2)...(λ-an)-(c+id) is proposed, where all ai(i=1,2,...,) have the same sign. As its applications, new criteria for asymptotic behavior of nonlinear delayed coupled systems with different topological structures are established. All possible bifurcations, including codimension-two bifurcations with 1:4/1:3 strong resonance in such a delayed difference system, are discussed. Numerical simulation gives a solid verification of the theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin current sheets in systems of large size that exceed a critical value of the Lundquist number are unstable to a super-Alfvénic tearing instability, referred to hereafter as the plasmoid instability. The scaling of the growth rate of the most rapidly growing plasmoid instability with respect to the Lundquist number is shown to follow from the classical dispersion relation for tearing modes. As a result of this instability, the system realizes a nonlinear reconnection rate that appears to be weakly dependent on the Lundquist number, and larger than the Sweet–Parker rate by nearly an order of magnitude (for the range of Lundquist numbers considered). This regime of fast reconnection is realizable in a dynamic and highly unstable thin current sheet, without requiring the current sheet to be turbulent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a nonlinear realization of the 5-graded Lie algebra associated to a Kantor triple system. Any simple Lie algebra can be realized in this way, starting from an arbitrary 5-grading. In particular, we get a unified realization of the exceptional Lie algebras f4,e6,e7,e8, in which they are respectively related to the division algebras R,C,H,O. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an extension of previously-developed mathematical machinery for nonlinear operators acting on a vector space. Review of nonlinear operator algebra; Inner products, Hermitian and unitary operators; Vector space and operators; Nonlinear Schrodinger equation; Types of operators; Lie groups and algebras.

It will be shown that covariantizing the Lax operators with a ‘‘time’’ independent non-Abelian gauge connection leaves the dynamical equations invariant. However, the symmetries associated with the Schrödinger equation in such a case is enlarged. This is used to give a simple derivation of various Kac–Moody algebras associated with such Lax operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The centroid dynamics formalism is extended to the calculation of time correlation functions of nonlinear operators. It is shown that centroid correlation functions can be related to quantum mechanical ones via higher order Kubo-type transforms. A key step is the construction of the correlation functions from a mixed classical/semiclassical centroid representation of the operators. A general methodology is developed to relate these Kubo-type transforms to the desired quantum correlation functions. The approach is tested using a one-dimensional anharmonic potential for which the 〈x 2x 2(t)〉 and the 〈x 3x 3(t)〉 correlation functions are computed. Applications of this new approach are also outlined. © 2000 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]